Food and Ingredients

Content• Proteins

• Fats

• Carbohydrates

• Vitamins

• Minerals

• Water

• Artificial Additives

Proteins

What are proteins?

• Chains of amino acids

• 20 different kinds of amino acids

• Millions of different structures and connections could be constructed

• Needed to build new cells

Structure and compounds

• Primary (sedimentary) structure

• Secondary structure

• Tertiary structure

• Quaternary structure

Functions

• Construction material

• Transport function

• Structural function

• Constructional function

• Protection and prevention

• Proteins as enzymes

Protein-rich food

• Lentils ( contain 23,5% of proteins )

• Tuna, peas and Roquefort cheese ( 23%)

• Chicken breast( 22.8%)

• Cold turkey cut, cooked ham,

sardines in oil,…

Fats

What are fats?• Main nutrients

• Also called lipids

• Complex and simple lipids

• Animalistic and herbal substrates• Saturated fatty acids

• Unsaturated fatty acids

• multiple saturated fatty acids

Functions• Energy storage

• Build-up of cell membranes

• Flavour carrier

• Intake of fat-soluble vitamins

• A few fats:• Phospholipids

• Carotinoids

• Oils

Carbohydrates

What are carbohydrates?

• Basic modules of our organism

• Main nutrients

• Classification:• monosaccharides

• disaccharides

• polysaccharides

Functions

• Provide energy when deconstructed

• Storage of energy

• Energy resource

• Backup-function

• Are modules of substances defining blood types

Vitamins

What are vitamins?

• Essential to maintain bodily functions

• Not storable

• Already small amounts affect the body

• Two different kinds:– Water - soluble vitamins (e.g. Vit B, Vit

C)

– Fat - soluble vitamins (e.g. Vit A, Vit D)

Vitamins

• Fulfill different functions

• Can mostly be found in fruit and vegetables

• Deficiencies and overuse can cause diseases

– Exception: Surplus of water-soluble

vitamins can easily be exuded

Minerals

What are minerals?

• Inorganic substances

• Indestructible but leachable

• Only small amounts are needed

Funtions

• Construction material of teeth and bones

• Active substances – Protection of the nerv fibres

– Regulating the ph-value of the blood

Classification• Minerals are divided into two

categories through their consumed quantities:

– quantitative elements (like Calcium, Magnesium,…)

– trace elements (like Iron, Fluorine, Cobalt,…)

Water

• Water forms about 70% of the human body

• Water dissolves substances in cells

• Metabolic reactions stop without water

• Blood must contain a lot of water

• Substances are transported around the body

Artificial Additives

What are additives?

• Optical enhancements

• Harmful for the body over the years

Austrian Food Pyramid

The Austrian National Nutrition Action Plan - NAP

• Diversified and balanced

• Reduction of over-, under- and malnutrition

• reduction of the rising overweight and obesity rates by 2020

• main focus since 2011 is the school catering

• target groups: infants, children, juveniles

Thanks for attention