food security and nutrition assessment
TRANSCRIPT
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Food Security and Nutrition AssessmentRefugee Settlements and Kampala
December 2020
UNHCR Representation in Uganda
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Key stakeholders
• GOU: OPM, MoH, UBOS, DLGs.
• UN: UNHCR, WFP, UNICEF.
• NGOs: MTI, IRC, ACF, FHU, SCI,
AHA, LWF, AFI, AVSI, ALIGHT, AIRD,
HFU, OPWIG, PACHEDO, PAG.
• Refugees, VHTs, RWCs.
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Thematic areas
• Demography
• Nutrition
• Health
• Food Security
• LITN
• WASH
• GBV
• Energy
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Methodology
• Cross-sectional study, SMART methodology, cluster sampling
• 42,530 individuals, 7141 households reached in settlements and Kampala
• 51.8% female and 48.2% male
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Nutrition
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0
3
6
9
12
2014 2015 2016 2017 2020
% C
hild
ren
6-5
9 m
on
ths
Global Acute Malnutrition
ALL South West West Nile
0
2
4
6
8
2015 2016 2017 2020
% C
hild
ren
6-5
9 m
on
ths
Severe and Moderate Acute Malnutrition
MAM SAM
Acute Malnutrition
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Acute Malnutrition
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
West Nile South West Kampala
% C
hild
ren
6-5
9 m
on
ths
GAM by Weight for Height Z-Scores
GAM MAM SAM
0
1
2
3
4
South West West Nile Kampala
% C
hild
ren
6-5
9 m
on
ths
GAM by MUAC
GAM MAM SAM
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0
10
20
30
40
50
2015 2016 2017 2020
% C
hild
ren
6-5
9 m
on
ths
REGIONAL STUNTING TREND ANALYSIS
West Nile South West
Stunting
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Stunting and Underweight
0
10
20
30
40
50
West Nile South West Kampala
% C
hild
ren
6-5
9 m
on
ths
Stunting Underweight
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Anemia Trends
0
20
40
60
80
2014 2015 2016 2017 Jan2020
Dec2020
% C
hild
ren
6-5
9 m
on
ths
Anemia children (6-59) trends
All West Nile South West
0
15
30
45
60
2014 2015 2016 2017 Jan 20 Dec 20
% W
RA
15
-49
ye
ars
Anemia WRA (15-49) trends
South West West Nile
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IYCF
0
20
40
60
80
100
2014 2015 2016 2017 Jan 2020 Dec 2020
% c
hild
an
em
ia v
co
nsu
me
Iro
n-r
ich
Child Anemia and Iron-rich foods
Iron-rich foods Child Anemia
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Anemia
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80%
Ch
ildre
n 6
-50 m
onth
s, W
RA
15
-49 y
ears
Children (5-59 months) Non Pregnant WRA (15-49 years)
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Contributing Factors
• Low dietary diversity – coping
mechanism to ration cuts, less
Vit C (plant-based diets)
• Disease incidence – malaria,
intestinal worms
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Incid
en
t R
ate
Malaria Incidence Rates 2020
U5 Crude
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IYCF – Optimal Breastfeeding
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Use of infant Formula
Bottlefeeding
Breastfeeding at 2 years
Breastfeeding at 1 year
Exclusive BF
Early Initiation of BF
Optimal Feeding practices
All South West West Nile
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IYCF – Complementary Feeding and Dietary Diversity
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Timely intro of CF (6-8 months)
Consumption of Iron-rich foods
Consuming 1-3 food groups
Consuming 4-7 food groups
South West West Nile
Palorinya (7.8%), Kyangwali (10.6%) Nakivale (16.3%) had lowest MDD-C
25.2% SW, 21.9% WN consumed iron-rich foods
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Maternal Nutrition
0 2 4 6 8
Total Malnutrition
Severe Malnutrition
Moderate Malnutrition
Malnutrition among PLWs
Kampala South West West Nile
0 20 40 60 80
Underweight
Normal
Overweight
Obesity
Malnutrition in non-pregnant WRA
Kampala South West West Nile
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Maternal Nutrition
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
West Nile
South West
Kampala
Women Dietary Diversity (MDD-W)
5-7 food groups 1-4 food groups
98.7% grains & tubers
79.7% legumes & pulses
51.6% nuts & seeds
50.1% dark green leafys
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Health
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Child Health
0 5 10 15 20 25
Adjumani
Bidibidi
Imvepi
Lobule
Kampala
Kiryandongo
Kyaka II
Kyangwali
Nakivale
Oruchinga
Palabek
Palorinya
Rhino Camp
Rwamwanja
Diarrhea
0
20
40
60
80
West Nile South West
Treatment of Diarrhea
ORS ZINC
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Child Health
0
20
40
60
80
100
West Nile South West Kampala
% C
hild
ren
ta
rge
t a
ge
Child Health
Measles Vaccination Vit. A Suppl. Deworming
65
70
75
80
85
90
2015 2016 2017 Jan 20 Dec 20
% C
hild
ren
12
-59
mo
nth
s
TREND ANALYSIS - DEWORMING
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SRH - ANC
93.7% were
enrolled for ANC
in last pregnancy
– 95.3% SW,
94.2% WN,
74.9% K’LA
0
20
40
60
80
South West West Nile Kampala
% P
reg
na
nt o
n A
NC
NUMBER OF ANC VISITS
1-3 times 4-7 times ≥8 times
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SRH – Family Planning
14.7% ever used FP -
SW 19.8%,
WN 11.1%,
K’LA 4.9%
0
20
40
60
80
COCs Condoms Depo
Provera
Implant IUD POPs Other
% W
RA
wh
o e
ver
use
d F
P
MOST PREFERRED FP METHOD
South West West Nile Kampala
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SRH - Family Planning
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Easy to use
Readily available
Less side effects
Not easy to identify in use
Other
Takes longer in body
Reasons for choice of FP method
West Nile South West
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SRH - Family Planning
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Easy to use
Readily available
Less side effects
Not easy to identify in use
Other
Takes longer in body
Reasons for preference of FP method
South West West Nile
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Barriers to Family Planning
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Don’t know about FP
Don’t know where to access it
My culture not permit
Not available at facility
Other
Partner is against it
Side effect of FP
Still want to have children
South West West Nile
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WASH
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WASH
0 20 40 60 80 100
Cloth
Filter Composite
Other
Chlorine
Settle bottom
Boil
None
Drinking Water Safety Method
Kampala South West West Nile
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Protecetd hand dug well
Protected spring
Surface water
Unprotected dug well
Piped connection
Boreholes
Public tap
Drinking Water Sources
Kampala South West West Nile
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WASH
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
<10L 10-14.9L 15-19.9L ≥20L
WATER CONSUMPTION L/P/D
South West West Nile Kampala
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WASH
0 20 40 60 80 100
Bucket toilet
Others
Open defecation
Communal latrine
Flush toilet
Household latrine
Fecal Disposal Method
Kampala South West West Nile
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Energy and Environment
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Energy
0
20
40
60
80
100
Wood Charcoal Other
COOKING FUEL SOURCES
West Nile South West Kampala
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Livelihoods
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Unmet Basic Needs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Water Energy Assets Debt Savings Educ Other None Utilities Hygiene Healthcare Food
West Nile South West Kampala
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Food Security
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GFA Cash Expenditure
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Water
Livelihoods
Debt
Savings
Education
Utilities
Energy
Hygiene
Healthcare
Food
Kampala South West West Nile
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Household Food Consumption
Insufficient food consumption from47% in Jan 2020 to 33% in Dec 2020
Food consumption in 11/13settlements. Substantial gains inOruchinga, Nakivale and Kyaka II.
11/13 settlements had just receiveddouble GFA during data collection.
Above-average 2020 second seasonharvests and low staple food pricessince May 2020.
45
%
34
%
26
%
48
%
59
%
54
%
38
%
62
%
52
% 57
%
74
%
46
%
32
%
47
%
25
%
43
%
11
%
47
%
21
%
38
%
19
%
20
%
15
%
31
%
50
%
47
%
14
%
33
%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Ad
jum
ani
Bid
ibid
i
Imvep
i
Kir
yan
do
ng
o
Ky
aka
II
Ky
angw
ali
Lo
bu
le
Nak
ival
e
Oru
chin
ga
Pal
abek
Pal
ori
nya
Rhin
o
Rw
amw
anja
Set
tlem
ent
aver
age
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f H
Hs
Proportion of HHs with insufficient food consumption
FSNA, Jan-2020 FSNA, Dec-2020
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Settlement Markets Food Prices
Maize grain1,214 1,227 1,142 1,009 924 880 844 876 889 840 801
Beans
3,467 3,603
3,186 3,151 3,228 3,135 2,992
2,741 2,633 2,699 2,671
Vegetable oil5,786
5,969 5,790 5,757 5,788 5,693 5,657 5,718
6,040 6,229
6,418
Salt
3,086
2,314 2,079 2,003 1,945 2,071 1,977 2,000 1,980 1,983 2,018
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
UG
X/k
g
Market price trends Jan 2020-February 2021• Food prices low since Apr-
May June 2020, above
average harvests in 2020.
• Retail prices for maize,
beans and salt reduced by
28%, 23% & 30% between
Mar 20 and Feb 2021.
• The cost Food MEB
reduced by 18% overall (-
23% in SW & -14% in WN)
• FS more likely moderated
by higher consumption in
Dec
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Economic Vulnerability High HH spending on food is proxy of
economic stress. Limited capacity to
meet essential needs and manage
fluctuations in prices.
Proportion of economically stressed
HHs increased by 45% from Jan to
Dec 2020.
More spending on food likely due to
the ration reductions, and decreased
spending on non-food items due to the
lock-down.
52%
15%
24%
16%
35%
19%
40%36%
22%
11%
21% 23% 20%27%
82%79% 77%
60% 63%
85%
74%
54%57%
86% 85%
72%
49%
72%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Ad
jum
ani
Bid
ibid
i
Imvep
i
Kir
yan
do
ng
o
Ky
aka
II
Ky
angw
ali
Lo
bu
le
Nak
ival
e
Oru
chin
ga
Pal
abek
Pal
ori
nya
Rhin
o
Rw
amw
anja
Set
tlem
ent
aver
age
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f ho
use
ho
lds
Proportion of households with high food expenditure share
FSNA, Jan 2020 FSNA, Dec 2020
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Overall Food InsecurityOverall, the prevalence of food insecurity
unchanged between the two surveys.
Impact of ration cuts likely cushioned by
reduced food prices, good harvests.
Regional difference remain, food
insecurity at 26% in SW and 36% in WN
Food security deteriorated in Bidibidi and
Rhino camp and improved in Kyaka II,
Nakivale and Oruchinga.
42%
25%22%
39%
56%
36%32%
46%
36%
30%
59%
35%
23%
37%
28%
41%
17%
41%
30%
43%
23% 24%18%
33%
58%
49%
14%
36%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Ad
jum
ani
Bid
ibid
i
Imvep
i
Kir
yan
do
ng
o
Ky
aka
II
Ky
angw
ali
Lo
bu
le
Nak
ival
e
Oru
chin
ga
Pal
abek
Pal
ori
nya
Rhin
o c
amp
Rw
amw
anja
Set
tlem
ent
aver
age
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f H
Hs
Proportion of Food Insecure households
FSNA, Jan-2020 FSNA, Dec-2020
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Household Food Consumption (updated)
42%
25%
43%
11%
47%
21%
38%
19% 20%
15%
31%
50%47%
14%
33%
45%
34%
26%
48%
59%
54%
38%
62%
52%
57%
74%
46%
32%
47%
MVAM March 2021 FSNA, Dec-2020 FSNA, Jan-2020
Proportion HHs with Insufficient Consumption
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Considerations and Risk Factors to Monitor• Food Prices (return to normal from low)
• Resumption of education. Substitution of expenditures towards food to become more unlikely.
• Double distributions (monitor food consumption and food security outcomes in the 2nd month
after distribution).
Settlement Distribution Mode
November December January February
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Rwamwanja Double *
Kyangwali Double * *
Kyaka II Double * *
Nakivale Single * * *
Oruchinga Single *
Rhino Camp Double *
Palorinya Double * *
Imvepi Double * *
Bidibidi Double * *
Lobule Double * *
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Actions on AnemiaImmediate Implementation status
Anemia typing (causal analysis) Pilot done, planned for scaleup
Deworming Routine, planned for scaleup
Bi-annual anemia screening + treatment Part of 2021 activities
Iron-Folic Acid supplementation Routine, limited to pregnant women
Mid-term to long term
Nutrition-sensitive food systems
Fortification of school meals Not done
Kitchen gardens (variety) Done, small scale
Biofortification (iron-rich beans, orange-fleshed potatoes) Pilot, small scale
Food Security and Livelihoods Ongoing, gaps
Kyangwali Pilot** Ongoing
Others
MIYCAN and Anemia sensitization Ongoing, scaleup
Malaria control Ongoing
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What has worked elsewhere
Fortifying rice in school meals
contributed to a 20% reduction
in Anemia in 99,231 in Odisha,
India at a cost of $0.06 – $0.09
per child over 3 years -
Nutrition Exchange
Weekly Iron-Folic Acid for all WRA
and regular deworming reduced
Anemia (WRA) from 37.5% to
19.3%, Iron deficiency from 22.8%
to 9.3%, and intestinal worms from
76.2% 23.0% over 12 months in
Vietnam - WHO
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Take Away
• Continuity of treatment services for acute malnutrition, anemia
• Aligning short term and long-term actions on anemia reduction
• Potential areas of investment – nutrition-sensitive food systems,
school feeding, kitchen gardens, behavior change
• Midterm to long term actions on food security and livelihoods
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The end