1. The human population is about to reach ____________________.

2. Food energy is measured in _____________________.

3. Define malnutrition -

a. What is undernutrition?

i. How many calories per day are needed to survive?

b. What is overnutrition?

Major Food Sources

Nutrient Composition Sources Energy Yield Function

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

4. How many people in the world are considered undernourished?

a. What percentage is this?

b. Most of these people are in ( developing / developed ) countries.

c. In theory, how many calories are available to everyone in the world?

d. If this is true, why are there people starving in the world?

5. Based on the map, name three countries that have a high percentage of undernourished in their population.

a.

b.

c.

6. What country has the highest rate of overweight adults?

a. What might be a reason for this?

7. The most common type of malnutrition in the world is __________ deficiency.

a. What disease is caused by this?

b. What are the main symptoms of this malnutrition?

c. What are three good sources of iron?

i.

ii.

iii.

8. Where is iodine deficiency usually found?

a. Why is iodine a required nutrient?

b. Give two symptoms of iodine deficiency:

i.

ii.

c. What is a good source of iodine?

9. Define famine –

10. What is the single biggest cause of famines?

11. What are the other two main causes?

12. Give two main drawbacks to giving foreign assistance to these countries.

13. What three crops deliver the majority of the world’s nutrients? _____________________

a. What is the main nutrient for the world? ( Carbohydrates / Lipids / Proteins )

b. Why are the main food staples all plants?

Meat and Dairy

14. Meat and dairy products are all high in _______________________________, and all

come from ____________________.

15. As incomes rise in developing countries, how do their food choices change?

a. Where does most of the meat and dairy production occur?

16. How much grain is required to produce one pound of meat?

Seafood

17. Which countries tend to rely on seafood the most?

18. How much has the annual catch of ocean fish increased since 1958?

19. Many areas of the ocean are so ___________________ that large-scale fishing is

_______________________.

20. How is most of the seafood now produced?

Food Consumption Differences

21. Compare the school lunches of the countries shown.

Country Protein Carbohydrate Vegetable Calories Cost

United States

Russia

Japan

22. Give the world food production for each of these food staples:

Food Staple Production (in metric tons)

Wheat

Corn

Rice

Potatoes

Soybeans

Beans

Fish

Beef

Pork

Poultry

23. What are the two key differences between the calorie supply in developed and developing countries?

Factory Farming

24. Describe industrialized agriculture –

a. What resources does industrialized agriculture use?

25. How is most of the plant-based food grown?

a. What is a monoculture?

26. What is the Green Revolution ?

27. Summarize the three major changes in food production associated with the Green Revolution:

a.

b.

c.

28. What effect has the green revolution had on food prices?

a. Americans spend about ____________ of their budget on food.

Other Agricultural Resources

29. Agriculture is the single biggest water use in the world. ( True / False )

30. Most irrigation systems are ________________.

a. What percent of water used for irrigation reaches the plant roots?

b. Where does the rest go?

c. How do the main types of irrigation systems work?

i. Overhead sprinkler –

ii. Underground drip –

d. Which is the most efficient system?

31. What three plant nutrients limit plant growth the most?

32. What effect does adding fertilizer have on plants?

33. How much has fertilizer use increased in the last 50 years?

34. Adding fertilizer and manure replenishes______________________________________

___________________________________________________________________.

35. What are possible problems with fertilizer?

36. Energy use in agriculture has risen for two reasons:

a. ____________________________________________

b. ____________________________________________

37. What percent of total energy use in the U.S. does agriculture use?

a. Most foods require ( more / less ) energy to _______________,

___________________, and ___________________ than we yield from them.

38. Define biological pests -

a. Examples:

39. Define pesticides -

a. How much of the crop yield could be lost if pesticides were not used?

40. What is the big downside of using pesticides?

41. Define organic foods -

42. Name four fruits/vegetables that have a high risk of carrying pesticide residue:

a.

b.

c.

d.

43. Name the top three fruits/vegetables that have a low risk of carrying pesticide residue:

a.

b.

c.

d. Factory Farming and Lifestock

44. As industrialized agriculture has become more commonplace, what type of farming is now hardly in use?

Dairy Cows and Veal

45. What is special about dairy cow breeds?

46. How are most dairy cows raised?

47. When do cows produce milk, and for how long?

a. What must be done to ensure the cows continuously produce milk?

b. If only female cows can be used for milk production, what happens to the male calves?

48. What is the main advantage of raising dairy cattle indoors?

a. How often do these cows usually leave their pens?

49. What is the main disadvantage of raising dairy cattle indoors?

a. What causes this disadvantage?

b. What is done to prevent this?

50. What is BGH?

a. Why is it injected into some dairy cattle?

51. What is pasteurization of milk?

a. How long can pasteurized milk stay safe to drink?

b. What is a problem with pasteurization?

52. What can happen if antibiotics are overused?

53. Give three ways the cows are affected by BGH:

a.

b.

c.

54. Give two ways the milk is affected by BGH:

55. What effect has antibiotic overuse had on penicillin and amoxicillin?

56. Veal is a much lighter-colored meat that comes from baby cows. How is the meat made that color?

a.

b.

Layer Hens and Egg Production

57. How are most layer hens raised?

58. How large are the cages?

59. What effect does the restricted movement have on the behavior of the hens?

a. How is this behavior prevented?

60. When the chicks are hatched, how are they sorted?

61. Why are the hens exposed to constant light?

62. How long is a hen expected to produce eggs?

a. What happens when they get past this age?

63. Are antibiotics or growth hormones used in poultry?

Broiler Hens

64. What are broiler hens?

a. How are they physically different than layer hens?

65. How are broiler hens raised differently than layer hens?

66. How long before the hens are large enough for slaughter?

Pigs

67. What two physical problems are pigs prone to?

68. How are they raised to prevent these problems?

69. Why are their tails usually cut off?

Slaughter70. Describe the three basic steps involved in pig and cattle slaughter:

a.

b.

c.

71. Describe the three basic steps involved in poultry slaughter:a.

b.

c.

72. How is Kosher and Halal slaughter different?

73. What two types of environments are pigs and cattle usually raised in?

a. What is the single biggest problem with this setup?

74. How long are most of the cattle raised?

75. What are the legal requirements for slaughter?

76. Define the three alternatives for pork and beef production:

a. Pastured –

b. Organic –

c. Kosher / Halal –

Food Additives

77. Describe how these two chemicals are used in beef processing:

a. Ammonia –

b. Carbon Monoxide -

Alternative Production Methods

78. Describe cage free –

79. Describe certified humane –

80. Describe free range –

81. Describe organic –

Soil

82. Define arable land –

83. Define soil -

84. Describe the two processes that create soil from rock:

a. Physical weathering –

b. Chemical weathering -

85. Describe each of the layers of soil in the diagram:

a. Surface litter –

b. Topsoil –

c. Subsoil –

d. Rock Particles –

e. Bedrock -

Land Degredation

86. Give estimates of how much land on Earth has been lost:

a. 3 million:

b. 4 million:

c. 8 million:

87. Look at the world map of land degradation. What are the two biggest causes?

88. Define desertification –

d. What are the two biggest causes?

89. Define erosion -

90. Erosion becomes a problem when _________________________________________.

91. Define each of these types of severe erosion:

a. Sheet erosion –

b. Rill erosion –

c. Gully erosion –

d. Streambank erosion –

92. Wind is especially powerful in _______________ or _____________________.

93. Wind erosion is worsened when these farming practices are used:

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

Sustainable Agriculture

94. Define contour plowing –

95. Define strip farming –

96. Define terracing –

97. The most erosion occurs in fields that are _____________.

98. Three ways to minimize erosion in fields include:a.

b.

c.

99. Rank each of the cropping systems from most erosion to least:

a. ___________________________________

b. ___________________________________

c. ___________________________________

d. ___________________________________

e. ___________________________________

Genetically Modified Organisms

100.Define genetically modified organism (GMO) –

a. What is the biggest benefit of using GMOs?

b. What is the biggest drawback of using GMOs?

101.What percent of processed foods contain a GMO?

c. What are the main two GMO ingredients?

102.What percent of the soybean crop is genetically modified?

103.What percent of the cotton crop is genetically modified?

104.What percent of the corn crop is genetically modified?