fon 241 principles of human nutrition; l. zienkewicz hunger and the global environment copyright...
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FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Hunger And The Global Environment
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson LearningCopyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Chapter 20
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Imagine:
• You often go hungry.
• Your children say they’re hungry but you know there’s not enough food in the house.
• Your children go to bed hungry and dream of food.
• You frequently skip meals because you lack food, money transportation and kitchen appliances.
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Hunger Facts:
• 1 in every 5 people worldwide experiences persistent hunger.
• One person dies of starvation every 2 seconds.
• In the U.S.: 36 million people; 1 out of every 5 children, lives in poverty
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Food insecurity: The limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods
Food poverty: Hunger occurring when there is enough food in an area but cannot be obtained due to a lack of money, deprivation, war or other problems
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Hunger In The United States
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson LearningCopyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Food Assistance
• 1 out of every 6 Americans receives food assistance of some kind.
• Total cost: $40 billion/ year
• Still, the hunger problem is not solved.
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Federal Food Assistance Programs
1. WIC (Women Infants and Children)
2. The School Lunch Program; Breakfast and Childcare
3. Food Assistance for Older Adults; Meals on Wheels
4. The Food Stamp Program
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
National Food Recovery Programs
• Second Harvest: coordinates food pantries and emergency kitchens.
• Local food banks
• Community efforts:– Depend on volunteers– Serve the homeless, people in need,
etc.
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Hunger HotspotsNote: Areas with stripes of color have multiple causes of hunger.
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Food Waste• 96 billion pounds of food waste
in the U.S/year
• 27% of the food produced is wasted
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Worldwide Food Shortages
Famine: Extreme food shortage in an area that causes widespread starvation and death.
Causes- 1. Political reasons 2. Armed conflict (war) 3. Natural Disasters
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Global Malnutrition• Approximately 2 billion people
are malnourished
• Mostly lacking in iron, iodine, Vitamin A and protein/ calorie malnutrition
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
In-text Figure Page 699
International efforts help to relieve hunger andpoverty in Afghanistan and around the world.
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Overpopulation
• 6 billion (estimated) people live on Earth
• 90 million people are born each year
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
World Population Growth
Mid-decade totals and projections
Bill
ion
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Years needed for the world’s population to
reach its:1st Billion 2,000,000 years2nd Billion 105 years3rd Billion 30 years4th Billion 15 years5th Billion 12 years6th Billion 11 years
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Questions:
Why is it that malnutrition is such a worldwide problem when we have an ample food supply?
What will happen in the future?
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
The Cycle… The Problem?
• Population growth leads to hunger and poverty.
• Hunger and poverty lead to population growth.
How can we stop this cycle?
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Poverty, Overpopulation, and Environmental Degradation
Populationgrowth—childrenneededto gatherresources
Environmentaldegradation—resources dwindleas the number ofpeople needingfood grows
HungerPoverty
The interactions of poverty, overpopulation, and environmental degradation worsen hunger.
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Environmental Limitations
• Soil erosion, compaction and salinization
• Deforestation and desertification due to overgrazing
• Climate changes due to forest destruction
• Water pollution
• Extensive overgrazing
• Overfishing
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
In-text Figure Page 702
Without water, croplands become deserts.
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
In-text Figure Page 708
Progress toward Sustainable Food Production
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Solutions?…
1. Increase economic growth: sustainable development
2. Slow population growth: decrease the number of children in families
3. Make changes at home…
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Locally grown foods offer benefits to both the local economy and the global environment.
FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz
Questions to think about:
• What is the earth’s carrying capacity?
• Will the population outgrow the food supply?