[food processing] fisheries freshwater, aquaculture, shrimpfarming supply chain, upstream,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Prologue
syllabus of UPSC Mains (GS) topics in this article
(GS1) Distribution of key natural resourcesacross the world and India
just a brief table onEEZ
(GS2) Govern ent !olicies andinterventions for develo! ent in varioussectors
"o !rehensive#arine $ishin%&olicy' 2
(GS2) *elfare sche es for vulnerablesections of the !o!ulation
$isher en *elfareSche e
(GS+) $ood !rocessin% and relatedindustries in India,sco!e and si%nificance'location' u!strea and downstreare-uire ents' su!!ly chain ana%e ent.
/elated tofreshwater' saltwaterand shri !s.
later0 we ll see $ood !rocessin%3 &oultry' eat' tea' coffee' wine'edible oil.
Fisheries: Scope/significance
Ranking • India is the second lar%est !roducer of
fish in the world
G P contribution• 456 within GD& fro a%ri,allied sector.
• 4 .76 within total GD&.
!"port (#$%%&%#'ata) • Indian $ish e8!ort 9:+5 illion dollar
•
Indian eat e8!ort 4:+ illion
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dollar
• still' India s share in world e8!ort Isbarely .16 (for each fish and eatindividually)
Gi es e ploy entto ore than
• + fisher en villa%es
• 7 lakh fisher en fa ilies
• lakh fisher en
Top 5 fish producers
*op&+ Countries (#$$, 'ata) *op&+ States (#$%# 'ata)
1. "hina
2. India
+. &eru
. Indonesia
5. ;ietna
1. erala
5. ?a il @adu
So e stu!id nu bers fro econo ic survey
E8!ort (2 11,12data)
e8!ort (a!!ro8.#illion dollar)
India s share in worldtrade (a!!ro8.)
$ish + +6
#eat 2A 26
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Geographical a' antage:
"oast Bine ore than 71 k s
"ontinental Shelf 4half illion s-.k
E8clusive Econo ic Zone (EEZ) ore than 2 illion s-.k
C illions of hectares of !onds' tanks' rivers' reservoirs' canals'brackish water area.
!!- !"clusi e !cono ic -one?he EEZ of India can be further divided into the followin% re%ions0
.!S* C 0S*12#3F !!-
@orth*est Gujarat #aharashtra
South*est Goa' >arnataka >erala
!0S* C 0S*1#43F !!-
BowerEast
?a il @adu'
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1. #arine
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+. + 6 to 6 of the catch is discarded by fisher en in hi%h seasbecause juvenile fish who don t fetch %ood !rices in arketHresource lost.
. Durin% breedin% season' fishin% is banned in coastal waters. =utthe authorities don t enforce it strictly.
5. Back of surveillance of territorial watersH even outsiders(&akistani fisher en) do ille%al fishin% in our area.
. ?he EEZ around
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and $isheries.
• ?heir jurisdictionsMres!onsibilities are stillnot clearly defined
• /esult0 overla!!in%' lack of syner%y.
• $reshwater a-uaculture' contributed to theN=lue /evolution in the country in late1KA s. =ut not it is now al ost sta%natin%in ter s of yield rates.
M9R!G0
• $ish !roduction can be enhanced 2 to ti es by creatin% ore rainfed water bodiesvia #@/EG< labour. =ut this !otential islar%ely i%nored.
0 U0CU;*UR!
• $ish feed not available at reasonable
!rices.• #ost far ers are s allM ar%inal' don t
know best !ractices in cultivation' !ost,harvest ana%e ent for fish far in%.
• waste dis!osal done in hy%ienic annerHenviron ental i !lications
Shri p&far ing7Upstrea
• @ellor District'
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also diseased.
• If you i !ort the brooder stockHthere are nore%ulationM-uality checks Hinfected stockH9theshri !s thus %rown have variety ofdiseaseHrejected in SME for e8!ort.
• $or a-uacultureMshri ! culture' you need to%et a!!roval fro State fisheries De!art ent.=ut Fften' the state de!art ents take +,
onths to scrutini e docu entsH !rojecti !le entation delayed.
09*5
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7Processing
9 *0
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#ore than 1M+ rd of Indians eat fish but de and for P!rocessedfishQHli ited because
• Indian consu er !refer wet (fresh) fish rather than !rocessed
fish.• "ost of !rocessed fish !roductH 2 ,256 hi%her than fresh fish.
(due to indirect ta8es)
• Desi "onsu ers !refer to buy fresh fish fro wet arkets and!rocess it at ho e
• ?herefore' Indian fish !rocessin% se% entHentirely e8!ort,
oriented' due to lack of localMdo estic de and
59F;0*5 9
• $ish !rices ore than doubled durin% theEleventh &lan' a hi%her inflation than eithercro!s or any other livestock se% ent.
• ?his is ne%atively affectin% business andde and.
M0R>!*59G
• ?here is inade-uate awareness aboutnutritional benefits of fish.
• @eed arketin% ca !ai%n to increase desi,de and, showin% hy%ienic' healthy'consistent -uality of branded' !acka%ed fish
!roducts over the unhy%ienic acchi,arket.
R!*05;!RS
• Bar%e nu ber of retailers are unable to sell!rocessed fish !roducts because they don thave due to coolin% stora%e facilities Celectricity !roble s.
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M0R>!*59GR!S!0RC@
• *e don t e8!ort /eady to eat arine!roducts in si%nificant volu es' because weare not aware of varied tastes and cuisinesin different re%ions of the world
• need invest ent in arketin% research inforei%n consu ers food !references.
UMP59G
• S De!art ent of "o erce has i !osedan anti,du !in% duty on Indian Shri !.
ore on du !in%' already discussed clicke
R!A!C*5 9S• SME Mforei%n countries often reject our
fishMshri ! car%os for traces of antibiotics'heavy, etals' foul s ell.
Go ern ent Policies/Sche esAuris'iction:
States #arine fisheries within the territorial waters are the subjectof ariti e states
"entr
e
$isheries beyond this li it within the EEZ fall in the
jurisdiction of "entral Govern ent.
Co prehensi e Marine Fishing PolicyB #$$2
=y De!art ent of
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1. SU
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o eco labelin% of arine !roducts
2. 0**!9*5 9 * F5S@!RM!9
o
Each fisher an household would be %iven a card for easyidentification.
o Stren%then "oo!erative ove ent of fisher en
o nifor ity in central,state welfare sche es for fisher an.
o Greater !artici!ation of coo!eratives' @GFs and local self,Govern ents
o Govern ent to contribute towards Insurance sche e foronly those fisher en who do not own a boat.
o $isher en Lousin% Sche es will unified and i !le entedas a aster !lan throu%h a national a%ency.
+. 0**!9*5 9 * !9?5R 9M!9*
o res!onsible and sustainable fishin% !ractices to &reserveenviron ent and biodiversity
o Strict ban on all ty!es of destructive ethods of fishin%.
o /e%ulate #esh si es in different !arts of the fishin% %ear.&enalties for violations of esh re%ulations.
o &rohibit "atchin% of juveniles and non, tar%eteds!eciesH!rohibited
o %reater liaison between "entral and State &ollution "ontrol=oard to control all industrial establish ents dischar%in%effluents in to the sea
o La ard
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o L/D' / D' use of I?' stren%thenin% arine database viasatellites etc.
9ational Fisheries e elop ent
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Stren%thenin% ofDatabase Geo%ra!hic
Infor ation Syste for$isheries Sector.
• nder the sche e' inland waterbodies are surveyed and a!!edin the States.
• *ork already finished in *.=en%al.
Fisher en .elfare Sche e
In the K s' there were ulti!le sche es for fisher en welfare but inid,2 s' all of the co bined into sin%le P"entrally S!onsored
@ational Sche e on *elfare of $isher enQ (duh' no catchy
na eMabbreviation' not na ed after you know who . but then a%ain'sche e falls under De!art ent of
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to landless fisher en.
1 59SUR09C!
• Grou!
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ca%es.
• !rice of !o !ano is about /s.2 M,!er k%' ?hes!ecies is able to accli ati e and %row well inthe vast low saline and brackish waters of ourcountry.
5nternational Support
• Several international or%ani ations' includin% the *orld =ank'@D& ' D) has !rovided technical aid for the !revention of !ost,
harvest losses in arine fisheries. /ecently' $
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such as ca%e culture' !en culture etc. for au% entin% fish!roduction.
Mock uestions
MC s
1. "orrect State ent about EEZ of India
a. Eastern "ost has lar%er area under EEZ than *estern"ost
b. < on% nion ?erritories' Bakshadwee! is surrounded bythe a8i u EEZ area.
c. =oth
d. @one
2. "orrect state ents about yellow fin tuna
a. $ound in the shallow coastal waters around Bakshadwee!
b. It is on ver%e of beco in% e8tinct' because of destructivefishin% in this re%ion.
c. =oth
d. @one
escripti e
• 2
1. Fbstacles to &ink /evolution in India
2. #FDEB $ISLE/#E@ ;IBB
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1. Issues affectin% su!!ly chain of arine fisheries.
2. *rite a note on "entrally S!onsored @ational Sche e on*elfare of $isher en.
+. Enu erate the salient features of the "o !rehensive#arine $ishin% &olicy.
. Define