folleto gramatical primer nivel primer parcial

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 1 UNIT ONE EL VERBO TO BE USOS DEL VERBO TO BE Este verbo tiene varios usos y variaciones en comparación con el uso que se le da en español, a continuación se presentan sus usos y variaciones: 1. Para identificar una persona u objeto: En este uso se usa un sustantivo después del verbo to be, house, teacher, engineer, desk, etc. He is an engineer. (El es un ingeniero) They are students. (Ellos son estudiantes) I am a professional. (Yo son un profesional) It is a car. (Es un carro) 2. Para describir una persona o cosa: En este uso, la oración tiene que tener un adjetivo que describa la persona u objeto del que estamos hablando, tall, short, intelligent, poor, green. Carlos is intelligent. (Carlos es inteligente) They are blue. (Ellos son azules) Carmen is blond. (Carmen es rubia) It is cold (Es frio) 3. Para indicar ubicación u origen: En este caso, el verbo to be se traduce como estar y después de él tenemos que usar una preposición, in, on, at para indicar el lugar donde la persona o cosa se encuentra. En el caso de querer indicar origen tenemos que usa la preposición from. My friends are in the class. (Mis amigos están en la clase) Jorge is in Colombia. (Jorge esta en Colombia) It is in my desk. (Esta en mi escritorio) She is from Peru. (Ella es de Peru) Diferencias con el español 4. Para expresar la edad. El verbo to be se usa en inglés para expresar la edad mientras que en español se usa el verbo tener. My brother is 28 years old. (Mi hermano tiene 28 años) My niece is 10 years old. (Mi sobrina tiene 10 años)

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    UNIT ONE

    EL VERBO TO BEUSOS DEL VERBO TO BE

    Este verbo tiene varios usos y variaciones en comparacin con el uso que se le da en espaol, acontinuacin se presentan sus usos y variaciones:

    1. Para identificar una persona u objeto: En este uso se usa un sustantivo despus del verbo tobe, house, teacher, engineer, desk, etc.

    He is an engineer. (El es un ingeniero)

    They are students. (Ellos son estudiantes)I am a professional. (Yo son un profesional)It is a car. (Es un carro)

    2. Para describir una persona o cosa: En este uso, la oracin tiene que tener un adjetivo quedescriba la persona u objeto del que estamos hablando, tall, short, intelligent, poor, green.

    Carlos is intelligent. (Carlos es inteligente)They are blue. (Ellos son azules)Carmen is blond. (Carmen es rubia)It is cold (Es frio)

    3. Para indicar ubicacin u origen: En este caso, el verbo to be se traduce como estar y

    despus de l tenemos que usar una preposicin, in, on, at para indicar el lugar donde lapersona o cosa se encuentra. En el caso de querer indicar origen tenemos que usa lapreposicin from.

    My friends are in the class. (Mis amigos estn en la clase)Jorge is in Colombia. (Jorge esta en Colombia)It is in my desk. (Esta en mi escritorio)She is from Peru. (Ella es de Peru)

    Diferencias con el espaol

    4. Para expresar la edad. El verbo to be se usa en ingls para expresar la edad mientras que enespaol se usa el verbo tener.

    My brother is 28 years old. (Mi hermano tiene 28 aos)My niece is 10 years old. (Mi sobrina tiene 10 aos)

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    ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS

    El verbo TO BE corresponde a los verbos ser y estar en espaol, dependiendo del contexto sededucir de cual se trata.Primero nos dedicaremos al presente de este verbo que en ingles se conjuga:

    I am a student (Yo soy un estudiante)You are a teacher (T eres un profesor)She is tall (Ella es alta)He is rich (El es rico)It is a table (Eso es una mesa)We are friends (Nosotros somos amigos)You are from Cuenca (Uds. son de Cuenca)They are in a concert (Ellos estn en un concierto)

    Como se podr dar cuenta el verbo significa ser o estar, en las primeras 6 oraciones el verbo setraduce como serpara identificar o describir una persona u objeto. En las dos ltimas oracionesel verbo se traduce como estar.

    A MEMORIZAR!

    Es muy importante que memorice la conjugacin de estos verbos y sus contracciones, estas sonsimplemente una forma reducida del verbo to be:

    I am ImYou are YoureHe is HesShe is Shes

    It is ItsWe are WereYou are YoureThey are Theyre

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    EJERCICIO 1

    I. Use la conjugacin del verbo TO BE en las siguientes oraciones. Tiene que haber memorizadoya la conjugacin correspondiente antes de hacer este ejercicio. Las respuestas se encuentranal final de esta seccin.

    1. I ________ a very intelligent person.

    2. My mother _______ in Loja.

    3. My English dictionary _______ in my desk.

    4. It _______ cold today.

    5. The children _______ my nephews.

    6. The president of Ecuador _______ Rafael Correa.

    7. Guayaquil _______ the most crowded city in Ecuador.

    8. The most important thing _______ to study to learn.

    II. Coloque las siguientes palabras en el orden correcto para formar oraciones. Recuerde que elorden en ingls es Sujeto, Verbo y complemento. No se olvide del Sujeto.

    1. Venezuela. / from / She / is

    ____________________________________________________________

    2. cold / today / is / It

    ____________________________________________________________

    3. thirty years old / I / am

    ____________________________________________________________

    4. Jennifer / Her name / is

    ____________________________________________________________

    5. very difficult / My homework / is

    ____________________________________________________________

    III. Exprese lo que indican las claves en parntesis, el objetivo de este ejercicio es que Uds. sesienta ms cmodo y libre al usar el idioma para propsitos determinados. Recuerde que todaslas oraciones en Ingls tienen la estructura: Sujeto+ Verbo + Complemento, por ejemplo

    SUJETO VERBO COMPLEMENTO

    I am intelligent.

    My mother is an architect.

    The school is in Quito.

    1. (edad) _______________________________________________________

    2. (profesin u ocupacin) _________________________________________

    3. (descripcin de su fsico) ________________________________________

    4. (ubicacin en este momento) _____________________________________

    5. (origen) ______________________________________________________

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    ORACIONES NEGATIVAS

    En oraciones negativas se use la palabra NOT a lado de la conjugacin del verbo TO BE; esdecir:

    PRONOMBRE VERBO TO BE COMPLEMENTO TRADUCCIN

    I am not a janitor. Yo no soy un conserje

    You are not in Guayaquil. T no ests en Guayaquil

    He is not my father. l no es mi padre

    She is not a nurse. Ella no es una enfermera

    It is not Sunday. No es Domingo

    We are not cousins. Nosotros no somos primos

    You are not American. Uds. no son Americanos

    They are not twenty years old. Ellos no tienen 20 aos

    Generalmente no se pronuncia la palabra completa, I AM NOT, YOU ARE NOT , etc. sino que seusan contracciones:

    PRONOMBRE VERBO TO BE COMPLEMENTOI m not a janitor

    You aren't in Guayaquil

    He isn't my father

    She isn't a nurse

    It isn't Sunday

    We aren't cousins

    You aren't American

    They aren't twenty years old

    A MEMORIZAR!

    Memorizar las contracciones arriba mostradas.

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    EJERCICIO 2

    I. ESCRIBA LOS NEGATIVOS DE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES, USE CONTRACCIONES:1. The car is in the garage. ____________________________________________

    2. I am an assistant. ____________________________________________

    3. Karina is my friend. ____________________________________________

    4. The teachers are late. ____________________________________________

    5. It is my book. ____________________________________________

    II. EXPRESE LO QUE INDICAN LAS CLAVES ENTRE PARENTESIS, TODAS LASORACIONES SON RESPECTO A UD. NO SE OLVIDE DE LA ESTRUCTURA: SUJETO +VERBO + COMPLEMENTO.

    1. (not a doctor) ____________________________________________

    2. (not 40 years old) ____________________________________________

    3. (not lazy) ____________________________________________4. (not Colombian) ____________________________________________

    5. (not in a class) ____________________________________________

    YES/NO QUESTIONS/ PREGUNTAS DE SI Y NO

    En espaol hacemos la pregunta tan slo haciendo un cambio en el tono de voz, en ingls esdiferente, no slo el tono de voz cambia sino que tambin la estructura, observe:

    En una oracin simple, la estructura de una oracin es:

    She is a lawyer. Sujeto + Verbo + Complemento

    Imagnese que no quiere afirmar que ella es una abogada sino que le quiere preguntar a alguiensi ella es una abogada, entonces:

    Is she a lawyer? Verbo + Sujeto + Complemento

    Como se puede dar cuenta lo nico que cambia es la posicin del verbo en la oracin, enpreguntas el verbo va antes del sujeto. Observe las oraciones afirmativas en el primer cuadro ycmo cambian al ser transformadas en preguntas, en el segundo cuadro:

    SUJETO VERBOTO BE

    COMPLEMENTO VERBO TOBE

    SUJETO COMPLEMENTO

    She is a lawyer. Is she a lawyer?You are Ecuadorian. Are you Ecuadorian?

    It is your car. Is it your car?

    They are classmates. Are they classmates?

    Para responder este tipo de preguntas hay dos maneras, una corta y una completa, y puede serafirmativa o negativa.

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    A: Are you a secretary? A: Is she your sister?B: Yes, I am. o B: No, she isnt. o

    Yes, I am a secretary. No, she isnt my sister.

    EJERCICIO 3

    I. TRANSFORME LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES A NEGATIVAS Y LUEGO A PREGUNTASDE SI Y NO Y LUEGO RESPONDA LA PREGUNTA DE FORMA CORTA.

    1. Carmen is my mother. Negativa: ____________________________________

    Pregunta:_____________________________________

    Respuesta: ____________________________________

    2. His house is far away. Negativa: _____________________________________

    Pregunta: _____________________________________

    Respuesta: ____________________________________

    3. The flowers are beautiful. Negativa: _____________________________________

    Pregunta: _____________________________________

    Respuesta: ____________________________________

    4. I am a successful student. Negativa: _____________________________________

    Pregunta: _____________________________________

    Respuesta: ____________________________________II. PREGUNTE LO QUE INDICAN LAS CLAVES ENTRE PARNTESISPor ejemplo:( you/ an employee / here) Are you an employee here?

    1. (you / Peruvian) ____________________________________________

    2. (you / a student) ____________________________________________

    3. (you / thirty years old) ____________________________________________

    4. (your mother / Ecuadorian) ____________________________________________

    5. (your university/ good) ____________________________________________

    III. RESPONDA LAS SIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS, EN FORMA CORTA. RECUERDE SOLONECESITA USAR EL VERBO TO BE.1. Are you an engineer? _______________________

    2. Are you a good student? _______________________

    3. Are you Ecuadorian? _______________________

    4. Is your father in Ecuador? _______________________

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    ARTICULOS DEFINIDO E INDEFINIDOLas partculas a - anen espaol significan un o una y sirve para hablar de un solo objeto.

    Ejemplo:

    I have apencil. Yo tengo unlpiz.

    ARTICULO INDEFINIDO

    ARTICULO INDEFINIDO A

    Se utiliza la partcula aantes de un sustantivo que empiece con una consonante.

    Ejemplos:

    abook -> unlpiz atable -> unamesa

    ARTICULO INDEFINIDO AN

    La partcula an se utiliza delante de sustantivos que empiecen con vocales (sonidos voclicos), ode una h que no se pronuncie (muda).

    Ejemplos:anapple -> unamanzana

    anhour -> unahora (en este caso la h no tiene sonido)

    a hat -> un sombrero (en este caso la h tiene sonido)

    EL ARTCULO DEFINIDO

    ARTICULO DEFINIDO THE

    Este artculo se utiliza para hablar de una persona, animal o cosa especfi co, que se lo hayamencionado con anterioridad o que sea.

    Ejemplo:

    I saw a dog outside. The dog was very big -> Yo v un perro afuera. El perro era muy grande

    Se utiliza el artculo para hablar de cosas que son nicas.

    Ejemplo: Themoon is bright. -> Laluna es brillante. (slo hay una luna)

    El artculo definido tambin se emplea cuando nos referimos a ros (the Nile), mares,montaas; y en definitiva con los dems accidentes geogrficos.

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    Tambin lo utilizamos a la hora de nombrar un determinada instrumento musicalporejemplo: the piano, the guitar o the flute.

    EJERCICIO 4

    I. COLOQUE LAS SIGUIENTES PALABRAS DENTRO DEL CASILLERO CORRECTO. QUEPALABRAS VAN PRECEDIDAS CON AO AN?

    A AN

    II. LEA EL SIGUIENTE PARRAFO E INCLUYA LOS ARTICULOS: A / AN / THE

    I am from London. London is 1. _____ big city in England. It has a lot of museums. 2. ___museums are very interesting because you can see a lot of antiques. There are also manyparks which are nice, but there is 3. ____special park called Hyde Park. 4._____ park is

    5.____ amazing place because you can go with your family and see ducks, geese and birds.Be careful if you feed 6. ____ birds because they can be dangerous.

    III. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING AAN- THE

    a. Andres is ____ engineer.b. I have _____ interesting book.c. Luis has ____ car, but _____ car is old.d. Martin works in ____ hospital.e. Sophia wants ___ apple.f. I dont want ____ orange.g. She is ____ hardworking secretary.h. Leslie needs ____ hour to read the article.i. It is ___ expensive restaurant, but ____ restaurant has good food.

    j. That is ___ old comedy, but _____ comedy is fun.

    elephant job orange horse aunt pencil umbrella dictionary roseexample accountant house wife eraser architect teacher apple

    computer pen idea

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    SUSTANTIVOS SINGULARES YPLURALES

    Existen dos clases de sustantivos: contables y no contables. Los sustantivos contables sonaquellos de los que se puede hablar en singular y plural mientras que los no contables tienennicamente su forma singular.Contable: table tables

    dictionary dictionaries

    Como en espaol los sustantivos son singulares y plurales. Los singulares son los que significan1 y los plurales dos o ms.Ejemplo:

    A cup (una taza)Two cups (dos tazas)

    REGLAS PARA LA FORMACIN DE LOS SUSTATIVOS

    PLURALES1. Se aadeS a la mayora de los sustantivos singulares para hacerlos plurales.Ejemplo: cup cups

    book booksruler rulerscomputer computers

    2. Los sustantivos que terminan en s, z, x,sh, oy chforman su plural aadiendo - es.Ejemplo:

    class classesdish disheschurch churchesbox boxespotato potatoes

    3. Para los sustantivos que terminan eny y estn precedidos por una consonante, sereemplaza la y por la i y se aumenta es.Ejemplo:

    dictionary dictionarieslady ladiescity cities

    4. Para los sustantivos que terminan eny pero que estn precedidos por una vocal, solamentese aade la s.Ejemplos:

    toy toys

    day daysturkey turkeys

    5. Algunos sustantivos que terminan en -f o -fe forman su plural aadiendoves.Ejemplos:

    loaf loaveshalf halvesknife knives

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    6. Algunos sustantivos son completamenteirregulares, es decir al realizar el plural de ciertossustantivos estos cambian totalmenteEjemplos:

    man menchild childrentooth teeth

    A MEMORIZAR!

    Memorice todas las reglas para la formacin de los sustantivos plurales.

    EJERCICIO 5

    I. CONSULTE EN EL DICCIONARIO LOS PLURALES DE LOS SIGUIENTESSUSTANTIVOS IRREGULARESa. mouse _____________

    b. person _____________c. goose _____________d. foot _____________e. ox _____________

    II. FORME EL PLURAL DE LOS SIGUIENTES SUSTANTIVOS:

    1. flower _______________2. dish _______________3. door _______________4. bush _______________5. tomato _______________6. wife _______________

    7. dog _______________8. chair _______________9. baby _______________10. folder _______________

    III. ESCOJA Y ENCIERRE EN UN CRCULO EL SUSTANTIVO SINGULAR O PLURAL

    CORRECTO.

    a. Those chi lds chi ldren are intelligent.

    b. Tony has a box boxesin his bag.

    c. Sophia and Jeremy take a bus busesto go to school.

    d. Aaron and Peter are kind person - people.

    e. There are three mous es- miceat home.

    f. Portugal and France are beautiful country- countr ies.

    g. My tomatos tomatoesare fresh.

    h. I need a watch watchesto know what time it is.

    i. There are seven glass- glasseson the table.

    j. There is a church churchesin town.

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    UNIT TWO

    EL VERBO TO BE

    PREGUNTAS DE INFORMACIN

    Preguntas de informacin quieren decir el tipo de preguntas que se hacen para obtener algntipo de informacin especfica, no solamente si o no como las preguntas estudiadasanteriormente. Para realizar este tipo de pregunta es necesario saber el significado de laspalabras que nos permiten realizarlas:

    WHAT quWHERE dndeWHERE FROM de dndeWHEN cundoWHICH cul/ culesWHY por quHOW cmoHOW OLD cuntos aosHOW OFTEN con qu frecuenciaWHAT TIME qu hora/ a qu hora

    A MEMORIZAR!

    Memorice el vocabulario arriba presentado.________________________

    Partamos de una oracin afirmativa:

    They are in the park (Ellos estn en el parque)

    Para hacer la pregunta de si y no solamente se cambia la posicin del verbo:

    Are they in the park? (Estn ellos en el parque?)

    Ahora, no queremos preguntar si ellos estn en el parque pero queremos preguntar DNDE

    estn, observe:Where are they?

    Para formar esta pregunta se necesit de una de las palabras arriba enlistadas, WHERE y lamisma estructura de preguntas: VERBO + SUJETO + COMPLEMENTO. En este caso lapregunta no tiene complemento porque eso es lo que precisamente estamos preguntando.Where are they? They are in the park.

    Observe la siguiente oracin:Carmen is 32 years old.

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    Ahora quiere preguntar cuntos aos tiene Carmen, Intntelo!

    ____________________________________________________?

    Si, la pregunta es How old is Carmen?

    Otra vez, la oracin es:

    The school is in the north.Haga la pregunta para que in the north sea la respuesta:

    _____________________________________________________?

    In the north.

    S, la pregunta es: Where is the school?

    EJERCICIO 6

    I. ESCOJA LA PALABRA CORRECTA PARA FORMULAR PREGUNTAS A LAS RESPUESTASQUE SE ENCUENTRAN SUBRAYADAS AL LADO DERECHO.

    1. ______ is he from? He is from Portugal

    a. Who b. Why c. Where

    2. ______ is your last name? My last name is Suarez

    a. What b. Where c. Who

    3. ______ is your birthday? Its on March 2nd

    a. What time b. When c. How old

    4. ______ is she? She is my sister

    a. Who b. Why c. When5. ______ are you tired? Because I have a lot of work

    a. When b. Who c. Why

    6. ______ is it? Its USD. 10

    a. How old b. What c. How much

    7. _____ are you today? Im fine, thank you.

    a. Where b. How c. How old

    8. _________ is it? Its five o clock.

    a. What b. How much c. What time

    9. _________ is your brother? He is twenty five years old

    a. Who b. How old c. How

    10._________ is your bag? Its on my desk

    a. What b. When c. Where

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    II. PRIMERO TRANSFORME LAS ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS EN PREGUNTAS DE SI Y NO YLUEGO ESCRIBA LA PREGUNTA INFORMATIVA PARA QUE LAS PALABRAS SUBRAYADASSEAN LA RESPUESTA.Por ejemplo:

    The children arein first grade.

    Are the children in first grade? Es la pregunta de si y noWhat grade are the children? Es la pregunta para que in the first grade sea la

    respuesta.

    1. The answer is in the book. _______________________________________

    _______________________________________

    2. Your friends are good professionals. ______________________________________

    ________________________________________

    3. The secretary is efficient. ________________________________________

    ________________________________________

    4. It is 9:30 a.m. ________________________________________

    ________________________________________

    5. Sophia is inArgentina. ________________________________________

    ________________________________________

    6. That man is my brother. ________________________________________

    ________________________________________

    7. Valentines day is on February 14th ________________________________________

    ________________________________________

    8. Samantha is from Brazil. ________________________________________

    ________________________________________

    9. Christian is eighteen years old. ________________________________________

    ________________________________________

    10. Im happy because my dog is better.________________________________________

    ________________________________________

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    POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS

    Estos adjetivos indican la posesin de objetos por parte de personas, animales o cosas.

    Ejemplo: Susan has a car. Hercaris blue.

    objeto

    El adjetivo posesivo siempre va antes de un objeto

    POSSESSIVEADJECTIVES

    ADJETIVOSPOSESIVOS

    my Mi (s)

    your Tu(s), su(s)

    his Su, (de l)

    her Su, (de ella)

    its Su(s) (de una cosa)

    our nuestro

    their Su(s) de ellos

    A MEMORIZAR!

    Memorice los adjetivos posesivos.

    EJERCICIO 7

    I. Escoja el adjetivo posesivo correcto del cuadro para completar el prrafo.

    My his her their our

    Look at this picture! I am the boy on the left. The littlegirl who is on the right is 1. my sister. She loves 2._____ doll. The old people in the middle are mygrandparents. They live in the countryside and 3._____house is really big. My sister and I love 4.______grandparents because they always have candies for us.The man on the back is my father, 5. _______name isTom and the woman next to him is my mother,Katherine.

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    II. COMPLETE LOS ESPACIOS CON UN ADJETIVO POSESIVO.

    1. Jul iavisits ______ mother once a month.

    2. Peter and Ilike ______ new house.

    3. Joseph loves ________ daughter.4. My chi ldren always play with _______ cousins.

    5. My dogeats ______ food quickly.

    6. Anthonylives with______ wife far away.

    7. Katherinecalls _____ boyfriend every day.

    8. Do youlike _______ job?

    9. Colombiais a nice country and _______ people are kind and polite.

    10. I dont live with _______ parents.

    III. COMPLETE LAS ORACIONES USANDO UN ADJETIVO POSESIVO + UNA DE LASPALABRAS QUE SE ENCUENTRAN EN EL CUADRO

    wife name job keys phone number

    1. Peterlikes ________________ because he works there just a few hours.

    2. Andrewis married and he loves ________________.

    3. I want to call David and Thomas. Do you know _______________________?

    4. I dont know that womanover there. Do you know _____________________?

    5. I cantfind _______________. Where are they?

    POSSESSIVE CASES / CASO

    POSESIVOSe utiliza s (el apstrofe + s) paraindicar posesin para una persona o un animal.

    Ejemplos:

    Richards caris blue. El carro de Richard es azul.My brothers bookis interesting. El l ibro de mi herm anoes interesante.

    My dogs noseis dry. La nariz de mi perroest seca.

    Observe que en ingls primero se coloca la persona o el animal seguido por la apstrofe + s

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    OTROS CASOS

    En el caso de tener un sustantivo plural que termine ens se agrega nicamente

    apstrofe.

    Ejemplos:

    My sisters dolls. Las muecas de m is h erm anasThe students books. Los l ibros de los estudiantes.

    Si deseamos indicar posesin para un objeto se utiliza la estructura "of" (del, de la).

    Ejemplos:

    The door of the house is brown. La puerta de la casaes caf.

    The titleof the bookis interesting. El ttulo del l ibroes interesante.

    En caso de referirnos a dos personas el apstrofe va nicamente despus de la

    segunda persona.Ejemplo:

    John and Carols shoes are new Los zapatos de John y Carol son

    nuevos.

    A MEMORIZAR!

    Revise los diferentes casos posesivos al utilizar la s.

    EJERCICIO 8

    I. ENCIERRE EL CASO POSESIVO CORRECTO

    1. _____________ is intelligent.

    a. Brians daughter b. The daughter of Brian c. Brians daughter

    2. Whats _______________?

    a. the citys name b. the name of the city c. the names city

    3. ____________ is very small.

    a. The house of my parents b. My parents house c. My houses

    parents

    4. Are these _____________?a. your childrens toys b. the toys of your children c. your childrens toys

    5. London is ________________.

    a. Englands capital b. capitals England c. the capital of

    England

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    II. ORDENE LAS SIGUIENTES PALABRAS PARA FORMAR FRASES:

    1. car / Mr. Brown/ s

    ______________________________ is old.

    2. My / house/ s / cousin

    ________________________________ is very big.3. My/ business/ parents

    ________________________________ is successful.

    4. The / of / the / door/ car

    ________________________________ is small.

    5. s/ Tina / children

    ________________________________ are smart.

    III. ESCRIBA EL CASO POSESIVO S CON LOS SIGUIENTES SUSTANTIVOS:

    1. suit / Ken_____________________________________________

    2. the window / the classroom

    _____________________________________________

    3. son / Mrs. Clark

    _____________________________________________

    4. birthday / my brother

    _____________________________________________

    5. books/ the students

    _____________________________________________

    Possessive Pronouns / PronombresPosesivos

    Los pronombres posesivos se utilizan para indicar a quin pertenece algo. El pronombre

    posesivo sustituye al sustantivo.

    EJEMPLO:

    1. Its my dict ionary. Its mine. (Este es mi diccionario. Este es mo)

    2. Andrew has a new computer. The computer is his. (Andrew tiene una nueva

    computadora. La computadora es de l)

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    A continuacin el cuadro explicativo con todos los pronombres posesivos.

    Possessive Pronouns/ pronombres

    posesivos

    mine mo/a/os/as

    yours tuyo/a/os/as

    his suyo/a/os/as

    hers suyo/a/os/as

    its suyo/a/os/as

    ours nuestro/a/os/as

    yours vuestro/a/os/as

    theirs suyo/a/os/as

    A MEMORIZAR!

    Memorice todos los pronombres posesivos y REVISE los adjetivos posesivos presentados en

    el captulo UNO. Note la diferencia entre un adjetivo posesivo y un pronombre posesivo.

    Ejemplos: It is my car. ( My siempre va antes de un objeto)

    This car is mine. ( mine va despus de un verbo)

    EJERCICIO 9

    I. COMPLETE LAS ORACIONES USANDO UN PRONOMBRE POSESIVO.

    1. It is your money. Its__________

    2. It is Susans book. Its ________

    3. That is Katherine and Richards computer. Thats _________.

    4. Its my suitcase. Its _______

    5. They are Marcos shoes. They are _________

    6. Its your coat. Its _________

    7. It is our classroom. Its ___________

    8. They are Anns pens. They are_________.

    9. The cats belong to Lisa and Sheila. The cats are _____________ .

    10. It is our dictionary. Its _____________.

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    II. REVISE TODOS LOS CASOS DE LOS ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS (UNIDAD UNO) Y

    PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS Y COMPLETE EL SIGUIENTE CUADRO

    POSSESSIVE CASES POSSESSIVE

    ADJECTIVES

    POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

    Its Susans cat. It is her cat. It is hers.

    Its Kevins computer.

    Those are John and Carlas

    books.

    These are Tinas dresses.

    Thats the dogs food.

    Those are Sofias brothers.

    III. COMPLETE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES CON UN ADJETIVO POSESIVO (my - your

    - his - her - its - our - yourtheir) O CON UN PRONOMBRE POSESIVO (mine - yours - his -

    hers - its - ours - yourstheirs)

    1. Thomas and Ann visit __________friends every weekend.

    2. Liz sometimes goes to Canada for ________ holidays.

    3. This is Tony and Katyscar. It's __________ .

    4. This is Soniascomputer. It's__________ .5. The cat has ______ own place here.

    6. Maggie and _____ brother work downtown.

    7. Louis loves ______ daughter.

    8. I have a new laptop. That laptop is ________

    9. Those are the childrens toys. They are ___________.

    10. Joseph and ______ wife are kind people.

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    Whose? / De quin?Se utiliza whose para preguntar de quin o a quienes pertenece o pertenecen tal o cualobjeto.

    Ejemplos:Whose book is it? De quin es este libro?Whose pens are they? De quines son estos esferos?

    En ingls siempre se coloca el objeto despus de la palabra whose y luego el verbo conrelacin al objeto ya sea en plural o singular.Tenga cuidado cuando utilice la pregunta who is: whos? porque en este caso la pregunta esQuin es?

    A continuacin veamos las diferencias entre whose y whos.Ejemplos:

    Whose keys are they? (Whose + sustantivo): La pregunta se refiere a posesin.Who is he? (Who + verbo + sujeto): La pregunta se refiere a

    quin.

    EJERCICIO 10

    I. ENCIERRE EN UN CIRCULO WHO OR WHOSE

    a. Who/ Whose toys are these?

    b. Who / Whose is that man over there?

    c. Whose / Who umbrella is this?

    d. Whose / Who are they?

    e. Who /Whose keys are those?

    II. REALICE PREGUNTAS PARA LAS SIGUIENTES RESPUESTAS QUE SE

    ENCUENTRAN SUBRAYADAS, USE WHOSE.

    a. Those are my brothers pens.

    ________________________________

    b. That is my nieces dress.

    _________________________________

    c. They areAlans shoes.

    _________________________________

    d. They are my books._________________________________

    e. It is his su i t .

    _________________________________

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    III. ANTES DE REALIZAR ESTE EJERCICIO REVISE EL CASO POSESIVOS Y LUEGO

    ESCRIBA UNA ORACION UTILIZANDO EL NOMBRE QUE SE ENCUENTRA EN

    PARENTESIS + EL CASO POSESIVOS

    Ejemplo:

    0. Whose toy is it? (George) Its Georges car.1. - Whose car is it? (Rose) ___________________________ .

    2. - Whose radio is it? (Richard) ___________________________ .

    3. - Whose computer is it? (Susan) ____________________________ .

    4. - Whose pen is it? (Steven) ____________________________ .

    5. - Whose crayons are they? (the children) _____________________________ .

    6. - Whose erasers are they? (these students) __________________________ .

    7. - Whose gloves are they? (Peter) ____________________________ .

    8. - Whose bags are they? (Roy and Sue) ________________________ .

    9. - Whose rings are they? (the girls) _________________________.10. - Whose watch is it? (my grandfather) ___________________________

    PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS

    Los pronombres demostrativos identifican una cosa o cosas que se encuentran cerca o lejos

    en espacio y tiempo. Observe el siguiente cuadro:

    cerca (traduccin) lejos (traduccin)

    singular this Esto that esos

    plural these Estos those esos

    Ejemplos:

    This ruler belongs to Daniel. (Esta regla pertenece a Daniel)

    These rulers belong to Daniel. (Estas reglas pertenecen a Daniel)

    That man answered the question. (Ese hombre respondi la pregunta)

    Those men answered the question. (Esos hombres respondieron la pregunta)

    Tome en cuenta que no solamente el pronombre demostrativo es el que cambia en la oracin

    al convertir a la oracin en plural sino que ocurren otros cambios como la pluralizacin del

    sustantivo y la conjugacin del verbo.

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    Ejemplo:

    That car is old.

    Those cars areold.

    Es importante mencionar que cuando la oracin poseen las palabras:

    here, significa que el objeto en cuestin se encuentra cerca.There: significa que el objeto se encuentra lejos

    EJERCICIO 11

    I. ENCIERRE EN UN CIRCULO EL PRONOMBRE DEMOSTRATIVO CORRECTO

    a. That / Those / This laptops are expensive.

    b. That / These/ Thos espoon is dirty.

    c. This / Thos e/ Thesenight table is old.d. These / This/ That pots are big.

    e. That / These/ Those is the answer.

    f. This / These/ Those is my bedroom.

    g. Those/ That / This are important notebooks.

    h. That/ These/This are my pens.

    i. Is these / those / thatbedroom for me?

    j. Are that / those / thisforks new?

    k. How much are this/ that/ thesebooks?

    l. Are this / thos e/ thatpillows over there yours?

    2. CAMBIE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES DE SINGULAR A PLURAL

    a. This book is good. These books are good.

    b. That computer is old. ___________________________________

    c. This dictionary is big. ___________________________________

    d. That car is new. ___________________________________

    e. This child is intelligent. ___________________________________

    f. That country is interesting. ___________________________________

    3. CAMBIE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES DE PLURAL A SINGULAR

    a. These candies are very sweet. ___________________________________

    b. Those pictures are small. ___________________________________

    c. These people are kind. ___________________________________

    d. Those desks are dirty. ___________________________________

    e. These knives are sharp. ___________________________________

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    4. COMPLETE EL SIGUIENTE DIALOGO USANDO: this/that/ these / those

    Salesperson:Good morning! Can I help you?

    Customer: Good morning. Are a. _______ towels over there on sale?Salesperson: Do you mean b. _________ towels here?

    Customer: Yes, c.________ blue towels.

    Salesperson: Im afraid they arent, but I haved._______ yellow towel here which is on sale.

    Customer: Thank you, but I dont like e. ______ color.

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    UNIT THREE

    THERE IS/ THERE AREEstas dos estructuras significan HAY, y la diferencia radica en que There is se utiliza en elsingular y There are en el plural.Ejemplo: There is a teacher in the class. (Hay un profesor en la clase)

    There are students in the class. (Hay estudiantes en la clase)

    Siendo THERE IS una estructura que se usa para el singular normalmente va seguido dea/an indicando unacosa u objeto cuando el sustantivo que le sigue es contable:There is a book in the shelf. (Hay un libro en el estante)

    Book es un sustantivo contable por lo que es necesario el uso del artculo indefinido a/an.

    There is water in the vase. (Hay agua en el florero)

    Water es un sustantivo no contable por lo que no es posible usar el artculo indefinido quesignifica un o uno/una.

    La expresin ANY se utiliza para nicamente al realizar oraciones negativas y preguntas ypor lo general con there are o con un sustantivo no contable.Ejemplo:There arent any desks in class. (No hay ningn escritorio en clase) ORACION NEGATIVA

    Are there any desks in class? (Hay algn escritorio en clase?) PREGUNTA

    A continuacin observemos como se forman las oraciones afirmativas, negativas ypreguntas:

    AFIRMATIVAS NEGATIVAS PREGUNTAS SHORT ANSWERS

    There is a radio. There is not a radio. Is there a radio? Yes, there is.

    There's a car There isn't a car. Is there a car? No, there isn'tSINGUL

    AR

    PLUR

    AL There are erasers. There are not erasers. Are there erasers? Yes, there are.

    There are books. There aren't any books. Are there any books? No, there aren'tPLUR

    AL

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    EJERCICIO 12

    I. ESCOJA LA OPCION CORRECTA PARA COMPLETAR LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONESO PREGUNTAS.

    1. __________ any glasses on the table?a. there is b. are there c. there arent d. is there

    2. ________ a Chinese restaurant near here?a. are there b. is there c. there isnt d. there arent

    3. _________ any churches in town.a. there isnt b. is there c there arent d. there are

    4. ________ a sandwich on the table.a. are there b. there are c. there arent d. there is

    5. ________ five people outside.a. there are b. there isnt c. is there d. there is

    II. COMPLETE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES CON THERE IS O THERE ARE.

    1. __________ a meeting in his office.

    2. __________ a lot of people in the supermarket right now.

    3. __________ a mistake in this page.

    4. __________ two friends waiting for you.

    5. In the morning ________ more employees.

    6. I think ________ more people interested in changing their vote now.

    III. OBSERVE EL CUADRO Y CONTESTE LASSIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS:

    1. Is there a dog? ____________________2. Are there any flowers? _____________3. Is there a pencil on the table?_______________4. Is there a cat on the floor? __________________5. Are there any apples on the table? ___________

    www.offthemarkcartoons.com

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    PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE ANDMOVEMENT

    Las preposiciones de lugar son palabras que indican la ubicacin de un objeto.

    http://england.caduff.org

    on: sobreunder / below: debajoover/above: por encimain: dentrobehind: detrs dein front of: al frente debetween: entreinto: hacia el interior deout of: fuera deup: arribathrough: a travs de

    across: transversalmentebeside /next to: al lado dearound: alrededor de

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    EJERCICIO 13

    I. OBSERVE LOS SIGUIENTES CUADROS Y CONTESTE LAS PREGUNTAS USANDOUNA PREPOSICION DE LUGAR. A VECES MAS DE UNA RESPUESTA ES POSIBLE.

    1. Where is the cat? The cat is ________________ the table

    2. Where is the tree? _____________________________ the house3. Where is airplane? _____________________________ the air

    4. Where is the old woman? ______________________________ the piano

    5. Where are the cars? _____________________________ the parking lot

    6. Where is the phone? ______________________________ the table

    7. Where is the clock? ______________________________ the wall

    8. Where is the sink? _____________________________ the bathroom

    9. Where is the lamp? ______________________________ night table

    10. Where is the plant? _______________________________ the piano

    11. Where is Paul? _______________________________ Anna.12. Where are the cars? _______________________________ the road.

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    II. OBSERVE LOS SIGUIENTES CUADROS Y COLOQUE UN ( ) SI LA ORACION ESTACORRECTA, CASO CONTRARIO ESCRIBA LA PREPOSICION CORRECTA

    1. The cat is under the table. _____________________________

    2. The apple is on the books. ________________________

    3. The woman is behind the computer. __________________________________

    4. The ball is under the dog. ____________________________

    5. The pictures are in the wall. _______________________________________

    III. COMPLETE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES USANDO IN / ON

    a. There is a wonderful picture ________ the wall.

    b. My brother lives _______ Australia.

    c. Is there a pen _____ your bag?

    d. Dont sit _______ that chair. It is old.

    e. Look! There is a dictionary ______ the table.

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    UNIT FOUR

    SIMPLE PRESENT / PRESENTESIMPLE

    Se utiliza para expresar hbitos o costumbres, es decir acciones que se realizan a diario,rutinas de la vida cotidiana.Ejemplo:

    I take a shower every day. (Yo tomo una ducha todos los das.)

    Adems este tiempo se utiliza para expresar hechos o verdades generales.Ejemplo:

    Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. (El agua hierve a 100 grados centgrados)

    El presente simple se forma de la siguiente manera:

    SIMPLE

    PRESENT

    PRESENTE SIMPLE

    I sleep Yo duermo

    You sleep Tu duermes

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    He sleeps El duerme

    She sleeps Ella duerme

    It sleeps (para referirnos a objetos)

    We sleep nosotros dormimos

    You sleep Ustedes duermenThey sleep Ellos duermen

    NOTA: El nico cambio que se realiza al realizar oraciones positivas es cuando hablamos delas terceras personas, es decir: he, sheoit, porque en este caso tenemos que aadirs a losverbos.

    CAMBIOS ORTOGRAFICOS PARA LA S TERCERAS PERSONAS

    La regla general para formar una oracin en el presente simple con las terceras personas, es

    aadir las a los verbos:

    Ejemplos: I work -> she works I dance -> he dances

    Sin embargo existen algunas reglas para ciertos verbos:

    1.- Si un verbo termina en o, sh, ch, x se aade -es

    Ejemplos: I watch -> she watches(mirar) I wash - she washes (lavar)

    I go -> she goes(ir) I fix she fixes(reparar)

    2.- Si un verbo termina en y precedido por una consonante, cambiamos la y por i y a

    continuacin aadimoses.

    Ejemplos: I study-> she studies(estudiar) I cry-> she cries (llorar)

    Observe que estas reglas ortogrficas son las mismas que se aplican para formar los

    sustantivos en plural.

    EJERCICIO 14

    I. COLOQUE LOS SIGUIENTES VERBOS CON LOS CAMBIOS ORTOGRAFICOSPARA LAS TERCERAS PERSONAS

    sing

    pass

    mix

    flyread

    relax

    understand

    do

    play

    cry

    have

    carry

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    study

    swim

    go

    II. OBSERVE LOS CUADROS Y ESCRIBA ORACIONES COMPLETAS (SUJETO +VERBO + COMPLEMENTO) EN EL PRESENTE SIMPLE. LAS RESPUESTASPUEDEN VARIAR PORQUE ESTAS DEPENDEN DE SU CREATIVIDAD.Ejemplo:

    a. They cook a delicious soup. b. He_________________ c. Sofia_______________

    d. They_________________ e. She_________________ f. She________________

    g. The boy_______________ h. The girl______________ I. The man__________

    III. UNA LAS SIGUIENTES EXPRESIONES DE TAL MANERA QUE LA ORACION

    TENGA SENTIDO

    a. She watches ______ 1. a car every day.b. I brush ______ 2. in a bank.c. They read ______ 3. tight clothes.d. We listen to ______ 4. computers on the weekends.e. He drives ______ 5. the radio in the morning.f. I wear ______6. soccer in a national team.g. He plays ______ 7. the newspaper.

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    h. Sue works ______ 8. my teeth three times a day.i. Sam fixes ______ 9. milk for breakfast.

    j. They drink ______ 10. T.V. once a while.

    IV. ORDENE LAS SIGUIENTES FRASES PARA FORMAR ORACIONESAFIRMATIVAS. INCLUYA LA -S OES SI ES NECESARIO.

    a. ( two children/ Robert/ have)

    ___________________________________________________________________

    b. (play / with a ball/ my dog)

    ____________________________________________________________________

    c. (Katys parents / vegetables / sell)

    ____________________________________________________________________

    d. (read/ science fiction books/ my daughter)

    ____________________________________________________________________

    e. ( go / to the park / Adele/ on the weekends)

    ___________________________________________________________________

    f. ( Alexandra and Tom/ on Saturdays/ buy / organic food)

    ____________________________________________________________________

    g. ( love / Brians / carrots and apples/ horse)

    ___________________________________________________________________

    h. ( take / I / a shower / every day)

    ____________________________________________________________________

    i. ( friends / Brendas/ near/ live)

    ____________________________________________________________________

    j. ( interesting / write/ Isabel/ novels)

    ____________________________________________________________________

    V. SELECCIONE UNO DE LOS VERBOS QUE SE ENCUENTRAN EN EL CASILLEROY COLQUELO EN LA ORACION CORRECTA. RECUERDE AADIR LAS OESSI SE TRATA DE UNA TERCERA PERSONA.like start hate sleep eat do swim wash speak rain

    a. Rachel ___________ the dishes once a week.

    b. It ________ a lot this time of the year.c. I never _________ fast food.

    d. Lucy works at a hotel. She _________ work at 5:00 a.m.

    e. They _______ French very well because they lived in France for a long time.

    f. Arthur ________ his homework at night because he has a part-time job.

    g. I _________ rats because they are dirty.

    h. My son usually goes to bed early. He ________ at 7:00 p.m.

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    i. We_________ horror films. In fact, we love them.

    j. She _________ in the pool twice a week.

    VI. COLOQUE UNA () EN LA ORACION CORRECTA Y UNA (X) EN LA ORACION

    INCORRECTA.1. a. Andrea come from Mexico.

    b. Andrea comes from Mexico.

    2. a. She is married.

    b. She does married.

    3. a. They live in Canada.

    b. They lives in Canada.

    4. a. Joe haves a daughter.

    b. Joe has a daughter.

    5. a. My children study hard.b. My children studies hard.

    6. a. Roy plaies with his toys.

    b. Roy plays with his toys.

    7. a. Samuel and Robert study hard for their exams.

    b. Samuel and Robert studies hard for their exams.

    8. a. My dogs like their food.

    b. My dogs likes their food.

    9. a. Anthonys parents wash their car on the weekends.

    b. Anthonys parents washes their car on the weekends.10. a. Christians best friend love dogs.

    b. Christians best friend loves dogs.

    VII. ESCRIBA ORACIONES SOBRE USTED CON LOS SIGUIENTES VERBOS, SI

    USTED NO CONOCE EL SIGNIFICADO DE DICHOS VERBOS, CONSULTELOS EN EL

    DICCIONARIO.

    a. I like______________________________________________

    b. I dislike ___________________________________________

    c. I love ____________________________________________d. I hate ____________________________________________

    e. I prefer ___________________________________________

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    ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY/ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA

    Estos adverbios generalmente se utilizan con oraciones en el presente simple y sirven paraindicar la frecuencia de una accin.

    ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

    Always

    Usually

    They Often takea bus to go to

    school.

    Sometimes

    Seldom

    Never

    always: siempre usually: usualmente often: a menudo sometimes: a vecesseldom: rara vez never: nunca

    Dichos adverbios siempre van antes de un verbo excepto del verbo to be.

    Ejemplos:

    She never cooks on the weekends. (Ella nunca cocina los fines de semana.)

    * f. a. + verbThey usually play soccer with their friends. (Ellos usualmente juegan ftbol con sus amigos.)

    f.a. + verb

    Excepcin:They are always on time. (Ellos siempre estn a tiempo)

    verb to be + f.a

    Importante: Al usar never no se puede incluir el auxiliar dont o doesnt

    Ejemplo:Liz doesnt never go to the disco. (incorrecto)

    Liz never goes to the disco. ( correcto)*frequency adverb: f.a.

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    ADVERBS OF TIME

    reads the newspaper every day.

    He takes a shower once a week.

    goes to the park twice a month.three times a year.

    every: cada twice a: dos veces poronce a: una vez por three times a: tres veces por

    Los adverbios de tiempo tambin indican la frecuencia de una accin; sin embargo, estossiempre van al final de una oracin.Ejemplos:They go to the swimming pool twice a month. (Ellos van a la piscina dos veces al mes.)

    adverb of timeShe plays tennis every weekend. (Ella juega tenis cada fin de semana.)

    adverb of time

    How often? / Con qu frecuencia?

    Esta es una pregunta comnmente usada para preguntar sobre la periocidad de una accin.

    Ejemplo:

    How often do you go to the beach? ( Con qu frecuencia vas a la playa?)

    I sometimes go to the beach. (Yo voy a veces a la playa.)I go to the beach once a year. (Yo voy a la playa una vez al ao.)

    EJERCICIO 15

    I. COLOQUE LAS SIGUIENTES PALABRAS EN FORMA ORDENADA. INCLUYA LAS SI

    ES NECESARIO EN LAS TERCERAS PERSONAS (SHE/HE /IT)

    a. (never/ cook/ Clare/ on the weekends)

    _________________________________________________________b. ( usually/ Charlotte and Joshua/ to the cinema/ go to)

    _________________________________________________________c. ( twice a week/ Samuel/ his car/ wash)

    _________________________________________________________d. ( Patrick/ late/ to be / always)

    _________________________________________________________e. ( buy / Linda / clothes / three times a year)

    _________________________________________________________f. ( tennis / play / Sophia / sometimes)

    _________________________________________________________

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    II. RESPONDA LAS SIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS CON SU PROPIA RESPUESTA. UTILICE

    LOS ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA.

    1. How often do you take a shower? _______________________________

    2. How often does your best friend talk to you? __________________________

    3. How often do you wake up early? ___________________________________

    4. How often do you eat out? ________________________________________

    5. How often do you watch T.V? ______________________________________

    6. How often do you go to the disco? ___________________________________

    III. IDENTIFIQUE EL ERROR Y CORRJALO:

    1. I go sometimes to the disco. _______________________________

    2. They never are on time. _______________________________

    3. We cook one time a week. _______________________________

    4. She sometimes study French. _______________________________

    5. He doesnt never eats fast food. _______________________________

    OBJECT PRONOUNSEl pronombre de objeto sustituye al nombre y por lo general va despus de un verbo.

    Ejemplo:

    Richard loves (Katherine) Richard loves her. Richard la ama.

    Los pronombres de objeto son los siguientes:

    Lucy me ama a m.

    EJERCICIO 16

    I. COLOQUE LAS SIGUIENTES FRASES EN UNA FORMA ORDENADA

    SUJETO VERBO PRONOMBREDE OBJETO

    TRADUCCIN

    Lucy loves

    me a mi

    you a ti

    him a l

    her a ella

    it a t

    you a tius a nosotros

    them a ellos

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    a. ( helps / Lucy/ every day/ them)

    __________________________________________________

    b. (her/ Tony / likes / very much)

    __________________________________________________

    c. ( Bob/ it/ doesnt understand)__________________________________________________

    d. ( me/ calls/ my mum/ once a week)

    __________________________________________________

    e. ( on the weekends/ see/ him/ I )

    ___________________________________________________

    II. REEMPLACE EL NOMBRE QUE SE ENCUENTRA EN NEGRILLA CON ELPRONOMBRE DE OBJETO CORRECTO, OBSERVE EL CUADRO DE ARRIBA.

    a. Alice always invites Thomasto her house.

    ________________________________________________________

    b. Andrew likes pizzaa lot.

    ________________________________________________________

    c. Joseph visits Claudiaevery Friday.

    ________________________________________________________

    d. Richard doesnt know Charles and Victor.

    ________________________________________________________

    e. I lovemy chi ldren.

    ________________________________________________________

    III. ENCUENTRE EL ERROR EN LA ORACION Y CORRIJA LA PALABRA.

    1. Peter likes their. ______________________________

    2. Margaret sends his some letters. _____________________________

    3. Tina gives I money. ______________________________

    4. Andrea helps we with our homework. _____________________________

    5. Homer doesnt understand your. _______________________________

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    UNIT FIVESIMPLE PRESENT

    NEGATIVE SENTENCES/ ORACIONES NEGATIVAS

    Para formar las oraciones negativas en el presente simple se necesita del auxiliar dont odoesntantes del verbo.

    A continuacin revisemos el siguiente cuadro:

    PRESENTE SIMPLE: ORACIONESNEGATIVAS

    Ido not don't

    work.

    You

    He

    does not doesn'tShe

    It

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    We

    do not don'tYou

    They

    I dont work. (Yo no trabajo)

    Observe que al usar: I, you, we, they utilizamos el auxiliar dont + verbo.

    Ejemplo:I do not have a son. = I dont have a son. (Yo no tengo un hijo.)

    Mientras que al usar he, she o it utilizamos el auxiliar doesnt + la forma base delverbo (sin aadir las). As, entonces tenemos:

    Oracin afirmativa: She works in a bank. (Ella trabaja en un banco)Oracin negativa:She doesnt workin a bank. (Ella no trabaja en un banco)

    QUESTIONS / PREGUNTAS

    Yes/ no Questions/ Preguntas de si/no

    Para formar preguntas, se debe usar auxiliares. DO y DOES son los auxiliares que se usan

    en presente simple y, como en los negativos, DOES es solamente para la tercera persona.

    En el siguiente cuadro, podr observar que lo nico que se hace para formar una pregunta

    en el presente simple en ingls es aadir el auxiliar correspondiente al frente del sujeto. El

    verbo de la tercera persona (HE, SHE, IT) va en su forma bsica, no se debe aadir la scomo en las oraciones afirmativas.

    AUXILIARY SUBJECTPRONOUN

    VERB COMPLEMENT SHORT ANSWERS

    Do I work in a supermarket? Yes, you do/ No, you dont.

    Do you work 8 hours a day? Yes, I do/ No, I dont

    Does he work in a project? Yes, he does/ No, he doesnt

    Does she work for my father? Yes, she does/ No, she

    sntDoes it work hard? Yes, it does./ No, it doesnt

    Do we work for UNESCO? Yes, you do / No, you dont

    Do you work hard to earn good money? Yes, we do / No, we dont

    Do they work in a factory? Yes, they do/ No, they dont

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    Information Questions/ Preguntas Informativas

    Preguntas de informacin quieren decir el tipo de preguntas que se hacen para obtener algn

    tipo de informacin especfica, no solamente si o no como las preguntas estudiadas

    anteriormente. Para realizar este tipo de pregunta es necesario saber el significado de las

    palabras que nos permiten realizarlas:

    WHAT quWHERE dndeWHERE FROM de dndeWHEN cundoWHICH cul/ culesWHY por quHOW cmoHOW OLD cuntos aos

    HOW OFTEN con qu frecuenciaWHAT TIME qu hora/ a qu hora

    Observe el siguiente cuadro:

    QUESTIONWORD

    AUXILIARY SUBJECTPRONOUNS

    VERB COMPLEMENT ANSWER

    What t ime do I start school? at 8!

    Where do you havelunch

    every day? at the cafeteria

    Why does he arrive late every day? I don't know.

    How often does she go to the gym? every Saturday.

    Who does it come with? his owner.

    When do we take the final exams? next week.

    What do you buy for Christmas? presents foreverybody.

    How do they come to school? by car.

    Como se puede dar cuenta, para la pregunta informativa tambin se usan auxiliares en lamisma posicin y lo nico que se hace es aadir las palabras interrogativas al inicio de lamisma.Mire el siguiente ejemplo:The chi ldren play s occ er in the park every day at 7 p.m.

    Si quisiera preguntar, qu juegan los nios:What do the children play?Si la pregunta es con qu frecuencia juegan futbol los niosHow often do the children play soccer?

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    Si quisiera preguntar a qu hora juegan los nios futbol:What time do the children play soccer?

    Mire el siguiente ejemplo:

    Lady Gaga sings in enormou s usual ly at night .

    Si quisiera preguntar en dnde canta Lady Gaga:Where does Lady Gaga sing?

    A qu hora usualmente canta:What time does she usually sing?

    EJERCICIO 17

    I. CON EL MISMO VERBO DE LA PRIMERA ORACIN COMPLETE LA SEGUNDAORACIN PERO EN FORMA NEGATIVA.

    1. He likes to go Shopping but she ____________ to drive to the mall.

    2. She creates very interesting works of art. He ___________ anything interesting.

    3. They enjoy playing tennis with their children but the other couple ___________ it.4. She likes to wear leather clothes but her daughter ___________ it.

    5. She drives a brand new car. Her brother ___________ one.

    II. TRANSFORME LAS SIGUENTES ORACIONES A NEGATIVAS.

    1. She writes for an important newspaper. _______________________________.2. They come to classes on Saturdays._________________________________.3. In the afternoon my boss has a sandwich. _____________________________.4. Her parents still give her Money. ____________________________________.5. I agree with you. __________________________________________________.6. This secretary types a lot of letters. ___________________________________.

    7. My children speak three languages. __________________________________8. George pays the bills every Friday. _________________________________9. His cousin does his homework in the evenings. __________________________10. Albert and Thomas play soccer very well. ____________________________

    III. DE LA SIGUIENTE ORACIN, ESCRIBA LA ORACIN NEGATIVA, PREGUNTA DE SI YNO Y PREGUNTAS PARA QUE LAS PALABRAS SUBRAYADAS SEAN LA RESPUESTA.

    Ejemplo:

    He cleans his house every weekend after lunch.Oracin Negativa: He doesnt clean his house every day after lunch.Pregunta de Si y No: Does he clean his house every day after lunch?

    Pregunta/ respuesta, his house: What does he clean every weekend after lunch?Pregunta/ respuesta, every weekend: How often does he clean his house?

    1. Peter comes to school after work.

    Oracin Negativa: _____________________________________________

    Pregunta de si y no: ____________________________________________

    Pregunta/ respuesta: to school:________________________________________

    Pregunta/ respuesta: after work:_______________________________________

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    2. Karinas children go to the movies on the weekend.Oracin Negativa: ___________________________________________

    Pregunta de si y no: _______________________________________

    Pregunta/ respuesta: to the movies: ____________________________________

    Pregunta/ respuesta: on the weekend: ___________________________________

    3. My father feeds the dog in the mornings.Oracin Negativa: ___________________________________________

    Pregunta de si y no: _______________________________________

    Pregunta/ respuesta: the dog: ______________________________________

    Pregunta/ respuesta: in the mornings:___________________________________

    4. The secretary types four of letters every day.Oracin Negativa: ___________________________________________

    Pregunta de si y no: ______________________________________

    Pregunta/ respuesta: four ___________________________________________

    Pregunta/ respuesta: every day: ________________________________________

    5. Sarah wakes up at 9:00 a.m on the weekends.

    Oracin Negativa: __________________________________________________

    Pregunta de si y no: _________________________________________________

    Pregunta/ respuesta: 9:00 a.m _________________________________________

    Pregunta/ respuesta: on the weekends. __________________________________

    6. He works on the weekends because he needs money to pay his car.

    Oracin Negativa: ___________________________________________________

    Pregunta de si y no: _________________________________________________

    Pregunta/ respuesta: on the weekends___________________________________

    Pregunta/ respuesta: because he needs money to pay his car ________________

    __________________________________________________________________

    IV. ANTES DE REALIZAR ESTE EJERCICIO REVISE LA UNIDAD CINCO. COMPLETE LASSIGUIENTES ORACIONES CON LA FORMA CORRECTA DEL VERBO ENTREPARNTESIS.

    1. Patrick ____________ (want) to come with us on our trip.

    2. Mary ___________ (not travel) to her hometown every weekend.

    3. _______ your parents _________ (cook) dinner together every day?

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    4. Every Saturday the students _________ (come) to school.

    5. _________Carla _________ (live) with her daughter in a small apartment?

    6. _______ you _______( work) on the weekends?

    7. If you want to be healthy, you ___________ (need) to drink a lot of water.

    8. Jennifer _________ (not like) to plan her vacations.9. The bank and the store next to my house __________ (close) at 5 p.m.

    10. _______ your sister __________ (do) her homework very late at night?

    VERBS AS A COMPLEMENT, AND,BUT, SO, BECAUSE

    Las siguientes conjunciones (and, but, so, because) sirven para conectar ideas. A

    continuacin detallaremos cada una de ellas.

    AND: Une dos ideas que se encuentran relacionadas:

    Ejemplo: I like tea and she likes coffee. (A m me gusta el t y a ella le gusta el caf)

    BUT:Une una idea positiva y una negativa.

    Ejemplo: I like soccer, but I dont like tennis. (Me gusta el ftbol perono me gusta el

    tennis.)

    SO: Expresa un resultado

    Ejemplo: I need money so I have to go to the bank. ( Necesito dinero , por lo tanto,tengo que ir al banco)

    BECAUSE:Expresa una razn.

    Ejemplo: I study because I want to have a good exam. ( Estudio porque quiero

    tener un buen examen)

    EJERCICIO 18

    I. COLOQUE BUTO SO EN LOS SIGUIENTES ESPACIOS, SELECCIONE LACONJUNCION QUE DE SENTIDO A LA ORACION

    1. She usually studies hard,

    2. She is British

    ___ she doesnt understand.___ she is learning a lot.

    ___ she speaks English.___ she lives in Portugal.

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    3. He is a doctor

    4. She plays soccer

    5. Sarah loves apples

    II. COLOQUE AND, BUT,SOO BECAUSE EN LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES

    a. I need to study _________ I have an exam tomorrow.

    b. She lives in France ______ she doesnt speak French very well.c. They play golf ______ tennis.

    d. Andrea knows how to cook______ she can prepare dinner tonight.

    e. Matthew goes jogging every day, _______ he is in good shape.

    III. COMPLETE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES:

    a. My brother studies Japanese because __________________________

    b. I am very busy so ___________________________________________

    c. Sally doesnt like broccoli, but________________________________

    d. I want to go to Egypt, but ________________________________

    e. I like dogs so _________________________________

    ___ he works in a hospital.___ he doesnt like his job.

    ___ she goes to the stadium very often.___ she doesnt like basketball.

    ___ she doesnt like oranges.___ she drinks apple juice a lot .

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    RESPUESTA DE LOS EJERCICIOS

    UNIT ONEEJERCICIO 1

    I. 1. am2. is3. is4. is5. are6. is7. is8. is

    II.1. She is from Venezuela.2. It is cold today.3. I am thirty years old.4. Her name is Jennifer.5. My homework is very difficult.

    III.Las siguientes respuestas es de un sujeto X, las respuestas que Ud. escribi deben estarrelacionadas a Ud.

    1. I am twenty five years old.2. I am an engineer.3. I am tall and handsome.4. I am in my bedroom.5. I am from Tulcn.

    EJERCICIO 2I.

    1. The car isnt in the garage.2. Im not an assistant.3. Karina isnt my friend.4. The teachers arent late.5. It isnt my book.

    II.1. Im not a doctor.2. Im not 40 years old.3. Im not lazy.4. Im not Colombian.

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    5. Im not in class.

    EJERCICIO 3I.

    1. Carmen isnt my mother.Is Carmen your mother?

    Yes, she is/ No, she isnt2. His house isnt far away.Is his house far away?Yes, it is/ No, it isnt

    3. The flowers arent beautiful.Are the flowers beautiful?Yes, they are/ No, they arent

    4. Im not a successful student.Are you a successful student?Yes, I am/ No, Im not

    II.1. Are you Peruvian?2. Are you a student?3. Are you thirty years old?4. Is your mother Ecuadorian?5. Is your university good?

    III. Dependiendo de su realidad, las repuestas pueden ser:1. Yes, I am/ No, Im not.2. Yes, I am/ No, Im not.3. Yes, I am/ No, Im not.4. Yes, he is/ No, he isnt.

    EJERCICIO 4I.

    A ANelephant

    exampleorangeauntumbrellaaccountanteraserarchitectappleidea

    job

    horsepencildictionaryrosehousewifeteachercomputerpen

    II.1. a2. the3. a

    4. the5. an6. the

    III.a. anb. anc. athed. ae. anf. an

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    g. ah. ani. anthe

    j. an - the

    EJERCICIO 5

    I. a. miceb. peoplec. geesed. feete. oxen

    II.1. flowers2. dishes3. doors4. bushes5. tomatoes6. wives7. dog8. chairs9. babies10. folders

    III.a. childrenb. boxc. busd. peoplee. micef. countriesg. tomatoesh. watchi. glasses

    j. church

    UNIT TWO

    EJERCICIO 6I.

    1. c2. a3. b4. a5. c6. c

    7. b8. c9. b10. c

    II.1. Is the answer in the book?

    Where is the answer?2. Are your friends good professionals?

    What are your friends?3. Is the secretary efficient?

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    How is the secretary?4. Is it 9:30 a.m?

    What time is it?5. Is Sophia in Argentina?

    Where is Sophia?6. Is that man your brother?

    Who is that man?7. Is Valentines Day on February 14th?When is Valentines Day?

    8. Is Samantha from Brazil?Where is Samantha from?

    9. Is Christian eighteen years old?How old is Christian?

    10. Are you happy because your dog is better?Why are you happy?

    EJERCICIO 7I.1. my2. her3. their4. our5. his

    II.1. her2. our3. his4. their5. its6. his7. her8. your

    9. its10. my

    III.1. his2. his wife3. their phone number4. her name5. my keys

    EJERCICIO 8I.1. a

    2. b3. b4. a5. c

    II.1. Mr. Browns car2. My cousins house3. My parents business4. The door of the car

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    5. Tinas children

    III.1. Kens suit2. the window of the classroom3. Mrs. Clarks son

    4. my brothers birthday5. the students books

    EJERCICIO 9I.1. yours2. hers3. theirs4. mine5. his6. yours7. ours8. hers9. theirs10. ours

    II.POSSESSIVE CASES POSSESSIVE

    ADJECTIVESPOSSESSIVEPRONOUNS

    Its Susans cat. It is her cat. It is hers.Its Kevins computer. It is his computer. It is his.Those are John andCarlas books.

    Those are their books. Those books aretheirs.

    These are Tinasdresses.

    These are her dresses. These dresses arehers.

    Thats the dogs food. That is its food. That food is its.They are Sofiaspencils.

    They are her pencils. They are hers.

    III.1. their2. her3. theirs4. hers5. its6. her7. his8. mine9. theirs

    10. his

    EJERCICIO 10I.a. whoseb. Whoc. Whosed. Whoe. WhoseII.

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    a. Whose pens are those?b. Whose dress is that?c. Whose shoes are they?d. Whose books are they?e. Whose suit is it?III.

    1. It is Roses car.2. It is Richards radio.3. It is Susans computer4. It is Stevens pen.5. They are the childrens crayons6. They are these students erasers.7. They are Peters gloves.8. They are Roy and Sues bags.9. They are the girls rings.10. It is my grandfathers watch.

    EJERCICIO 11I.a. Thoseb. Thatc. Thisd. Thesee. Thatf. Thisg. Thoseh. thesei. that

    j. thosek. thesel. those

    II.

    b. Those computers are oldc. These dictionaries are big.d. Those cars are new.e. These children are intelligent.f. Those countries are big.

    III.a. This candy is sweet.b. That picture is small.c. This person is kind.d. That desk is dirty.e. This knife is sharp.

    IV.a. thoseb. thesec. thosed. thise. that/this

    UNIT THREE

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    EJERCICIO 12I.1. - b. Are there2. - b. Is there3.- c. There arent4.- d. There is

    5.- a. There areII.1. There is2. There are3. There is4. There are5. There are6. There are

    III.1. Yes, there is2. Yes, there are.3. Yes, there is.4. No, there isnt.5. No, there arent.

    EJERCICIO 13I.1. The cat is under the table2. The tree is behind the house.3. The airplane is on the air.4. The old woman is in front of the piano.5. The cars are in the parking lot.6. The phone is on the table.7. The clock is on the wall.8. The sink is in the bathroom.

    9. The lamp is on the night table.10. The plant is next to the piano.11. Paul is in front of Anna.12. The cars are on the road.

    II.1. INCORRECT The cat is onthe table.2. CORRECT ( )3. INCORRECT The woman is in front of the computer.4. CORRECT ( )5. INCORRECT The pictures are on the wall.

    III.

    a. onb. inc. ind. one. on

    UNIT FOUR

    EJERCICIO 14

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    I.sing sings

    pass passes

    mix mixes

    fly flies

    read reads

    II. a. They cook a delicious soupb. He plays soccer.c. Sofia uses the computer.d. They wash a car.

    e. She cleans the windows.f. She sleeps on the bed.g. The boy drinks milk.h. The girl swims in the pool.i. The man reads the newspaper.

    III. e- 1h-2f-3i-4d-5g-6c-7b-8

    j-9a-10

    IV. a. Robert has two children.b. My dog plays with a ball.c. Katys parents sell vegetables.d. My daughter reads science fiction books.e. Adele goes to the park on weekends.f. Alexandra and Tom buy organic food on Saturdays.g. Brians horse loves carrots and apples. h. I take a shower every day.i. Brendas friends live near.

    j. Isabel writes interesting novels.

    V.a. washesb. rainsc. eatd. startse. speakf. doesg. hateh. sleeps

    do doesplay playscry crieshave hascarry

    carries

    relax relaxesunderstand understands

    study studiesswim swimsgo goes

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    i. likej. swims

    VI. LAS RESPUESTAS CORRECTAS SON:1.b2. a

    3. a4.b5. a6. b7. a8.a9. a10. b

    VII. LAS RESPUESTAS PUEDEN VARIARa. I like working hereb. I dislike broccoli.c. I love French fries.d. I hate rats.e. I prefer coffee.

    EJERCICIO 15I.1. Clare never cooks on the weekends.2. Charlotte and Joshua usually go to the cinema.3. Samuel washes his car twice a week.4. Patrick is always late.5. Sophia sometimes plays tennis.

    II.

    Las respuestas van a variar. Posibles respuestas.

    1. I always take a shower.2. He talks to me every weekend.3. I usually wake up early.4. I eat out every weekend.5. I watch T.V. three times a week.6. I go to the disco once a month.

    III. IDENTIFIQUE EL ERROR Y CORRJALO:1. I sometimes go to the disco.2. They are never on time.3. We cook oncea week.4. She sometimes studiesFrench.

    5. He never eatsfast food.

    EJERCICIO 16

    I.1. Lucy helps them every day.2. Tony likes her very much.3. Bob doesnt understand it.4. My mum calls me once a week.5. I see him on the weekends.

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    II.a. Alice always invites h imto her house.b. Andrew likes i t a lot.c. Joseph visits herevery Friday.d. Richard doesnt know them.

    e. I love them.III.1. Peter likes them.2. Margaret sends h imsome letters.3. Tina gives memoney.4. Andrea helps uswith our homework.5. Homer doesnt understand you .

    UNIT FIVE

    EJERCICIO 17I.

    1. doesnt like2. doesnt create3. dont enjoy4. doesnt like5. doesnt driveII.1. She doesnt write for an important newspaper.2. They dont come to classes on Saturdays.3. In the afternoon my boss doesnt have a sandwich.4. Her parents dont give her money.5. I dont agree with you.6. This secretary doesnt type a lot of letters.7. My children dont speak three languages.

    8. George doesnt pay the bills every Friday.9. His cousin doesnt do his homework in the evenings.10. Albert and Thomas dont play soccer very well.

    III.1. Peter doesnt come to school after work.

    Does Peter come to school after work?Where does Peter come after work?When does Peter come to school?

    2. Karinas children dont go to the movies on the weekend.Do Karinas children go to the movies on the weekend?Where do Karinas children go on the weekend?When do Karinas children go to the movies?

    3. My father doesnt feed the dog in the mornings.Does your father feed the dog in the mornings?What/ Who does your father feed in the mornings?When does your father feed the dog?

    4. The secretary doesnt type a lot of letters every day.Does the secretary type a lot of letters every day?How many letters does the secretary type every day?

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    How often does the secretary type a lot of letters?

    5. Sarah doesnt wake up at 9:00 a.m on the weekends.Does Sarah wake up at 9:00 a.m. on the weekends?What time does Sarah wake up on the weekends?When does Sarah wake up at 9:00 a.m.?

    6. He doesnt work on the weekends because he doesnt need money to pay his car.Does he work on the weekends because he needs money to pay his car?When does he work?Why does he work?

    IV.1. wants2 doesnt travel3. Do - cook4. come5. Does- live6. Do - work7. need8. doesnt like9. close10. Doesdo

    EJERCICIO 18I.1. but

    so2. so

    but3. so

    but4. so

    but5. but

    so

    II.a. becauseb. butc. andd. soe. so

    III. LAS RESPUESTAS PUEDEN VARIAR. POSIBLES RESPUESTAS.

    a. because he wants to go to Japan.b. so I cant go to the cinemac. but she likes lettuced. but I dont have money.e. so I have one at home