food chains and food webs
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Food Chains and Food Webs. What is a food chain?. A food chain is “a sequence of organisms, each of which uses the next, lower member of the sequence as a food source 1 ”. Let’s Look at a Food Chain. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Food Chains and Food Webs
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What is a food chain?• A food chain is “a sequence of organisms,
each of which uses the next, lower member of the sequence as a food source1”
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Let’s Lookat a
Food Chain• A food chain is a
simplified way to look at the energy that passes from producers to consumers.
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Important facts about food chains
• In a food chain each organism obtains energy from the one at the level below.
• Plants are called producers because they create their own food through photosynthesis3
• Animals are consumers because they cannot create their own food, they must eat plants or other animals to get the energy that they need.
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Producers
• Producers make their own food
• Green plants use energy from the sun to make food
• Producers are on the bottom of the food chain
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Primary Producers
• Primary producers are “organisms capable of producing their own food4”
• We can also say that they are photosynthetic, use light energy.
• Examples of primary producers include algae, phytoplankton, and large plants.
• Primary producers are eaten by primary consumers (herbivores)
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Primary Producers of NJ Marshes
http://www.nicerweb.com/doc/class/pix/PRAIRIE/2005_07_18/Typha_angustifolia.jpg
Cattails
Marsh
Mallo
w
http://www.ncdot.org/doh/Operations/dp_chief_eng/roadside/wildflowerbook/graphics/images/page14a.jpg
http://www.ontariowildflower.com/images/blueflag2.jpg
Blu
e Flag
Iris
http://wisplants.uwsp.edu/scripts/detail.asp?SpCode=THEPALvPUB
Marsh
Fern
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Consumers
• Consumers hunt, gather, and store food because they cannot make their own.
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Four types of consumers
• Herbivores: animals that eat only plants3
• Carnivores: animals that eat only other animals3.
• Omnivores: animals that eat animals and plants3.
• Detritivores: Animals that eat dead materials and organic wastes
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Other Ways to Classify Consumers
1. Primary Consumers: Herbivores3.
2. Secondary Consumers: Carnivores that eat herbivores3.
3. Tertiary Consumers: Carnivores that eat other carnivores3.
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Herbivores
• Animals who eat plants such as:–grasshoppers–rabbits–squirrels–deer–pandas
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Carnivores
• Animals who only eat other animals such as:–tigers–lions–hawks–wolves–cougars
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Omnivores
• Animals who eat both plants and animals such as:–humans–bears
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Primary Consumers in Marshes
Muskrat (eats mostly Cattails)
http://www.advancedwildlifecontrolllc.com/images/muskrat.jpg
http://wdfw.wa.gov/wlm/living/graphics/muskrat1.jpg
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Primary Consumers in Marshes
• Wood Duck eats seeds like those of the Swamp Marsh Mallow and Blue Flag Iris
http://dsf.chesco.org/ccparks/lib/ccparks/wood_duck_pair.jpg
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Primary Consumers in Marshes
• Glassy-winged Toothpick Grasshopper – eats leaves of plants like cattail and pickerelweed
http://bugguide.net/node/view/41662
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Secondary Consumers
• Black Rat Snake eats eggs of animals like wood duck
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/projects/tate/Terms.htm
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Secondary Consumers
• Swamp Sparrow eats seeds but also insects like the toothpick grasshopper
http://www.jeaniron.ca/2007/SwampSparrow6645.jpg
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Tertiary Consumers• Eat other animals in marsh including snake
and sparrow
www.audubon.org www.montereybay.com
Osprey
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Omnivore• Racoon eats seeds, fruits, insects, worms, fish,
and frogs… and pretty much anything else they can get their paws on!
http://abouttitusville.com/BobPaty/Animals/images/Racoon.jpg
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Detritivore
• Worms are common detritivores in many ecosystems including marshes
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Decomposers
• Microorganisms that are able to break down large molecules into smaller parts
• Decomposers return the nutrients that are in a living thing to the soil
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What is a food web?A food web is “an interlocking pattern of food chains2”
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What is a Food Web?• A more realistic way of looking at
the relationship of plants and animals in an environment
• Several food chains linked together• A predator from one food chain
may be linked to the prey of another food chain
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Food Webs
• How many food chains can you make from this food web?