Food Security Follow-up Assessment

North-West Floods of September 2012

FSC TWG Presentation on findings, June 6 2013

Assessment Re-capObjectives:

Re-assess the impact of flooding on food security and livelihoods six months after flooding

Assess how the affected population has recovered Determine the existing needs (if any) of the

affected population

Assessment summary:April 1-6th, 8 agencies26 unions of 10 upazila of 5 districts (Bogra,

Gaibandah, Jamalpur, Kurigram & Sirajgonj)Puporsive sampling of worst affected areasAssessment tools were measuring similar

indicators to Sept. JNA

Key Results - FS Assessment Sept. ‘12 Major Needs

Communities = Food, Agr. Inputs & Shelter Repair Assessment = Food Sec & Livelihoods 47 unions (165,132 HH)Recommendations = Food support, u/c cash transfers,

CFW/CFT, cash grant/provision of seeds & fertiliser for farming, nutrition causal analysis in Kurigram, strengthen health facility capacity to deliver essential nutrition interventions and detection of acute malnutrition, scale up community based nutrition promotion activities

Agriculture17/29 Uz severely damaged agriculture27% cultivated land submerged 89% affected land was sown for Aman paddy. 80% expected

to be lost24/29 Uz damaged fisheries resources

Food Sec & LivelihoodAg. day labourers, sml & marginal farmers most

affected income opportunities wage rate of Ag. day labourers (Jam, Kuri, Gaib)Lean season high food price & purchasing

capacity vul. HH

Coping StrategiesSelling assets, migration, meal size and

frequency HH food stock & income if no alt. cultivation

likely employment crisis for Ag. day labourers

Key Results - FS Assessment Sept. ‘12

Key Results by Sector – JNA April ’13 Recovery since Sept. ‘12

55% HH recovered 74,479 HH still in need of assistance

Boro 55% poor Boro prospects, wholesale price

Vegetables & fisheries

51% & 22% resumption

IGA 44% HH re-started

Working opportunities

Significantly reduced in next 6 monthsNon-Ag. employment due to hartals

Neg. coping strategies

loans 37%, sell assets 23%, use savings 17%, migrate 30%, meal size, frequency & nutritious foods

FCS 32% HH have poor or borderline FCS

Nutrition Excl. breastfeeding & dietary diversity below national average, GAM = national av (Kurigram high levels)

Key Results District & Sector – JNA April ‘13

Bogra Gaibandah Jamalpur Kurigram SirajgonjAgricultureFood SecurityNutritionLivelihoodsCoping MechanismsIncome prospects

Key Findings – Agriculture

Poor Boro prospects (<50%) in Gaib, Kuri, Jam & Sirj b/c cold wave & limited investment cap

24% Boro wholesale price daily labourer hard to buy

Resume Boro

Resume Vegetable Resume Fish

Bogra 80% 20% 0%Jamalpur 93% 73% 15%Kurigram 31% 32% 13%Gaibandah 20% 70% 25%Sirajgonj 58% 58% 53%

Key Findings – Livelihoods

Av. cash Investment to resume IGA

Av. Value of resources needed to resume

Homestead Gardening

259 BDT 753 BDT

Poultry Rearing 383 BDT 955 BDTLivestock 4502 BDT 14964 BDT

% HH Resume IGA

Bogra 80%Gaibandah 32%Jamalpur 26%Kurigram 52%Sirajgonj 97%

Key Findings – Food Consumption Score

Average expense gap to reach good FCS = 1281 BDT/ month

Poor BorderlineAcceptable low

Acceptable high

Cost to achieve Acceptable high FCS

Cost gap to (poor to Acceptable high)

Bogra 27% 68% 5% 0% 3850 1697Jamalpur 6% 53% 30% 11% 4375 1814Kurigram 14% 35% 33% 19% 3860 1257Gaibandah 41% 40% 9% 10% 3713 1867Sirajgonj 2% 23% 27% 48% 4367 2356

Key Findings – NutritionGAM rate all districts = 14.4% (incl 4% SAM)GAM in Kurigram very high60% did not exclusively breastfeed for 6

months35% children 6-23 months did not eat

minimum meal frequency Changes to eating patterns noted since floods

( meal size & frequency). 10% have resumed to normal

Key Findings – Coping Strategies Jan-March ‘13

Loans Taken

Loan CostTk/month

Assets Sold

Savings Used

Migrated

Bogra 30% 693 7% 15% 2%

Gaibandah 40% 784 22% 14% 28%

Jamalpur 50% 1311 44% 11% 50%

Kurigram 33% 767 32% 37% 43%

Sirajgonj 32% 888 11% 7% 26%

Key Findings – ProspectsExpected change in work opportunities

Expected monthly income

Bogra - 35% 3099

Gaibandah - 31% 2395

Jamalpur - 33% 2737

Kurigram - 28% 2372

Sirajgonj - 11% 6305

Ongoing Need – Exposed to repeated shocks3 floods in 2012, cold wave, frequent hartals

Oct ‘12 JNA Crop Loss Fisheries Loss Bogra 41% 67%Jamalpur 51% 22%Kurigram 35% 29%Gaibandah 16% 30%Sirajgonj 24% 9%

April ‘13 JNA Resumed Boro Resumed Vegetable Resumed Fish

Bogra 80% 20% 0%Jamalpur 93% 73% 15%Kurigram 31% 32% 13%Gaibandah 20% 70% 25%Sirajgonj 58% 58% 53%

Reason for less Boro harvest = 60% cold wave, 17% limited investment capacity

Hartals/ Political unrest hampered the labor market

Monsoon is knocking at the door!

Ongoing Need – Exposed to repeated shocks

Ongoing Need – Comparison between NARRI/DeSHARI vs Non-beneficiary3 out of 5 districts were covered by

NARRI/deSHARI programs75% of the HH in unions where programs

present were NARRI/ DeSHARI beneficiariesFSC Borderline is still alarming in those

areas despite support, which means longer term interventions are required for improving Food Consumption

FCS Category Beneficiaries Non-Beneficiaries Critical<21 3% 0%Borderline 21-35 37% 40%Good >35 60% 60%

Recommendations – short term

At least 48,000 HH have not recovered their assets as before the flood

Priority districts = Kurigram, Gaibandah & Jamalpur

Cash support with longer term focus on resilience Continue scheme construction (infrastructure) with DRR

lens

Partners in Kurigram to conduct nutrition causal analysis to identify context specific risks and aggravating factors for under nutrition. More in depth analysis on prevalence data via MUAC vs WHZ

Recommendations – longer term

Livelihood recovery, DRR strengthening and integrated food security program

Food Security and Livelihoods Livelihood options identification (market analysis, cost-

benefit analysis) Market development (market extension process, value

chain, market linkage) Training (climate resilient livelihood skills training, risk

reduction approaches, business development) Schemes to support livelihood investments (e.g. Group

savings, joint marketing initiatives, joint IGA activities etc.)

Recommendations – longer term

Agriculture Crop specific training (fertilizer, weed, disease mgt, post

harvest technology, climate-resilient varieties etc.) Local technical volunteers (linking service providers to

farmers, technical advice etc.)

Nutrition Strengthen the capacity of health facilities to deliver

essential nutrition interventions (e.g. IYCF counseling, nutrition & hygeine promotion, micronutrient supplememtation) and in detection, screening and referral of acute malnutrition

Scale up community based nutrition promotion activities to improve knowledge and practice of IYCF

Lessons LearntAssessment Planning

Field Activities

Data Management

Reporting Writing

Other