footware (material mgt)

8/14/2019 footware (material mgt)

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MATERIAL MANAGEMENT

NAMES ROLL NO.

SHUBHANGI ADENKAR 05

ASHA AHUJA 06

SHEEMAN AHMED ANSARI 07

AMIT BADLANI 08

SAVITA DHAWARE 16

BIJNESH RANA 44

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Acknowledgement

We are very much glad to Prof. RAJWADE forgiving us such a knowledgeable project.

It was an immense pleasure to work on thisproject. In this project we got to know aboutthe footwear.

We are also hoping for such good andknowledgeable projects in future also.

Thanking you


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INDEX

INTRODUCTION OF FOOTWEAR

TYPES OF FOOTWEAR

RAW MATERIALS

COMPONENTS OF A SHOE

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

FIELD WORK REPORT

MAINTENANCE

BATA VS LIBERTY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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INTRODUCTION OF FOOTWEAR

Spanish cave drawings from more than 15,000 years ago showhumans with animal skins or furs wrapped around their feet. The bodyof a well-preserved ice-man nearly 5,000 years old wears leather footcoverings stuffed with straw. Shoes, in some form or another, havebeen around for a very long time. The evolution of foot coverings, fromthe sandal to present-day athletic shoes that are marvels ofengineering, continues even today as we find new materials with which

to cover our feet.

Has the shoe really changed that much though? We are, in fact,still wearing sandals the oldest crafted foot covering known to us.Moccasins are still readily available in the form of the loafer. In fact,many of the shoes we wear today can be traced back to another era.The Cuban heel may have been named for the dance craze of the1920s, but the shape can be seen long before that time. Platform soles,which are one of the most recognisable features of footwear in the1970s and 1990s were handed down to us from 16th century chopines.

Then, high soles were a necessity to keep the feet off of the dirtystreets. Today, they are worn strictly for fashions sake. The poulaine,with its ridiculously long toes is not that different from the winkle-pickers worn in the 1960s.

`If one can deduce that basic shoe shapes have evolved only somuch, it is necessary to discover why this has happened. It is surelynot due to a lack of imagination the colures and materials of shoestoday demonstrate that. Looking at shoes from different parts of theworld, one can see undeniable similarities.

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http://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glosssandal.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glossmoccasin.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glossloafers.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glosscubanheel.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glossplatformshoe.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glosschopine.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glosspoulaine.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glosswinklepickers.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glosswinklepickers.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glossmoccasin.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glossloafers.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glosscubanheel.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glossplatformshoe.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glosschopine.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glosspoulaine.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glosswinklepickers.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glosswinklepickers.shtmlhttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glosssandal.shtml


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While the Venetians were wearing the chopine, the Japanesebalanced on high-soled wooden shoes called geta. Though the shape isslightly different, the idea remains the same. The Venetians had no

contact with the Japanese, so it is not a case of imitation. Even themystical Chinese practice of foot binding has been copied (though to alesser extent) in our culture.

Some European women and men of the past bound their feet withtape and squashed them into too-tight shoes. In fact, a survey from theearly 1990s reported that 88 percent of American women wear shoesthat are too small!

As one examines footwear history, both in the West and in otherparts of the world, the similarities are apparent. Though theshoemakers of the past never would have thought to pair a sandal witha platform sole, our shoe fashions of today are, for the most part,modernized adaptations of past styles.

WHAT IS SHOE?

Shoe is an item offootwear. Shoes may vary from a simple flip-flop to a complex boot. Shoes may have high or low heels, although inwestern cultures, high heels are considered a women's style. Shoematerials include leather or canvas. Athletic shoe soles may sometimes

be made ofrubber

The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE andwere found in Oregon, USA in 1938. However, the materials used formaking shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoeswere probably in use long before this.

Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has foundevidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of

the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during thisperiod, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bonegrowth before this period.

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http://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glossgeta.shtmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footwearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip-flophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip-flophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_heelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canvashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletic_shoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_anthropologisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Trinkaushttp://www.footwearhistory.com/glossary/glossgeta.shtmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footwearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip-flophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip-flophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_heelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canvashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletic_shoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_anthropologisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Trinkaus


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TYPES OF FOOTWEAR

There are different types of footwear available in the market& used by different people according to fashion & trend,demand, occations & culture. They are as follows:

1. Dress and Casual Footwear:

Dress footwear are categorizedby smooth and supple leatheruppers, leather soles, and narrowsleek figure. Casual footwears are

characterized by sturdy leatheruppers, non-leather outsoles, andwide profile.

Some designs of dress shoes can be worn byeither gender. The majority of dress shoes have anupper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosingmost of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles.

This upper part of the shoe is often made withoutapertures or openings, but may also be made withopenings or even itself consist of a series of straps,e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoeswith uppers made high to cover the ankles are also

available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usuallyconsidered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-toppedshoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces orzippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping theshoe on.

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2. Mens Shoes:

Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed:

1. Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces areattached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral isknown as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothingcompanies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-solebluchers.

2. Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independentlyattached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, theBlucher is known as the Derby shoe.

3. Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of lacing

Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.

Men's shoes can also be decorated in various ways:

1. Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations onthe vamp.

2. Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This ispossibly the most popular decoration.

3. Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is coveredwith a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side ofthe shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles.

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3. Women Shoes:

There is a large variety of shoes available for

women, in addition to most of the men's stylesbeing more accepted as unisex. Some broadcategories are:

Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas,ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with avery low heel and a relatively short vamp,exposing much of the instep. They are popularfor warm-weather wear, and may be seen asmore comfortable than shoes with a higher

heel.

High heels may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher.They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels(see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn bywomen for formal occasions or social outings.

Kitten heels are low high heels from about 1.5 to 2 incheshigh, set in from the back of the shoe.

Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like anathletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind ofnovelty dress shoe.

Wedge Sandals are sandals but have the ankles higher as ifwearing a high heels shoe.

Mules are shoes or slippers with no fitting around the heel (i.e.they are backless)

Slingbacks are shoes which are secured by a strap behind theheel, rather than over the top of the foot.

Espadrilles are casual flat or high-heeled fashion sandals of astyle which originated in the Pyrenees. They usually have a cottonor canvas upper and a flexible sole of rope or rubber.

Pumps are strapless shoes with no lacings or fastening

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_heelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kitten_heels&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneaker_boothttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wedge_Sandals&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slingbackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espadrilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_heelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kitten_heels&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneaker_boothttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wedge_Sandals&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slingbackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espadrilleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumps


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4. EITHER GENDER:

Women's sandals.

1. Platform shoe - shoe with very thick soles and heels

2. Moccasin - originated by American Indians, a soft shoe without aheel and usually made of leather.

3. Sandals - open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps,leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular forwarm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.

4. Saddle shoe - leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped bandover the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle"

5. Loafer - a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels,buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers)

6. Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes - similarto a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simpleleather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas orfeaturing a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or

scratching a boat deck.

7. Boots - Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather.Some are designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as analternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots andsnow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.

8. Slippers - Usually for night use, commonly worn with pajamas

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http://www.answers.com/topic/platform-shoehttp://www.answers.com/topic/moccasinhttp://www.answers.com/topic/american-indianhttp://www.answers.com/topic/sandalhttp://www.answers.com/topic/loafershttp://www.answers.com/topic/boothttp://www.answers.com/topic/slipperhttp://www.answers.com/topic/pajamashttp://www.answers.com/topic/platform-shoehttp://www.answers.com/topic/moccasinhttp://www.answers.com/topic/american-indianhttp://www.answers.com/topic/sandalhttp://www.answers.com/topic/loafershttp://www.answers.com/topic/boothttp://www.answers.com/topic/slipperhttp://www.answers.com/topic/pajamas


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5. ATHLETIC SHOES:

Men's and women's athletic shoes andspecial function shoes often have lessdifference between the sexes than indress shoes. In many cases theseshoes can be worn by either sex.Emphasis tends to be more on functionthan style.

A shoe for right foot

1. Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes) -general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/orplastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Specialvarieties available for basketball or tennis.

2. Running shoes - very similar to above, with additional emphasis oncushioning.

3. Track shoes - lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats

4. Cleats - a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs.Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, Americanfootball, or baseball

5. Golfshoes - with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground.Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replacable "softspikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributedradially around the edge of each spike are much more common today

(and are required on many golf courses since they cause less damageto the greens)

6. Bowling shoes - intermediate style between ordinary dress shoesand athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not todamage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowlingalleys.

7. Climbing shoes, also known as hiking shoes or boots - usuallyhave a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide

ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.

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8. Walking shoes - have a more flexible sole than the running shoe,lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not bewater proof.

9. Skating shoes - typically called skates. They have variousattachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.

Ice skates Roller skates Inline skates

10. Ski boot - a large, thick plastic boot specially designed forattachment to the ski.

11. Skateboarding shoes - Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for abetter grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layersof padding to protect the skateboarders feet. Many young people wearthem for comfort.

12. Cycling shoes -cycling shoes are equipped with a metal cleat tointerface with clip less pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize powertransfer and support t he foot.

13. Snowshoes - snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick

snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostlyrecreational purposes in winter.

6. ORTHOPEDIC SHOES :

Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic andanatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removablefootbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for

those with problematic feet.

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http://www.answers.com/topic/skateshttp://www.answers.com/topic/ice-skatinghttp://www.answers.com/topic/ski-boothttp://www.answers.com/topic/cycling-shoehttp://www.answers.com/topic/cycling-shoehttp://www.answers.com/topic/bicycle-pedalhttp://www.answers.com/topic/snowshoehttp://www.answers.com/topic/snowshoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedorthichttp://www.answers.com/topic/skateshttp://www.answers.com/topic/ice-skatinghttp://www.answers.com/topic/ski-boothttp://www.answers.com/topic/cycling-shoehttp://www.answers.com/topic/cycling-shoehttp://www.answers.com/topic/bicycle-pedalhttp://www.answers.com/topic/snowshoehttp://www.answers.com/topic/snowshoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedorthic


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7. Dance Shoes:

1 Pointe Shoes: Designed for ballet dancing. Thesehave a toe box that is stiffened with glue and ahardened sole so the dancer can stand on the tips oftheir toes. They are secured by elastic straps andribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles.

2 Ballet Shoes: Heel-less slippersmade of canvas or leather, with eithercontinuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made ofleather, with thicker material under theball and heel of the foot, and thinner andthus more flexible material under the arch

so that the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers areusually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. Theyare most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although theymay be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.

3. Jazz Shoes: These typically have atwo-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) toprovide both flexibility and traction, and alow (one inch or shorter) heel. They aresecured to the foot by laces or elasticinserts.

4. Ballroom Shoes: They fall into two categories for the two genresof dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSportFederation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised bysuede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inchheels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typicallycourt shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that theycan be finished with a greater variety of colours to match the dancer'sdress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across thefoot while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throwthe dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible.Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels whileLadies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and

strapped.

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5. Dance sneakers- Also known as dansneakers, these are acombination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubbertoe.

6. Character shoes- Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which areusually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across theinstep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled(suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes byattaching taps.

8. Work Shoes:

Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer,and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leatheruppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniformsor comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. Theyare commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction,mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.

9. Historical shoes:

Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of thepast include:

Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are foundas early as the 14th century.

Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person'sfeet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continuedin use even into the early 20th century.

Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400

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MATERIALS USED

A wide range of materials and combinations are used to produce

footwear nowadays. Leather, rubber, synthetic materials and fabricsare all mainly used for the uppers.Each material has its own specific features, not only in appearance butalso in properties, performance and treatment. The type of materialused has an important influence on how long the item lasts and, often,dictates the recommended use.However, the natural material that is most widely used for footwear isLEATHER. Leather breathes, it is soft, it has good impact resistance, itadapts perfectly to your feet. There are various main types:

Smooth leather has a soft surface with tiny pores, it can beshiny or matt. Drummed leather has a very soft and lined surface. Patent leather has a very smooth and shiny surface; it is

easily damaged, due to chemical substances, to frost. Nubuck is similar to suede and is easily marked even if you

touch it lightly with your fingers, but they brush off easily. Leather a type used for the soles on formal footwear. Crust a section of the skin, under the surface.

In India, synthetic materials and fabrics are used for the uppers andinsole or lining of a shoe.2 most frequent used synthetic material used besides textile:

PVCPolyvinyl chloride is flexible material that is chemically non-reactive.PVC accepts paints and performs well under most silk-screeningprocesses have high strength. It's weather resistance, and odorless.

PUPolyurethane is a flexible and soft material that sometimes looks like

leather. Very light but does not have a long lasting shelve life. Willtends to bio-degrade itself after 2-3 years into small molecular powder.

RexinFibreRubberNyllon

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Additional Material:

BucklesNailsVelcrosThread

Adhesive


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COMPONENTS OF A SHOE

Sole

The bottom of a shoe is named the sole.

Insole

The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, whichsits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes haveremovable and replaceable insoles, and extrainsoles are often added for comfort or healthreasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smellof the shoe).

OUTSOLE

The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. The material

of the outsole depends on the function, dressiness, and quality of theshoe, but is generally very durable material, since it experiences themost stress. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a syntheticimitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may compriseseparate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole isrubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style.Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athleticcleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; manykinds ofdancing shoes have much softer or harder soles. These soles

can be as hard as concrete, and very sturdy.

Vamp, or upper

Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold theshoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, suchas sandals or flip flops, this may be nothingmore than a few straps for holding the sole inplace. Closed footwear, such as boots,

sneakers and most men's shoes, will usually

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have a more complex upper. This part is normally decorated or is madein a certain style to look fashionable and attractive for the buyer.

Heel

Women's fashion boots

The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support theheel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the soleof the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the personlook taller, or flat for a more practical use.

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

CUTTING OF MATERIAL:Firstly they cut the fiber and made the

mid-sole according to shape & size of thegiven shaping tools i.e. of MEN ORWOMEN.

SKVING OR SPLITING :This machine used for reducing thethickness of the sole or split theunnecessary material. E.g. sole is of3.2mm then SKVING MACHINE reduces itsthickness to 2.5mm or any measurement

we want.

MAKING UPPER:In this stage various types of uppers are made with the fiber & it is

pasted with adhesive (type of glue used for only pasting the parts of

MANUFACTURING OF FOOTWEAR

SOLE MID-SOLE UPPER

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MATERIAL MANAGEMENT

the footwear).Here sewing machine is used for sewing the borders ofthe upper. The uppers are mostly hand made.

JOINING OF MID-SOLE & THE LEATHER: Nowmid-soles are pasted (joined) with the leathersagain with help of adhesive.

PATERNING/PULLING OVER:When uppers are joined with the mid-sole then the process is calledPATERNING with the help of LAST. Most important of these is thecreation of the last. The last is a hand-carved wood or moulded plasticreplica of the human foot. The last determines the contour of the arch

and how evenly the wearers weight will be distributed throughout thefoot. A different last is required for each shoe style and size to beproduced.

JOINING OF SOLE & MID-SOLE:Here finally sole is attached with the mid-sole with the help of adhesive. (if heal isrequired then it is also attached)

GRINDIG EDGE: Through Grinding machine footwear getsthe final finishing & it is also polished.The edge of the soleis ground down with a blade revolving at high speed. Asthere is no ruler the sense of the craftsman is paramount.The technique shines as volume is given by drawing it outand delicacy is perfected by grinding.

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AFTER ALL THIS PROCESS THE FOOTWEAR IS CLEANED &PACKED FOR DISPATHING.

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FIELD WORK REPORT

COMPANY PROFILE:

NAME: ALPHA FOOTWEAR

ADDRESS: LOKHANDE MARG, NEAR GOVANDI STATION

AREA: 1,000 sq. feet TWO STORYED

PRODUCT: LADIES FOOTWEARS

RAW MATERIAL:Leather,PVC Sole,Neolite,Buckles,Zips & etc.

Quality & Quantity depends on the contractors order.Raw Material is basically imported from Chennai.

Labours:10 Labours (8 Male, 2 Females)

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PLANT LAYOUT :

9 9

8

9 99 9

8

Ground Floor

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11

1st Floor

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1. Cutting Machine2. Splitting / Skving Machine3. Office

4. Racks of Last5. Racks of Dye6. Raw Material Rack7. Electricity Supplier8. Grinding Machine9. Toilets

10. Stamping Machine11. Sewing Machine12. Packaging Area13. Colouring Machine14. Grinding Machine.

Material Handling:

At the time of Receiving:They inspect the whole Material at the time of Receiving. They

Check quantity and Quality of the material. If they find any defect in

material then they reject the whole lot of material at that point oftime only.

After they sort the material according to the process and send itto the production process.

They dont utilize any specific equipment or machine fortransferring material from one process to other. They handlematerial manually.

Usually they have 3% Scrap of entire production. They sell it outto the local dealer.

They use the special machines called DEHUMIDIFIERS whichabsorb humidity of the leather specially during rainy season.

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MAINTENANCE

1. Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material.After a person wears them multiple times, the material reforms to fitthe wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes.

2. Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) andappearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.

3.Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes aredesigned to enable this.

4. Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have theirsoles replaced.

5. Shoelace replacement.

6. When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solidwaste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athleticsneakers which can be recycled and turned into other raw materials.See Nike Grind as an example.

7. Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_solid_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_solid_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike_Grindhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoemakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_solid_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_solid_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike_Grindhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoemaking


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BATA VS. LIBERT Y

INTRODUCTION

Shoemaking is one of the world's oldest crafts--shoes have beenworks of art and the stuff of legends. Around the world, the Bata brand

is reserved for well-made and well-priced dress and casual footwear.They were devoted to designing, producing, and providing ourcustomers with the best in commercial fashion footwear for the wholefamily. Bata is one of the world's leading footwear retailers andmanufacturers with operations across 5 continents managed by 4regional Meaningful Business Units (MBUs). The MBUapproach provides quality resources and support in key areas to thecompanies operating in similar markets such as product development,sourcing or marketing support. Each MBU is entrepreneurial in nature,and can quickly adapt to changes in the market place and seize

potential growth opportunities.

Bata's strength lies in its worldwide presence. While localcompanies are self-governing, each one benefits from its link to theinternational organization for back-office systems, product innovationsand sourcing. Although Bata operates in a wide variety of markets,climates and buying power Bata companies share the same leadershippoints. Two important ones are product concept development andconstant improvement of business processes in order to offercustomers great value and the best possible service.

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FEATURES :

1. Sophisticated and strictly controlled of all production processsteps.

2. Respect of Bata shoe Organization quality specifications

3. Supplier selection based on strict compliance and respect forinternational environmental laws and workplace safety, minimumwage and child labour policies

4. Continuous product quality testing and inspection in thelaboratory before, after and during production by a professionalteam of 20 quality inspectors.

The company is currently headquartered in Lausanne,Switzerland, with 4 business units:

Bata Europe, Lausanne

Bata Asia Pacific-Africa, Singapore

Bata Latin America, Mexico City

Bata North America, Toronto

Bata Ltd. is a privately owned global shoe manufacturer andretailer headquartered in Ontario, Canada. The company is led by athird generation of the Bata family. With operations in 68 countries,Bata is organized into four business units. Bata Canada, based in

Toronto, serves the Canadian market with 250 stores. Based in Paris,Bata Europe serves the European market with 500 stores. Withsupervision located in Singapore, Bata International boasts 3,000stores to serve markets in Africa, the Pacific, and Asia, Finally, BataLatin America, operating out of Mexico City, sells footwear throughoutLatin America. All told, Bata owns more than 4,700 retail stores and 46production facilities. Total employment for the company exceeds50,000.

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PRESENT

After the global economic changes in 1990s the company closed almostall its manufacturing factories in developed countries (USA, France,United Kingdom) this caused the elimination of thousands of jobs and itstayed only in retail business there. In developing countries still runmanufacturing, for example in Zimbabwe's third city of Gweru, it is thebiggest shoe manufacturers in Southern Africa outside of South Africa.

BATA TODAY

Today, in the year 2007, Bata Industrials manufactures its

products in an ultramodern production facility in Best, producing abroad range of functional and most of all, fashionable safety shoes andsocks. Products which, as a strong duo, highlight the working man andwhich focus on the elements of safety, health, welfare and comfort ofthe worker on the work floor. Bata Industrials offers a suitable solutionfor every circumstance and type of work floor, solutions which satisfythe strictest safety standards. This solution was also born out of thebroad expertise in terms of research and development and utilisation ofthe medical and biomechanical sciences. Next, via a well-thought outnetwork of dealers and distributors, these products find their way to

professional users, primarily within industry and construction. All of thishas not only made Bata Industrials the market leader in the Beneluxwhen it comes to safety shoes, it is also the only organisation whichtruly operates worldwide in this field.

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INTRODUCTION

Liberty Shoes Ltd. is the only Indian company that is among the top 5manufacturers of leather footwear in the world with a turnoverexceeding U.S. $100 million.

They produce more than 50,000 pairs of footwear a day coveringvirtually every age group and income category. Products are marketedacross the globe through 150 distributors, 350 exclusive showroomsand over 6000 multi-brand outlets, and sold in thousands every day inmore than 25 countries including fashion-driven, quality-obsessednations like France, Italy, and Germany.

With 50 years of excellence, today Liberty produces footwear for theentire family and is a trusted name across the world. In the domesticmarket it is one of the most admired footwear brands and holds thelargest market share for leather footwear.

FEATURES:

1. Liberty as a brand is constantly evolving to keep pace with thechanging trends, styles, beliefs, and aspirations of people whilemaintaining the sanctity of certain traditions like workmanship andgood value.

2. Liberty is today consolidating and expanding its following from the

fashion alloys to the sidewalks with styles that compliment the newestmost happening trends. And also by turning footwear selling into abyword for personalized service in an ambience of five star comforts.This can be experienced in the hundreds of Liberty five star showroomsand shoe stations in India and abroad.

3. its all about making a difference in the lives of thousands of peopleall over India by ensuring direct and indirect employment. Creatingwealth, sharing prosperity, and generating progress. For Liberty, there

can be no greater honor than that and no bigger reason for walking tall.

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4. Social Responsibility:Liberty conducts its business withhonesty, integrity and respect for all

those who come in contact with it incourse of business. Fully appreciative ofthe fact that its reputation stems fromnot just quality products andtechnological innovations but also fromthe manner of its dealings withcustomers, suppliers, governmentofficials and all those who are outside the Liberty Group.

5. Apart from the existing brands, Liberty is busy fashioning the look ofthe future in footwear. Introducing new designs that redefine styles andcomfort associated with the finest in workmanship.

GROWTH:

Better methods. Better tools. Better technology. Enhancedproductivity. Finest quality. Greater customer satisfaction. Liberty has alot of firsts to its credit. It has introduced a new material called TPU(Thermo Plastic Urethane), for high quality footwear, into thecountry. This material has better properties than PVC or TPR(conventional materials used for footwear).Liberty has also beeninstrumental in introducing EVA (Ethyl Vinyl Acetate), which is adirect injection molding used for making sole for the first time in Asia.This technology uses very light material & the footwear is made withthe direct injection system.

Liberty also pioneered the PU (Poly Urethane) Technology inIndia for the footwear industry. Besides this Thermo Plastic Elastomer

has been developed for the first time in India at Liberty. A CAD/CAMdesign center is in place at Liberty. The Sympatex WaterproofTechnology in footwear was pioneered by also Liberty. Liberty is alsothe first company to market PPE products for safety purpose.

They have special centers called them Humantech Centers.When people visit to them, they see them as Centers of Excellence formanufacturing shoes where technology works in perfect tandem withhuman creativity. Liberty has Humantech centers at four locations inIndia, the latest being the Uttaranchal project which was launchedrecently to boost the production of world-class footwear. This

Greenfield plant near Dehradun will increase the company's existingproduction capacity of 18 million units pa by 200,000 units.

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BRANDS OF LIBERTY

Liberty has developed a spectrum of 10 exclusive brands, each ofwhich has been given that extra edge to cater to aspecific target group. Today, the new range fromLiberty is all about style, design, and comfort. Therange imbibes the spirit of fun and is trendy to the core.

Liberty has something for every occasion, for every incomebracket & every age group. It pampers its customer by keeping pacewith global footwear fashion trends & by walking that extra mile whichis why, special care has been taken to make sure that the outlets'

design meets the specific needs & taste of the target groups.

CONCLUSION

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Key PlayersThis section provides business overview and financial status of keyplayers in the Indian footwear market. The key players discussed in the

report are Bata India Ltd., Liberty Shoe Ltd., Khadim India Ltd., AdidasAG, NIKE Inc. and Puma AG.

Footwear is expected to comprise about 60% of the total leatherexports by 2011 from over 38% in 2006-07.

Presently, the Indian footwear market is dominated by Mens footwearmarket that accounts for nearly 58% of the total Indian footwear retailmarket.

The Indian footwear market scores over other footwear markets as itgives benefits like low cost of production, abundant raw material, andhas huge consumption market.

The footwear component industry also has enormous opportunity forgrowth to cater to increasing production of footwear of various types,both for export and domestic market.

Inappropriate footwear, foot problems and foot pain are

contributing factors for postural instability

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

We got the information from various sources that are

www.yahoo.com

www.google.co.in

www.answers.com

www.libertyshoesltd.com

www.batashoes.com

We also visited theALPHA FOOTWEAR for PROJECT FIELDand the OWNER OF ALPHAMR.KISHORE MANEprovide theright information which is required for our project.
http://www.yahoo.com/http://www.google.co.in/http://www.answers.com/http://www.libertyyshoesltd.com/http://www.batashoes.com/http://www.yahoo.com/http://www.google.co.in/http://www.answers.com/http://www.libertyyshoesltd.com/http://www.batashoes.com/

footware (material mgt)

Documents