foot and ankle
DESCRIPTION
Foot and Ankle. Joints, Palpations, & ROM. Joints:. A synovial joint , also known as a diarthrosis , is the most common and most movable type of joint in the body Other types: Fibruous and Cartlaginous - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
J O I N T S , PA L PAT I O N S , & R O M
FOOT AND ANKLE
JOINTS:
• A synovial joint, also known as a diarthrosis , is the most common and most movable type of joint in the body• Other types: Fibruous and Cartlaginous• Main structural differences between synovial and
fibrous joints are capsules surrounding the articulating surfaces of a synovial joint and the presence of lubricating synovial fluid within those capsules (synovial cavities).
JOINTS
• Toes and Metatarsals:• Interphalangeal joints: These joints connect the
phalanges. They’re synovial joints strengthened by collateral and plantar ligaments, and they let you flex and extend your toes.
• Metatarsophalangeal joints: They allow you to flex and extend your toes as well as move them apart and closer together.
• Intermetatarsal joints• Tarsometatarsal joints• Cuboideonavicular joints
JOINTS
• Foot:• These two joints allow you to invert and evert the foot
• Subtalar joint: This joint is the posterior joint formed between the talus and the calcaneus. It’s a synovial joint, and it’s stabilized by medial, lateral, and interosseous talocalcaneal ligaments.
• Transverse tarsal joint: The transverse tarsal joint is actually a combination of the following two joints:• Talocalcaneonavicular joint• Calcaneocuboid
SUBTALAR JOINT
TRANSVERSE TARSAL JOINT
JOINTS
• Ankle:• The ankle joint is a synovial hinge joint, so you
can plantarflex and dorsiflex• The ankle joint is made up of distal ends of the
tibia and fibula
ROM
• Toes• Flexion/extension• Abduction/Adduction
• Ankle• Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion• Inversion/eversion• Circumduction
ROM
WHAT TO PALPATE – BONY LANDMARKS
From distal to proximal:• Distal Phalangeals• Heads of the Metatarsals• Styloid process of fifth metatarsal• Sinus Tarsi - soft tissue depression just anterior to the
lateral malleolus. (Sinus Tarsi is filled with EDB & fat pad)• Medial and Lateral Malleoli• Head of the Talus• Calcaneous• Shaft of the Tibia and Fibula• Head of the fibula• Tibial Tuberosity
WHAT TO PALPATE – MUSCLES AND TENDONS
• Gastrocnemius• Soleus• Achilles Tendon• Tibialis Anterior• Extensor Digitorum Longus• Flexor Digitorum Longus• Peroneus Longus
PALPATIONS - FOOT
HOW TO PALPATE
• “Palpate with a purpose”• Head of Talus - felt just behind the navicular, by
everting & inverting the midfoot.• Sustentaculum Tali - one fingerbreadth below
medial malleolus. (serves as an attachment for the spring ligament & supports the talus); can be painful when palpated
PALPATIONS - ANKLE
IN CLASS…
• Pair off and palpate 3 different people’s foot and ankle• Identify bones and ligaments
• Continue to work on foot diagram if needed
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW FOR THE EXAM
• Where to Palpate specific bones/ligaments• ALL ROM
HOMEWORK
• Color pages 4 and 5 in the packet