food security and the environment - university of hawaii · 2014. 9. 11. · food security and the...
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Food Security and the Environment
Why do we need to study agriculture?
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Outline
• Forest environment
• Agroforest environment
• Pigs (environment)
• Food security
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steep upland forest
managed lava terraces
mangrove forest coastal lowlands
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• Upland forest (wahl)
– High biodiversity
– Wildlife habitat
– Water/nutrient cycling
• Swamp forest (lepwul)
– Wildlife habitat
– filter
• Mangrove forest (naniak)
– Wildlife habitat
– Coastal protection (barrier/filter)
Forest Ecosystem
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Forests and the Water Cycle (Pihl)
• Upland forest (wahl) – Increases water infiltration
• Water storage
– Reduces runoff/erosion • Clean streams and ocean
– Returns water to air • Water recycling
• Mangrove forest (naniak)
– Protects land against wave action
– Prevents sediments from entering ocean
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Forests and Nutrient Cycling
• Inputs and decomposition
– Leaves, wood, animal inputs
– Decomposition
– Nutrient supply and storage
• Roots
– Nitrogen fixation
– Fungi
– Nutrient recycling
leaves
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Agroforest (pahnwel)
• Traditional system with > 2,500 years of history
• Mimics a forest – Minimal external inputs
– Minimal soil disturbance
– Depends on natural nutrient cycles
– Protects soil and water resources
• Multi-level and biodiverse – Stable
– resilient
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coconut
breadfruit
banana
yam taro
Sour sop
sakau
hibiscus
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Agroforest and Pigs
• Wash down system
• Source of pollution and disease
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Manure: the bad
• Smelly and an eyesore • Pollutes water • Source of disease
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Manure and Water
Water Quality • nitrogen and phosphorus
in manure causes algae growth in water
• Negative effect on aquatic life and coral reef
Human Health • Bacteria in fresh water
causes human diseases • Diarrhea and
leptospirosis
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Manure: the good
• Energy (biogas) • Fertilizer and soil conditioner (compost)
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Agroforest and Food Security
Food security: adequate supply and access to nutritious food
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Current Challenges
• Increasing population • Environmental degradation
• Land activities affecting fresh water and marine resources
• Declining agricultural productivity • Soil fertility • Interest in farming
• Increasing dependence on unhealthy imported processed food
• Declining human health
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Way Forward
• Promote local food production and consumption
• Enhance soil fertility and quality by integrating animal production systems into agroforest
• Engage and train the youth
• Engage in social marketing
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KALAHNGAN!