folk and popular culture
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Folk and Popular Culture. Chapter 4. Folk and Popular Culture. Key Issues: Where do Folk and Popular Cultures Originate and Diffuse? Why is Folk Culture Clustered? Why is Popular Culture Widely Distributed? Why Does Globalization of Popular Culture Cause Problems?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Folk and Popular Culture
Chapter 4
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Folk and Popular Culture
• Key Issues:1. Where do Folk and Popular Cultures Originate
and Diffuse?2. Why is Folk Culture Clustered?3. Why is Popular Culture Widely Distributed?4. Why Does Globalization of Popular Culture
Cause Problems?
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Where do Folk and Popular Cultures Originate and Diffuse?
• What do we mean by ‘culture’?• The Origin of Folk and Popular Cultures
– Origin of folk music– Origin of popular music
• Diffusion of Folk and Popular Cultures– Diffusion of Amish Folk Culture– Diffusion of Popular Culture Through Sports
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• Culture– The body of material traits, customary beliefs,
and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people
– Each cultural activity has a distinctive spatial distribution.
– Geographers study the relations between material culture and the physical environment.
What is Culture?
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• Daily necessities and leisure– Material culture deriving from the necessities
of daily life– Culture involving leisure activities– Habit: A repetitive act that a particular
individual performs– Custom: A repetitive act of a group– Material culture: A collection of social customs
• Folk culture: Varies from place to place at a given time
• Popular culture: Varies from time to time at a given place
What is Culture?
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– Anonymous hearth(s)– Anonymous sources (originators)– Unknown dates– Diffuses slowly and on a small scale
• Chiefly through migration– Little change
Characteristics of folk culture
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– Found in large heterogeneous societies– Large territory as compared to folk culture– Usually product of developed countries – Rapid diffusion facilitated by technology– Changes rapidly and frequently
Characteristics of popular culture
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• Composed anonymously and transmitted orally
• Contents derived from daily life
• Travels via relocation diffusion
Folk Music
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– Composed by specific individuals
– Commercial purposes
– Originated ~1800• Tin Pan
Alley• Rise of
recorded music
Popular Music
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Differences between popular and folk culture
• Popular culture– Consists of large masses of people who conform to and
prescribe to ever-changing norms– Large heterogeneous groups– Often highly individualistic and groups are constantly
changing– Pronounced division of labor leading to establishment of
specialized professions
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Differences between popular and folk culture
• Popular culture– Money based economy prevails– Replacing folk culture in industrialized countries
and many developing nations– Folk-made objects give way to their popular
equivalent• Item is more quickly or cheaply produced• Easier or time-saving to use• Lends prestige to owner
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Differences between popular and folk culture
• Folk culture– Made up of people who maintain the traditional– Describes people who live in an old-fashioned way-simpler
life-style– Rural, cohesive, conservative, largely self-sufficient group,
homogeneous in custom– Strong family or clan structure and highly developed
rituals– Tradition is paramount — change comes infrequently and
slowly
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Differences between popular and folk culture
• Folk culture– Little specialization in labor though duties may
vary between genders– Subsistence economy prevails– Individualism and social classes are weakly
developed– In parts of the less-developed world, folk cultures
remain common– Industrialized countries no longer have unaltered
folk cultures
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Differences between popular and folk culture
• Folk culture: The Amish in the United States– Perhaps the nearest modem equivalent in Anglo-
America– German-American farming sect– Largely renounces products and labor-saving devices
of the industrial age– Horse-drawn buggies still used, and faithful own no
autos or appliances– Central religion concept of demut, ”humility,” reflects
weakness of individualism and social class– Rarely marry outside their sect
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FOLK CULTURE : DISTRIBUTION OF THE AMISH
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Differences between popular and folk culture
• Folk culture• Typically, bearers of folk culture combine folk and nonfolk
elements in their lives• Includes both material and nonmaterial elements
– Material culture includes all objects or “things” made and used by members of a cultural group—material elements are visible
– Nomnaterial culture, including folklore, can be defined as oral, including the wide range of tales, songs, lore, beliefs, superstitions, and customs
• Other aspects of nonmaterial culture include dialects, religions, and worldviews
• Folk geography—defined as the study of the spatial patterns and ecology of folklife
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• Eleventh-century England
• Denmark ~1018–1042
– “Kick the Dane’s Head”
• Football Association, 1863
Soccer’s folk culture origins
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• Late 1800s diffused to continental Europe
• Holland, 1870s
• Spain, 1893
• Diffused via British imperial expansion
• Russia, 1887
Soccer as popular culture
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– Cricket– Ice hockey– Wushu– Baseball– Football– Lacrosse
Surviving folk sports