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RALPH & CURL ENGINEERS

CITY OF COLUMBUS, OHIO

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIESDIVISION OF ELECTRICITY

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AMaster PlanforStreet Lights

THE CITY OF COLUMBUSGREGORY S. LASHUTKA, MAYOR

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIESJOHN R. DOUTT, P.E., DIRECTOR

DIVISION OF ELECTRICITYHENRY A. BELL, P.E., ADMINISTRATOR

CITY COUNCIL

MICHAEL B. COLEMAN, PRESIDENTMARYELLEN O'SHAUGHNESSY, PUBLIC UTILITIES CHAIRJENNETTE B. BRADLEYMATTHEW D. HABASHMICHAEL C. MENTELRICHARD W. SENSENBRENNERCHARLETA B. TAVARES

PLANNING PANEL MEMBERS

PAUL BINGLECAROL BOHUMOLSKIRICHARD BUCHSIEBALINA BUTLERCRAIG COPELANDDONNA EISNICHERMORT FRIEDMANROB HANOVERJOHN MCGORYART MITTENBERGSLINDA SCOTHORNDANIEL THOMASHOWARD THORNTON IIIALBERT WALTER

TED C. VOLLMUTH, PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICER

100 WATT HPSCOBRAHEADLUMINAIRE

ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE

TYPICALM O U N T I N GHEIGHT 26'-0"

4'-12'

100 WATT HPSACORN STYLELUMINAIRE

12'-6"

DECORATIVEPOST TOP STYLE,FIBERGLASS(PAINTED BLACK)

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Table of Contents

Introduction to the Planning Process 3

Executive Summary 4

Policies of the Master Plan 6

Part I - Street Light Education 7

Introduction 8Philosophy of Street Lights 9Importance of Good Lighting 10Street Light Definitions 11Anatomy of a Street Light 12Basics of Street Light Design 14Street Light Maintenance 15

Part II Street Lighting in the City of Columbus 16

Introduction 17Division of Electricity History 18Operation and Budget 19Project 2020 20Street Light Installation Since 1988 21The Columbus Comprehensive Plan 26Issues 27

Part III - The Master Plan 28

Introduction 29Street Lighting Priorities 30Goals and Objectives 31Future Project Ranking Format 34Planning Principles and Design 35A City-wide Lighting System 36Introduction toColumbus Neighborhoods 42Inventory Description 57Street light Inventory and Index 64Implementation 65Appendix- 72Street Lighting by Planning Area

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The Planning Process

Introduction

The City of Columbus Division of Electricity (DOE) has beenmaintaining and operating street lights since 1899. Streetlighting was and still is the DOE�s primary mission. As of 1998the DOE maintains over 40,000 street lights. The City haskept up to date with new technology as it is very aggressivelyreplacing outdated or obsolete circuits. Approximately 59%of the City's 1,842 miles of streets are lighted. In 1992, theMayor initiated Project 2020 which has as its primary goalthe lighting of all Columbus neighborhoods.

As the installation of street lights has progressed beyondthe relatively compact central city neighborhoods, theDOE's planners anticipate new growth and developmentrelated issues to be faced by the City. Due to the potentialsize of the system and the number of varied neighborhoodinterests it will eventually serve, the DOE concluded thatthe size of the Columbus street lighting system now warrantsthe adoption of updated written policies and guidelines.As the system grows, the DOE will be in a much betterposition to serve the citizens of Columbus. In response tothis desire, the City of Columbus has initiated acomprehensive street lighting master plan process.

A 15-member planning oversight panel representing theColumbus Neighborhood Review Board has been createdand was charged with this mission :

To conduct a citizen based street lighting master planprocess that will result in the development of acomprehensive and planned approach to installing andupgrading lighting for the streets of Columbus. In additionto promoting the goals of providing safety and security, themaster plan will also serve to establish a lighting system onpublic ways that will contribute to the appearance andimage of the City’s distinctive neighborhoods in a mannerthat is within the City’s resources to implement.

The Panel will make its recommendations to theNeighborhood Review Board who in turn will makerecommendations to the Department of Public Utilities. TheDepartment will use the recommendations to prepare andsubmit a plan to the City Council.

The Street Lighting Master Plan will be divided into threeparts:

Part I (Street Light Education) serves to educate the publicabout street lights. The planning process cannot start fromground zero. The Division of Electricity is obligated to adhereto many standards for safety, liability and economics. TheDOE is seeking to provide lighting and implementationchoices to neighborhoods with different needs and interests.The range of choice will be determined during the planningprocess. These choices must meet certain operatingstandards and be within the City's resources to implement.

Part II (Street Lighting in the City of Columbus) will providean overview of the Columbus street lighting operation fromits beginning in 1899 to the present. The DOE�s history,mission, funding and inventory will be identified in order toframe the planning issues found at the end of this section.

Part III is the Master Plan. The Master Plan will be divided

into three phases as follows:

• Street Lighting Priorities - This phase will include anexamination of functional, design and financialissues so that broad city policies may bedeveloped with respect to city-wide goals,objectives, priorities and implementation.

• Planning Principles and Design - This phase willaddress design issues. Design guidelines will bedeveloped to satisfy the desire for functional as wellas aesthetically pleasing street lights. The MasterPlan will establish requirements for appropriateluminaire choices for the various neighborhoods.A process will be developed by which eachneighborhood may choose a luminaire as thepreferred neighborhood standard.

• Payment and Procedures - This part of the processwill deal with implementation issues. This phase willconsider and provide options that will balance thedesire for more decorative fixtures and thewillingness of property owners to pay for them.Underlying these issues is the desire to bring order,consistency and economy to the street light system.

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ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE


4'-12'

Executive Summary

The City of Columbus has been distributing electricity fornearly 100 years. In 1910, the City began selling powerto private companies in an effort to pay for the cost ofgenerating and supplying power to the public streetlighting system. The Columbus Division of Electricity (DOE)purchases power from American Municipal Power (AMP)Ohio and sells a portion of that power to retail electriccustomers to cover nearly all of the Division's operationand expenses. As of 1998, the Division of Electricitymaintains over 40,000 street lights.

In 1992, Mayor Gregory Lashutka instituted Project 2020which set the DOE on a course to light the public ways ofColumbus by the year 2020. Street lights are installed aspart of the City's bond program. Street lights are alsoinstalled by a petition assessment of property owners. Thethird means of implementation is by developers who havebeen required to install street lights in new subdivisionssince 1990.

Since the inception of Project 2020 in 1992, a number oftrends and conditions have emerged which has causedthe need to reexamine how Project 2020 is implemented.These trends and conditions include:

� An increased public awareness and advocacy for improved urban design.

� A desire by many residents to have more control overwhat happens within the public right-of-way.

� The planning recommendations of the ColumbusComprehensive Plan, Priorities '95, and CampusPartners, all of which recommended that municipaldecision making be strongly linked to goals relatedto increasing the character and desirability ofColumbus' neighborhoods. These decisions involvethe delivery of city services, scheduling of capitalimprovements, and the regulation of privatedevelopment.orh


12'-6"


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Executive Summary, cont.

be in the neighborhoods of the Northland area and in theNorthwest part of the City.

Part II Planning and Design Principles

The Street Lighting Master Plan differentiates between thevarious classifications of pedestrian and vehicular ways inorder to establish lighting level and quality standards. Thestandards are in a large part based on the nationalstandard established by the Illuminating EngineeringSociety (IES). Wattage requirements, mounting height,pole arrangement and spacing recommendations are alsomade for each type of traveled way. Optional light stylesare also offered for the various classifications. A series ofplanning principles are recommended for major streetswhere lighting design must primarily be designed to guidethe motorist along the roadway. On major streets, mastarm type installations are recommended to provideconsistency along major segments of the road. Post toptype installations may be used along major streets in olderneighborhoods when they are installed on long stretchesof road and where there are no substantial existing powerpoles and overhead wires.

On collector intermediate and local streets, decorativefixtures are recommended when the street has nosubstantial existing aerial lines, and directly servesresidences in the same manner as neighborhood streets.

The Street Lighting Master Plan uses the neighborhoodprototype delineations of the Columbus ComprehensivePlan to make street light hardware recommendations forlocal streets.

The street light installations of the entire city-wide systemwill come from an inventory that was developed from asample of fixtures and poles installed at Wolfe Park. Thechosen inventory was determined to be compatible withmost urban design situations found along the streets ofColumbus. Deviations from this inventory are not permittedunless it can be demonstrated how or why the urban designof a particular area requires special treatment.

Part III Implementation

The Street Lighting Master Plan recommends that Project2020 continue to be implemented with bond projects, bypetition assessment projects and developer installations.The Division of Electricity must begin to prepare a five (5)year capital improvement program that will install streetand alley lights in the four priority areas beginning in theyear 2000. These areas include Near South/Buckeye in thesouth, Eastmoor/Walnut Ridge in the east, Hilltop in thewest, and Clintonville/North Linden in the north.

As the Master Plan recognizes that undergroundinstallations are preferable, the DOE will promote andfacilitate the installation of ornamental fixtures more thanit has in the past. To do this the Division will proactivelyparticipate in the assessment petition process. The keysto proactive implementation will include:

� An affirmation to property owners that the post topstreet lights are the preferred installation; however,the standard service option is available.

� Pre-designated assessment area boundaries.� A city letter campaign advising residents of the

program.� Neighborhood pre-selection of a preferred

ornamental fixture.� Pre-engineering and cost estimate at the

commencement of the process.

Within neighborhoods in which the City initiates lightingprojects, property owners will choose between thestandard option at no cost to property owners or anornamental option whose cost will be assessed. Non-targeted areas for the time being will only have theassessment petition option. The Division must continuallymonitor citizen preferences to determine how the goalsof the Master Plan may best be achieved over the years.

The Street Lighting Master Plan identifies the minimumhardware and design requirements that are necessary forpublic street lighting. The Master Plan recognizes a needto provide street lighting that exists beyond typical orstandard situations. The use of specialty lighting should belimited to "districts" that have design characteristics thatdo not fit typical urban design characteristics foundthroughout the City. The Street Lighting Master Planestablishes a process by which City Council will designatespecial districts where it has been demonstrated that:

� The district has well articulated design goals thatare consistent with city-wide design goals.

� The district includes special pedestrian-orientedfunctions.

� The architecture of the district bears consistentrelation to the street.

� The project is associated with the community andeconomic development goals of the community.

In response to these trends and conditions, the ColumbusStreet Lighting Master Plan establishes street lightingdevelopment and design policies that balance safety,security and aesthetics. The guiding principles of the StreetLighting Master Plan include:

� The development of a city-wide street lightingsystem that has a well-developed inventory ofreadily available fixtures and poles that arecompatible with most urban situations found on thestreets and in the neighborhoods of Columbus.

� A provision for neighborhood choice in determiningappropriate street light installations.

� An operating principle that recognizes streetlighting installations with underground wiring to bepreferable to those with overhead wiring.

� Implementation procedures that encourage and aidColumbus residents in their effort to havedecorative lighting installed.

Part I Street Lighting Priorities

The Street Lighting Master Plan recommends that the Cityalter its concentric implementation pattern and engagelarge areas in the planning process with the intention ofimplementing projects city-wide. As the Division ofElectricity formulates its next five year capitalimprovement program, it is recommended thatappropriate funds be budgeted to accomodate lightingprojects to complete potential basic service projects, aswell as to contribute to assessment projects.

The Divisions first proirity will be to light scattered pocketsof unlit neighborhoods that exist throughout the City.Projects should be initiated in these areas as they areidentified. The Division may then institute projects withinpartially lit planning areas and/or the large neighborhoodsinside of I-270. The partially lit planning areas are likely tobe the large neighborhoods that serve as transitionalneighborhoods between pre-1910 development anddevelopment of the 1960's and 1970's. This would includeall of the neighborhoods that comprise Clintonville, Hilltop,North Linden, Eastmoor/Walnut Ridge area and NearSouth/Buckeye area. The Master Plan estimates that it willtake approximately five years to light all of theseneighborhoods. This includes alley lights where feasible.To establish smaller priority targets within the larger areas,the Division of Electricity will initiate a review process thatwill prioritize areas using specific criteria developed withinthe Plan. The Division's contribution to an assessmentproject will represent the same budget amount as the thecost of installing the basic service. In addition to budgetingfor potential basic service installation projects, the Divisionof Electricity must also budget for contributions to futureassessment projects throughout the City, most likely to

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Policies of the Master PlanGiven the goals of the Plan:

1. All street light installations must first meet standardsfor safety and security.

2. All planning for street lighting projects will strive forconsistency and quality.

3. It will be the Division of Electricity's first implementationpriority to make street lighting available to areas ofthe City that are not currently serviced or partiallylighted.

4. It is the City's policy to encourage and enableproperty owners to conduct an assessment/petitionprocess for street lighting.

5. All new decorative installations are to be paid forwith funds other than what is available through theDivision of Electricity. When funds are available, theCity will contribute up to 20% of the cost of decorativefixtures in unlighted areas. Within new subdivisions, theentire cost will be paid by developers.

6. Decorative street lighting project requests will beevaluated against the larger urban design/aestheticcontext of the neighborhood, major street ordevelopment in which it is proposed. Each projectmust be of a size and scope to be part of a well-defined neighborhood, precinct or subarea.

7. All street and alley light installations will be limited tothe City's inventory as approved in the Master Plan. TheDOE inventory was established to provide decorativestreet lighting that is complementary to most urbandesign instances throughout the City. Requests forinstallations other than those found in the City'sinventory must meet the criteria established forspecial districts and be approved by City Council.

8. Existing light poles may be used for regulatorysignage after the review and approval of theDivision of Electricity. This measure will minimizeclutter within right-of-way.

9. Existing power poles will be utilized for theinstallation of mast arm fixtures to minimize clutterin the right-of-way.

10. Post top fixtures are not recommended when thesefixtures will be under existing overhead lines. Theseinstallations will only serve to increase clutter alongthe right-of-way and will result in over lighting andenergy waste if the post top fixtures merelysupplement existing street lighting.

11. Requests for decorative streetlights will be reviewedby existing neighborhood associations orcommissions (where they exist) to ensure thedesirability of the proposed installation andpotential for increasing the size of the assessmentarea.

12. For purposes of consistency and continuity,assessment projects within large unlitneighborhoods must have the minimumparticipation of 100 households.

13. The proportional benefits or per lot method isrecognized as the preferred method of assessment.

14. The Division of Electricity will incorporate cut-offmast arm fixtures to reduce glare and decreasesky pollution whenever possible.

The Columbus Street Lighting Master Plan recommendsthe following policies be put in place to guide theimplementation of Project 2020.

Part I:Street Light Education

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Introduction

To effectively participate in the planning process, it isimportant that all panel members have a basicknowledge of street lighting philosophy, hardware anddesign. Technical lighting terminology will be kept to aminimum; however a basic understanding of street andalley light systems is necessary to understand the Divisionof Electricity's current policies and guidelines. Thisunderstanding will also be relevant later in the process torecommend ways the operation may be improved.

Street Light Education

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Orientation is the development of the visual sense oflocation, destination, direction and route. This assists driversand pedestrians with their desired activities (understandingdriving lanes, intersections, pedestrian crosswalks, locatingbuildings, entrances, etc.) Patterns of luminaires and thealignment of poles should be designed to provide visualguidances.

Aesthetics refers to the contributions that street lights maketoward a visually appealing and distinctive image for theneighborhoods and for the City of Columbus as a whole.Street lights should be compatible with their surroundingsduring the day; should not contribute to visual clutter; andshould help transform a street into an attractive, publicplace for its users day or night.

Safety refers to the ability of the users, both pedestrians anddrivers, to reach their destinations without causinginadvertent physical harm to themselves or others. Particularconcern in the City context are areas of conflict betweenautomobiles and pedestrians.

Security is the freedom from deliberate harm or threat by others. Street lighting must therefore create a sense of security.Good lighting design contributes to an environment that appears well maintained, well defined and without shadowy hidingplaces. This not only promotes a sense of security but also deters potential assailants. These two illustrations depict an alleywithout and with, respectively, proper lighting - important for a secure environment.

The illustrations on this page are graphic representations oflighting patterns. Actual lighting will differ depending onthe situation.

The basic functions of street and alley lighting are toprovide safety and security. However, to promote theimage of a visually appealing and uncluttered city, it isalso very important that street lighting be approachedfrom the standpoint of both orientation and aesthetics.Essentially, street and alley lighting allows people tocomplete tasks at night.

Aesthetically, street lighting must go beyond its primaryfunction of illumination and serve to reinforce the existingphysical organization of the City at night and to enhancethe image and best features of the City during the day.

Planning Questions:

� Should the City go beyond the goals of safety andsecurity and use street lighting to improve the City'sappearance and image?

� If yes, how can this best be accomplished givenvaried neighborhood needs and preferences, andlimited city resources?

Philosophy of Street Lights


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Modern street lighting technology has come a long wayin the last 30 years to provide lighting that better satisfiesvisual needs, is more energy efficient, and serves toreduce the various nuisances associated with some olderstyle lighting fixtures. The Division of Electricity workedhard to develop a system that is well planned. Poorlydesigned lighting often results in light straying where itdoesn't belong, causing light pollution, and reducingsafety by causing distracting and blinding glare for driversand pedestrians. Wasted light, glare, overlighting, lighttrespass and clutter all contribute to light pollution. (TheDivision of Electricity adheres to standards developed bythe Illuminating Engineering Society [IES]).

Good lighting is important and must be planned. Whenplanning for street lights--more is not necessarily betterand not every fixture will meet the City's designrequirements for a good street lighting system.

The illustrations on this page are graphic representationsof lighting patterns. Actual lighting will differ dependingon the situation. These illustrations identify the nuisancescreated by poor lighting fixtures and design. The basicsof good lighting design are found on the pages thatfollow.

Planning Questions:

� How should neighborhood groups, various CityDivisions, and other agencies work together topromote consistently good lighting and designpractices?

� What should the DOE do to further implement andpromote a well planned street lighting system?

� As a user of the City's streets and sidewalks, whatsuggestions do you have that would enhance thestreet lighting system?

The Importance of Good Lighting


Glare results from too much light which makes things harderto see, forming harsh shadows (and good hiding places) aswell as blind spots for drivers - all causing safety concerns.

Clutter ("noise") refers to any factors that interfere with ordistract the user's attention away from the desired visualsignals (signs regarding entry or displaying information, etc.).Many other overhead utilities including telephone, cableTV, and traffic signals, contribute to this "noise." Lightingshould be designed to enhance the visual signals andreduce the visual "noise."

Light trespass results from light "spilling over" from poor qualityfixtures or substandard installations.

Wasted Light - peak candlepower of the light is not reachingthe necessary area - the street- and thus is wasted.

Overlighting can be avoided by not duplicating lightfixtures.

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Controlled Light - light is directed toward the necessary area- the street.

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Ballast: a device that modifies incoming voltage andcontrols current to provide the electrical conditionsnecessary to start and operate electrical discharge lamps.

Brightness: as commonly applied, brightness is the intensityof the sensation which results from viewing a surface orspace which directs light into the eye.

Footcandle: a unit for measuring the amount of illuminationon the street or sidewalk. One footcandle is equal to theamount of light generated by one candle shining on asquare foot surface one foot away.

HID (High Intensity Discharge) Lamp: a lamp that generateslarge quantities of light with electric arches through smalltubes. Most lamps in the City of Columbus are HID Lamps.

High Pressure Sodium (HPS): "pinkish/amber" energyefficient light source. HPS lamps have about a four yearlife span. This is the DOE's standard light source.

Illuminance: the amount of light falling on a surface-measured in lux (lx) or footcandles (fc).

Illuminating Engineering Society Standards: standardsdevised by the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) toprovide guidelines for the lighting industry. The DOE adheresto these standards.

Iso-footcandle line: a line plotted on a set of coordinatesto show all points on a surface where equal illuminancesoccur. Iso-lines are usually drawn in concentric circularpatterns.

Lamp: a light source, commonly called a bulb or tube.

Lumens: a unit for measuring the amount of light energygiven off by a light source (lamp).

Luminaire: a complete lighting fixture including one or morelamps and a means for connection to a power source.Many luminaires also include one or more ballasts andelements to position and protect lamps and distribute thelight.

Lateral light distribution: light patterns can be variedaccording to the needs of a particular situation. The properlight pattern and fixture should be chosen for specificpurposes.

Low Pressure Sodium (LPS): yellow light with poor colorrendition but very energy efficient. This is the light that DOEuses in alleys and underpasses. This fixture used in theseinstances is very vandal proof.

Trenchless Construction: a means of installing undergroundcable by boring from fixture to fixture. This method ofinstallation is used by DOE to leave tree lawns and sidewalksundisturbed.

Watts: a unit of electrical power. Lights on residential streetsare 100 watts. Lights on major streets can range from 250watts to 400 watts (on freeways) depending on themounting height and the width of the road.

Street Lighting Definitions

An attempt will be made to keep technical terminologyto a minimum, however some basic knowledge of lightingdefinitions and terminology is necessary to understandthe principles of lighting design as described on the nextpage.

The design of street lighting systems involves the provisionof adequate lighting levels over a uniform or evenpattern. The definitions on this page pertain to theplanning and design of lighting systems.


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Cobrahead fixture - The standard fixture of the City Full cutoff fixture - directs all the light toward the ground sonone escapes out of the sides or into the sky

When street lights are installed the lamp position is aimed to determine a desired light distribution. The light output anddirection are further controlled by reflector and optical assemblies within the fixture. A luminaire consists of a light sourceand its apparatus such as a globe, reflector, refractor, etc.

A bracket is an attachment to a pole from which theluminaire is suspended

A refractor controls and redirects the light emitted by thelamp and advancing off the reflector by means of prisms.A refractor is constructed of glass or polycarbonate material.The refractor usually is integral to the outer globe or is aseparate piece installed within the globe surrounding thelamp.

A reflector changes the direction of light rays and redirectslight into a more desirable light pattern. A reflector consistsof a specular surface usually mounted above the lamp.

Anatomy of a Street Light

A modern street light is much more than a light bulbhoused within a fixture. There are many different lampsand pole types of various color, shape and wattage. TheDOE currently maintains an inventory of different fixturesand poles. The city inventory of lighting hardware waschosen based on the technical attributes of the lamp toproduce a desired light quality and quantity. The lightsalso underwent an economic evaluation of energy andmaintenance costs.

For reasons of cost and efficiency, the cobra head fixtureon a treated wood pole is the City's standard fixture. Aswill be explained later in this report, the DOE has estimatedthat it can service the entire City with this fixture at nocost to the taxpayer. Other more distinctive fixtures andunderground wiring are much more costly and thereforebeyond the DOE's resources to install withoutsupplemental resources (see Street Lighting in Columbus).

A comprehensive city-wide street lighting diagramorganizes the City by providing a perceptible transitionfrom major roadways to local streets. The fixtures mayalso be used to highlight historical neighborhoods, areasof special architecture and other neighborhood urbandesign qualities. This organization is achieved by usingdifferent combinations of pole heights, location, lightinglevels and fixture types.


Post-top fixture - a luminaire that is mounted on top of alight pole. In most instances the post top luminaire isdecorative in appearance; due to its lower luminairemounting, it utilizes lower wattage lamps (100 watt-150 wattHPS). Its use is limited to narrower streets, unlesssupplemented with other conventional style lighting.

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Treated Wood Pole -The standard pole of the City

Transformer Base

Overhead

Pole types

Aluminum Pole Cast Iron Pole/Fiberglass Pole - no visual difference

Decorative Base -(typical of post-top fixtures)

Underground

Base types

Wiring Installation

Anatomy of a Street Light, cont.

� Is the DOE's hardware inventory capable of meetingthe urban design goals of all Columbusneighborhoods?

� Are there fixtures in the City's existing inventory thatare outdated and not likely to be a fixture of choice?

� Can the City develop a hardware inventory that isadaptable to technological change, yet is consistentover time?

� What fixture and pole combinations are appropriatein distinct Columbus neighborhoods?

� How should residents select the appropriate lightingfixture for their neighborhood?

� How can smaller pockets of lighted areas build upcoherently over time into a consistent lightingtreatment for the whole neighborhood?

Planning Questions:


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The design of roadway lighting systems involvesconsideration of visibility, economic, aesthetics, safety,and environmental conditions, as well as appropriatematerial and equipment.

It is important that roadway lighting is planned on thebasis of traffic information, which includes the factorsnecessary to provide for traffic safety and pedestriansecurity. Some of the factors applicable to the specificproblems that should be considered are:

1. The type of land use development adjacent to theroadway or walkway.

2. The type of route (roadway classification).

3. Traffic accident experience.

4. Nighttime security needs.

5. Roadway conditions such as:

� width of pavement and location of curbs� steep grades and curves� location and width of sidewalks and

shoulders� location of very high volume driveways,

intersections and interchanges;underpasses and overpasses;

� location of trees.

The DOE adheres to lighting design criteria that are basedon national standards of good visibility. These standardsare developed by the Illuminating Engineering Society(IES).

Planning Question:

� How should the master plan balance the relationshipbetween traffic/pedestrian safety, low initialconstruction cost, minimal operation andmaintenance expenses and aesthetic appearance?

Quality of Lighting

Quality of lighting (illumination value) relates to the relativeability of the available light to permit people to make quick,accurate and comfortable detection and/or recognitionof the cues required for a seeing task. The maintainedilluminance value is expressed in candelas per square foot.The DOE requires an average of .4 to 1.7 footcandlesdepending on the classification of the roadway.

Lighting Uniformity

Uniformity standards were developed to eliminate anabrupt light to dark pattern between fixtures. The ratio iscalculated by using the average illumination of theroadway design area between two adjacent luminaires,divided by the lowest value at any point in the area. .

Luminaire Mounting Heights

The proper luminaire mounting height is a function of polespacing, proximity to the street, luminaire type (light output)and distribution (size of area to be lighted). These factorsall work together to achieve the desired uniformity andlevels of illuminance.

LuminaireIsoline

Luminaire Spacing

The spacing of luminaires is influenced by the location ofutility poles, block lengths, property lines and roadwaygeometry. The spacing -to-mounting height ratio must bewithin the range of lighting distribution for which theluminaire is designed.

Lighting Plan

Lighting plans show the locations of all pole mounted fixturesand a grid of lighting levels, in foot candles, that the fixtureswill produce on the street and sidewalk. Lighting systemdesigners use photometric data to prepare lighting plans.Lighting manufacturers provide photometric data for eachtype and make of luminaire and lamp that may beconsidered. The photometric data is entered into acomputer program along with a drawing of the roadway.The program will produce a photo report that indicates theminimum and maximum footcandle levels on the street andsidewalk. The designer then makes adjustments to accountfor property lines and other existing conditions.

The Basics of Good Lighting Design


Average Illuminance

The average illuminance is the sum value of all pointsincluded in the analysis divided by the number of points.

Uniformity Ratio (Average/Minimum) is the ratio of theaverage illumination value to the lowest illumination (theiso-line farthest away from the fixture). Poles are spacedso that there is some light overlap to decrease dark spots.The DOE requires a lighting uniformity of 3 to 1 on majorstreets, 4 to 1 on collector streets and 6 to 1 on residentialstreets

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Planning Questions:

� What consideration should be given to ongoingmaintenance programs within the Master Plan?

� How does fixture inventory affect maintenancecapability?

� What is the recommended cycle of lampreplacement and how does that affect the projectedbudget of the DOE?

The term light maintenance has a double meaning. Onone hand maintenance refers to the care and upkeepof the lighting hardware. This would include cleaning,refurbishing and replacing poles, fixtures, lamps andballasts. Lighting maintenance also refers to themaintenance of the proper illumination levels on thestreets and walkways. A publication of the New EnglandLight Pollution Advisory reports that "under severeconditions, fixtures can lose in excess of 50 percent oftheir original efficiency and seem to still be doing its job."The report goes on to say that "no lighting installationcontinues to provide the original design levels over time,because lamps become less efficient, fixtures becomedirty, and lamp and fixture electrical components fail."When these factors are combined with knocked overpoles and downed wires, the City's maintenance functionbecomes a considerable portion of the overall budget.As the number of street lights grows, the expense ofmaintaining the system is one of the largest concerns.

The DOE responds very quickly to reports of damaged orfailed lamps. Not only is the unlighted area affected bythe loss of visibility, but the contrast between lighted anddark areas may decrease the effectiveness of theadjacent lights. In the interest of safety and security theCity responds to over 20 reports of failed lights every night.A well planned lighting system when combined with aprogram of regular light replacement will serve to keepmaintenance costs in check as well as ensure lightuniformity.

Street Light Maintenance


The DOE is equipped to respond to maintenance of overhead and underground lines.

The DOE maintains all freeway lighting under contract with the Ohio Department ofTransportation.

The DOE responds to over 20 reports of failed lamps per night.

Part II:Street Lighting in theCity of Columbus

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This portion of the text/presentation is to familiarize thePanel and the public with the Division of Electricity, itshistory, mission, budget and its commitment to a long-range lighting program called Project 2020. Theinformation as it will be presented, develops a logicalframework in which the current issues surrounding streetlighting may be identified. Participants in the processwill share a common perspective as the planning issuesare identified and discussed.

Introduction

Street Lighting in theCity of Columbus

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A Historical Perspective

• 1899- The Municipal Light Plant is on line.

• 1910- The City begins to sell power to private companies.

• 1933- Revenues from the sale of electricity exceed operatingcosts of the plant and street lights. No tax money isneeded to operate the service.

• 1943- The municipal power operation is transferred from theWater Department and becomes the Division of Electricity(DOE).

• 1970's- The old municipal power plant is the subject of EPAscrutiny over emissions from the boilers.

• 1977- Voters approve a bond issue for a Waste Energy PowerPlant.

• 1983- The Waste to Energy Facility is on line.

• 1988- Voters approve a bond issue for street lighting withinpre-designated target areas. Prior to this, projects wereselected from a running list of petitions.

• 1990- Developers are required to install street lights withinnew subdivisions.

• 1994- The Solid Waste Authority of Central Ohio closes theWaste to Energy Facility.

• 1994- New street light bond issue is approved by thevoters.

• 1995- DOE purchases all of its power from AMP-Ohio.

• 1998- DOE conducts a comprehensive street lighting process.

Division of Electricity History


The Division of Electricity (DOE), originally part of the WaterDepartment, began operations in 1899 with thecompletion of the municipal power plant. The plant wasspecifically constructed to generate power for streetlighting. The plant operated only at night, until the Citydiscovered that the plant could also make money. From1910 to the present the power plant gradually increasedthe sale of its surplus energy and the revenues from thiswere credited against the cost of operating the plantand street lighting system. Beginning with the year 1933,the revenues had exceeded the operating and fixedcharges sufficiently to provide free lighting without usingtax money from the General Fund. This is still the missionof the DOE in 1997.

Planning Questions:

� Is the DOE mission of providing a revenue-supportedstreet lighting service still a valid pursuit?

� How can the DOE remain healthy and robust overthe next 100 years?

� How can DOE build on the past to become anexciting model of the future?

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These mission and vision statements below are printedon cards carried by every employee of the Division ofElectricity.

Mission Statement

"The Columbus Department of Public Utilities, Division ofElectricity provides reliable street lighting for people livingin or traveling through the City, with the total cost of thesystem supported by the sale of electricity."

Vision

The Division of Electricity is responsible for maintainingthe City's street lighting system, and providing reliable,competitively priced electricity to residential,commercial and industrial customers. Our responsibilityfor efficient, high quality service extends to the generalpublic, because we are a locally owned electric utility.We believe our commitment to provide the resourcesnecessary for our employees to perform to their potentialtranslates into an above average level of service to thepublic and our electric customers.

Planning Questions:

� How can the City's street lighting resources beallocated to fulfill street lighting goals and objectivesthat are adopted as part of the master plan?

� What should the DOE do to increase its level of serviceto the citizens of Columbus?

Customers

Mayor

SupportServices

Fiscal

DataProcessing

Personnel

ClericalSupport

Engineering

CustomerDevelopment

Engineering

Street Lighting

CapitalProjects

PurchasePower

Drafting

Distribution

Underground

Overhead

Dispatch Center

Metering

Fleet

Transformers/Substations

Maintenance/Storeroom

CustomerService

CustomerService

Representatives

CustomerAccounting

Meter Reading

Administration

Administrator

AssistantAdministrator

ChiefEngineer

AdministrativeAssistant

PublicInformation

CityCouncil

DirectorDepartment ofPublic Utilities

Operation and Budget of the Division ofElectricity


AMP-Ohio

The DOE purchases all of its power from an organizationcalled AMP-Ohio. AMP-Ohio is an acronym for AmericanMunicipal Power Ohio, a nonprofit, wholesale powersupplier and trade association. This corporation serves 79municipalities by purchasing and generating power to servetheir customers, and by arranging transmission services todeliver that power. Other support services are also providedto ensure that member municipalities serve their electriccustomers at the least possible cost.

There are 84 community-owned electric systems operatingstatewide. Among the local governments with their ownsystems are Columbus, Cleveland, Hamilton, Bowling Green,and Westerville. These municipal systems pay public utilityexcise taxes on wholesale power purchases through AMP-Ohio and investor owned utilities.

Division of Electricity Budget

The DOE's budget for street lighting projects has beenapproximately $2.1 million for each of the three years priorto 1998. It is the DOE's long term plan to budget an amountof money that would cover the entire cost of approximately1,500 standard fixtures and cover the partial cost of 150decorative fixtures installed through assessment. Developerspay for and install approximately 660 lights per year.

In 1998...

• 1,451 street lights were installed using voterapproved bond funds.

• There were no street lights installed under theUrban Infrastructure Recovery Program althoughthere are a number of projects in the planningstage. 344 street lights were installed in 1996.

• 830 street lights were installed by developers.

Electricity operations including maintenance and energyfor the street lighting system are self-sustaining. The Citydistributes and sells enough energy to pay these costs.

The Division of Electricity Organizational Chart

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Excerpts from Project 2020

"It Began in 1899....

Project 2020 is the latest program in a proud history of serviceto the community from the Columbus Division of Electricity.One hundred years ago when City fathers decided to starta municipal electric system, they recognized the benefitsof street lighting. Columbus was much smaller then, just afew well kept neighborhoods. Several hundred street lightsilluminated our Midwestern community at the turn of thecentury.

By the 1990's we were maintaining a massive street lightingnetwork of over 39,000 lights. We estimate tripling thisnumber before we have reached our goal of totallyilluminating Columbus by the year 2020.

Customer Service As Our Goal.....

Whether it is providing a sound, long range program to lightall our neighborhoods or providing reliable, low costelectricity to support this ambitious goal, the bottom line isexcellence in customer service.

Everyone benefits from these devices. Wherever you go inColumbus, you will feel more secure because of streetlighting. Even if you do not buy electricity from theColumbus Division of Electricity, your rates are lowerbecause of competition. Giving you a choice of electricityproviders keeps utility costs in line.

Mayor Greg Lashutka recognized the importance of streetlighting as an integral part of a modern city's efforts toupgrade its infrastructure. He charged us with maximizingthis service by developing a long-range plan whichculminated with adoption of Project 2020. Throughout theplanning process our concept was how to construct aprogram to continuously improve this valuable customerservice. We believe the foresight, which began with theMayor, will be recognized as a major improvement in thequality of living in this community in the future.

Columbus is your community, one of the greatest cities inAmerica. We want it to be recognized nationwide as oneof the premier places to live and work.

How We Do It....

The way we pay for our comprehensive, and complex streetlighting program is a combination of sound fiscal methods.Under Project 2020 these methods will not change.

The majority of neighborhood lighting will be paid for withvoter approved bond funding. We borrow the money andpay it back out of our revenues. This is a sound businessapproach.

As the City grows with new commercial and residentialdevelopments, street lights are installed. The City passedlandmark legislation in 1990 which requires developers topay for the installation of lights. After the lights are installed,the Division of Electricity maintains them and provides freeenergy.

Also, existing neighborhoods that want new street lights areoffered the option of petitioning for lighting. Manyneighborhood residents have taken this option to pay for aportion of the lights on their property tax bills over a periodof ten years.

We work with all neighborhood organizations to findsolutions to their lighting needs.

We're Public Powerful....

The Columbus Division of Electricity exemplifies the best tobe found in municipality owned utilities. We are locallyowned and operated. We often solicit community inputconcerning street lighting. The driving force behind thedevelopment of Project 2020 is the many requests wereceive from neighborhoods for improved lighting. Thestrength of this program comes from our shareholders, thepeople of Columbus.

Supporting Project 2020 through the sale of electricity tothousands of homes and businesses makes sense. Taxdollars do not have to be diverted for our operations. Thisgives the Mayor and City Council greater flexibility insupporting other, critically important City services.

Safer Neighborhoods....

Columbus is not one, large metropolitan area. It is acollection of close knit neighborhoods of friendly people.The City's residents take pride in their neighborhoods, strivingto maintain a warm atmosphere as well as a comfortablequality of life.

Street lighting, our primary mission, helps keepneighborhoods safer from the threat of crime. Lawenforcement officials will tell you criminals like to lurk in thedark. Take the dark away and they are less likely to strike.Eventually, when every street is lighted, we'll have a muchsafer city.

Street lighting protects motorists and pedestrians travelingneighborhood streets at night. We adhere to strictstandards for lighting construction so you have the bestprotection we can provide.

Quality means a lot to us. We know it means a lot to youtoo. That is why making Project 2020 a reality, helpingprovide greater security for every neighborhood in the city,is our highest priority."

Project 2020 is a self-sustaining program, as the costsof the project will be paid by the sale of electricity.The cost estimates used to project completion to theyear 2020 are based on the continued use of the DOE'scobra head, wood pole and aerial line standardinstallation. A change in that standard installation mayappreciably affect the cost and or time frame ofProject 2020.

Implementation of Project 2020 is to be accomplished inthe following ways:

• City installation paid for with voted bond funds.

• Voluntary assessments by property owners.

• Developer installed street lighting.

• City installation paid for with Urban Infrastructurerecovery funds and Neighborhood CommercialRevitalization funds.

Project 2020

Project 2020 is the long range lighting program developedby Mayor Gregory Lashutka in 1992 to address therequirements of neighborhoods throughout the City forgreater security against crime. Since its inception, morethan 14,000 new lights have been added to the City'sintricate system of street and alley lights. By the time thejob is done, after every street in Columbus is illuminated,there will be nearly 90,000 lights within the system.

Planning Questions:

� How should Project 2020 be implemented in light ofthe desire for ornamental fixtures and the City'slimited resources to pay for them?

� Is implementation by the year 2020 a realistic ordesirable goal?

� What can the DOE do to promote neighborhoodstreet lighting projects and to get residents involvedin the planning process?

� How can the City strengthen its assessment process?


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1988 Bond Improvement Projects

Prior to 1988, street light projects were chosen from alist of petitions and in conjunction with other cityneighborhood stabilization projects. A specific list ofstreet lighting projects was included in the ColumbusCapital Improvement Bond package approved by thevoters in 1988. The projects were chosen by the DOE inconsideration of other city planning efforts with publicreview and comment. This program was called"Illuminate Columbus." The 1988 Bond Package madeup the majority of the DOE's Capital Improvement Planfor the next five years.

The series of maps on the next four pages were preparedto identify how and where street lights were installed overthe last nine years. It has been the City's general objectiveto install new lights and replace outdated lighting in theneighborhoods that are within what was the Columbus1950 corporate boundaries, and then work outward.

Planning Questions:

� Have the City's lighting projects addressed the needsof "priority areas?"

� Are there gaps in the system as it has developed sofar?

� What areas should have priority for future lightingprojects and how should they be chosen?

GAHANNA

WHITEHALLBEXLEY

UPPER ARLINGTON

GRANDVIEW HEIGHTS

COLUMBUS

HILLIARD

GROVE CITY

WESTERVILLE

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REYNOLDSBURG

NEW ALBANY

DUBLIN WORTHINGTON

General location of aStreet lighting project

Installation of Street Lights since 1988


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GAHANNA

WHITEHALLBEXLEY

UPPER ARLINGTON

GRANDVIEW HEIGHTS

COLUMBUS

HILLIARD

GROVE CITY

WESTERVILLE

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Scioto River

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BATTELLE

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REYNOLDSBURG

NEW ALBANY

DUBLIN WORTHINGTON



In 1994, the City of Columbus prepared another bondpackage to submit to the voters. The DOE went throughthe same process as in 1988 to prepare the list of streetlighting projects. A series of public meetings were held.A project list was developed as a result of theseneighborhood meetings and meetings with other citydivisions. This package was also approved by the voters.The projects identified as part of this bond issue are thefoundation of the DOE's Capital Improvement Plan thatbegan in 1995 continuing through 1999.

1995 Bond Improvements


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GAHANNA

WHITEHALLBEXLEY

UPPER ARLINGTON

GRANDVIEW HEIGHTS

COLUMBUS

HILLIARD

GROVE CITY

WESTERVILLE

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REYNOLDSBURG

NEW ALBANY

DUBLIN WORTHINGTON



In 1990, the City Council passed legislation to requirestreet lights to be installed in new residential andcommercial developments. This new requirement wenthand in hand with the initiation of Project 2020 to light allColumbus neighborhoods by the year 2020.

Since 1990, 2,600 lights have been installed bydevelopers. This has been effective in dealing withgrowth in outlying areas of Columbus.

Developer Installations


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GAHANNA

WHITEHALLBEXLEY

UPPER ARLINGTON

GRANDVIEW HEIGHTS

COLUMBUS

HILLIARD

GROVE CITY

WESTERVILLE

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REYNOLDSBURG

NEW ALBANY

DUBLIN WORTHINGTON



Street lights have also been installed through the City'sassessment program. In this instance, property ownersget together to petition the City for street lights and tovoluntarily assess themselves for the cost of theimprovements.

The DOE uses a direct mail process to notify all propertyowners in a project area of their options for lighting. Theseoptions include the use of the standard fixture ordecorative lighting and whether the wiring is to beoverhead or underground. The DOE also works closelywith area commissions on individual projects. This includesmeetings, community surveys, and media notification.

Assessment Installations


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GAHANNA

WHITEHALLBEXLEY

UPPER ARLINGTON

GRANDVIEW HEIGHTS

COLUMBUS

HILLIARD

GROVE CITY

WESTERVILLE

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REYNOLDSBURG

NEW ALBANY

DUBLIN WORTHINGTON



Urban Infrastructure Recovery Fund (UIRF)

Established by the City Council in 1992, the UrbanInfrastructure Recovery Fund (UIRF) focuses capitalimprovements on central city neighborhoods. ThePlanning Division is responsible for facilitating projectselection, which is completed by both community andstaff representatives.

The groups evaluate proposals based on a high, medium,and low priority ranking. Projects were selected basedon their priority ranking, UIRF project selection criteria, andability to complement ongoing efforts.


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Columbus Comprehensive Plan

The Columbus Comprehensive Plan recommends that:

� The City of Columbus continue to expand Project2020 through additional bond funding to increasethe number of existing neighborhoods receivingsafe, modern street lighting.

� The City of Columbus increase funding available forstreet lighting projects where the residents agreeto share the cost through an assessment.

� A funding mechanism be made available to assistneighborhoods wanting decorative street lightingwith underground wiring.

� The Division of Electricity, with the assistance of the Planning Division, expand efforts to communicatewith neighborhoods about street lighting programs.

� The City of Columbus require street lighting beinstalled, using DOE funds, or wherever possible,highway safety funds, in conjunction with all arterialstreet widening projects.

� All street lighting fixtures used within neighborhoodsbe selected from city-approved lists.

� The City of Columbus increase funding forimprovements to the Division of Electricity's powerdelivery system so that it can continue to providereliable service for the street lighting system and itsretail customers.


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Issues

Since the inception of Project 2020 in 1992, a number ofissues have been identified that should be resolved by amore comprehensive and planned approach to theimplementation of the street lighting program. This listwill continue to be developed over the course of theplanning process.

1. The program is expanding into areas where thereis less overhead wiring and a greater desire forunderground utilities.

2. The styles of various decorative lighting fixturesnow existing within the City were chosen byrelatively small groups of property owners andmay not necessarily reflect the desire of thelarger neighborhood.

3. The City�s inventory of light fixtures and poles is intransition. New fixtures have been recentlyadded and there are other fixtures that appearto be no longer desirable. The City has a needto maintain a well developed consistent menuof lighting components.

4. There is a desire for functional as well asaesthetically pleasing luminaires.

5. The varied and sporadic installation of fixtureshas made maintenance and replacement moredifficult.

6. There are currently a number of instances ofoverlighting and clutter within the City.

7. The trend toward fixture customizing has thepotential of expanding the City�s inventory ofcomponent parts beyond reasonable economicand maintenance parameters.

8. The DOE has found that maintenance ofscattered, odd shaped and/or small assessmentareas or new subdivisions has become moredifficult as areas are added.

15. There is a concern about the assessment petitionprocess.

16. New developments are allowed to use any and alllights and then the City is expected to maintain thesestreets and lights when annexed. There is no currentpolicy to prevent this from occurring. Thus, a processand policy for future growth is extremely critical.

17. The distinction between County and City territory isalso an issue. There are gaps in street lighting alongmajor roads where the corporation line changes.Also when roads are built in the County without lightsand then annexed, the City must theninstall lighting at its expense. There must be morecoordination between the City and County ondevelopment improvement projects.

18. The lack of or overabundance of lights in alleys isanother concern that should be addressed.

19. Improved coordination between utilities: if a street isbeing torn up for another utility, there should bea process which allows collaboration with theDivision of Electricity. Thus, everyone savesmoney to have utilities and lights replaced/installed.

20. Acknowledgment and better interaction/communication between the City and historiccommissions is needed.

9. There is a need to strive for a better balancebetween the functional and aestheticcharacteristics of street lighting.

10. There is a lack of consistency in street lightinstallation over large areas.

Additional Issues:

11. Income levels should be taken into considerationwhen using assessment in neighborhoods(i.e.., problems with landlords who do not live on theirproperties and oppose any assessment orimprovement for the community or those on fixedincomes such as senior citizens).

12. Some panel members would rather wait longer formore decorative fixtures (post-tops) than have thestandard light installed immediately. There are otheroptions available so that a compromise can bereached regarding decorative fixtures (Example:German Village).

13. Street trees should be considered when spacingstreet lights. Street trees are a key factor of whypost-top light fixtures are preferred. Coordinate withthe Division of Recreation and Parks forrecommendation of trees that top out at 20� - 25� orones that can mask wires.

14. Handicapped access is a problem in certain areas.Often, light poles are placed within the sidewalkand wheelchairs cannot access around them;sidewalks on the other side of the street cannot beaccessed due to curbs and other barriers. Suchsituations should be taken into consideration andimplemented into policies regarding ADA andaccess.


Part III:The Master Plan

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Introduction

The Master Plan

The Columbus Street Lighting Master Plan is divided intothree distinct parts:

• Part I: Street Lighting Priorities• Part II: Planning Principles and Design• Part III: Implementation.

Each part addresses particular issues that were identifiedprior to the Master Plan process, as well as those issuesthat emerged during the planning process. The threeparts when acted upon together represent a soliddirection by which the Columbus Division of Electricitywill run its street lighting program over the course of Project2020.

The Street Lighting Master Plan begins with the goals andobjectives of Project 2020. The goals are directed towardthe quality of street lighting as a public service; the needto provide a safe and secure streetscape environment;and the need to make the City streetscape moreattractive. The Master Plan presents a series of planningguidelines that were crafted and endorsed by thePlanning Committee. These qualities became the basicfocus of many Master Plan initiatives.

Part I: Street Lighting Priorities - Establishes capitalimprovement program strategies and develops criteriaby which street lighting may be installed in the areas ofmost need.

Part II: Planning Principles and Design - Establishesprinciples for planning and design. Planningrecommendations will establish appropriate lightinginstallation standards, light styles, mounting heights, andpole spacing. Lighting design recommendations will bemade for major arterial streets, collector streets, and localstreets. This portion of the Master Plan will require a well-developed vocabulary of street lights that is well matchedto the major urban design situations present throughoutthe City.

Part I establishes priorities and Part II adopts appropriatehardware and design principles for the planning areas,Part III: Implementation identifies the actions that mustbe taken to successfully impact Project 2020 over the next10 years.

The Master PlanPart I: Street Lighting Priorities

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Street Lighting PrioritiesGoal:

To pursue and maintain street lighting as a basic city-wideservice.

Objectives:

� To install street lights on all existing traveled ways withinthe City of Columbus.

� To continue to require street lights be installed withindeveloping subdivisions.

� To provide special lighting options that will promotedecorative fixtures and underground installations thathave been predetermined by and for eachneighborhood of the City.

� To maintain equity by requiring the majority cost ofdecorative and underground installations be borne bythe property owners who will enjoy the additionalbenefits of those fixtures.

� To work with other City agencies in using street lightinghardware and funding options to advance city-widedevelopment goals and objectives.

� To establish specific permitting procedures for thepromotion of specialty lighting installations.

� To meet all standards for safety and security.

Goal:

To provide a safe and secure streetscape for pedestriansand motorists.

Objectives:

� To minimize shadows and dark spots along streets andsidewalks.

� To minimize conflict between vehicles and pedestrians.

� To provide maximum orientation and opticalguidance with minimal visual clutter and noise.

� To insure that all areas meet standards for safety andsecurity, variations may occur only after this standardis met.

� To install fixtures that are easily maintained and serviced,and efficient.

Goal:

To establish a street lighting system that conveys informationnecessary to orient motorists to the traveled ways: thatcontributes to the appearance and image of the City�sstreetscape and reinforces the City�s positive image.

Objectives:

� To use appropriate lighting to differentiate the logicalhierarchies of pedestrian and vehicular circulation(standards for major, collector and local streets).

� To design lighting treatments that are consistent in similarurban design and development situations.

� To maintain consistency in street lighting installationsover larger areas.

� To establish and maintain an appealing inventory ofstreet light fixtures and poles that enhance andpromote the special character of Columbus�neighborhoods.

� To minimize visual noise and clutter and to reduce glare.

� To work with other City Divisions over time to combinelighting poles and fixtures, traffic signs and signals, streettrees, and paving patterns to enhance the streetscape.

Street Lighting Master Plan Goals and Objectives

Goals and Objectives

Through Project 2020, the City of Columbus has chosen toprovide street lighting as a basic city service to be madeavailable to all Columbus residents. In order to accomplishthe primary objective of Project 2020, which is to light allstreets of the City, the DOE has been utilizing specificplanning principles to guide implementation of the Project.A summary of existing planning principles are found below:

� The City strongly believes that a street light systemconfers a city-wide public benefit and enhancesindividual property values.

� The City has deemed the basic residential service toconsist of the power supply necessary for all publicstreet lights and the installation of overhead streetlights. This street light consists of a cobraheadluminaire, a wood pole, and overhead electric linesin all areas that are currently not lit.

� The City will replace all existing older arc lightingfixtures with modern HPS fixtures. Existing undergroundsystems will be replaced with underground systems.Existing overhead systems will be replaced withoverhead systems.

� The installation of ornamental poles and luminairesor underground systems, while encouraged by theCity, are considered to be of special benefit to theproperty owners and residents on whose streetsthese assemblies are installed. The additional costs of ornamental lighting or underground systems areto be paid with property assessment or from speciallydesignated public funding sources.

� It is the policy of the City to apply the cost of thebasic service toward the cost of the specialinstallations in residential areas.

� Street lights must be installed along public streets inall developing subdivisions at developer expense.

� To date it has been the City�s overall implementationplan to expand street light installation from the core ofthe City working outward toward the fringe areas.

The Master Plan

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Planning Guidelines - Towards the Future

The planning guidelines printed on this page represent anew focus for Project 2020. They were crafted by thePlanning Panel over the course of two meetings. Theseguidelines stem from a belief that Project 2020 is at acrossroads. In the future, the desire for street lights is likelyto be well balanced between safety, security andaesthetics. These three elements must go hand in handif Project 2020 is to continue its success.

The Street Lighting Master Plan will use these guidelinesto conduct a street lighting program that promotesneighborhood choice. This approach will give theresidents of Columbus more control over what happenswithin the public streetscape.

The Street Lighting Master Plan weaves the City's existingpublic service commitments with the opportunity toachieve the broader goals of the street lighting program.The City has the ongoing obligation to provide its citizensthe opportunity to receive the benefits of a public lightingsystem in the form of the basic service that has beenextended to over a third of the City. But now, the Cityalso has the unique opportunity to incorporate new streetlight planning principles to community development anddesign.

The Master PlanPlanning Precepts

1. The Street Lighting Master Plan should make Columbus�defined neighborhoods the basis on which priorities areassessed, installations are recommended, and theprogram is implemented.

The Master Plan should identify three different strategies:

� Areas of new installations� Areas that are currently underlit� Area upgrades to existing systems.

2. Street lighting within the neighborhoods must buildtoward a unified and comprehensive city-wide system.

3. Neighborhood residents should have a choice indetermining appropriate street light installations for theirneighborhood.

� The neighborhoods will be defined in advanceand will include commercial areas or other mixeduse areas when applicable.

� Identify funding sources.

4. A planning process will be conducted withinneighborhoods that will first evaluate and choose apreferred street light installation and then institute aprogram to install the fixtures. This process mustincorporate the following:

� The Division of Electricity must be extremelyproactive in working with resident groups andwith existing neighborhood resources -associations, commission groups, etc.

� There must be strong communication betweenthe City, neighborhood residents; the residentsmust have input into the process.

� A standard notification must be developed toget the word out to residents.

� The notification must clearly indicate that there isa choice - some lighting choices requireadditional funds, some do not.

� There must be intercity division cooperation.

5. The street lighting program will work toward raising the

base level of lighting by:

� Providing lighting choices that are sensitive toprice, but still provide an opportunity to raise thebase level.

� Developing an improvement process thatencourages underground wiring and/ordecorative fixtures.

� Considering additional funding, payment options,and mechanisms that promote the highestdesign quality possible within the neighborhoods

6. The street lighting installations with underground wiringare preferable to overhead wiring.

7. Street lights on major (arterial) streets should extendthrough developed unincorporated areas in order tomaintain lighting levels and continuity. This will requirecooperation among different jurisdictions.

8. Major streets will primarily contain mast arm typeinstallations; however, there may be areas wherepedestrian lighting is appropriate such as neighborhoodcommercial centers or residential areas along majorstreets.

9. Post-top lighting under aerial wiring is notrecommended due to the high cost of installation andthe potential for clutter. All utilities and property ownersmust look for opportunities to install underground wiring,share poles, consolidate wiring and move existing wiringalong the street to the rear.

� The plan should identify the process for this to beaccomplished.

10. The City should conduct an implementation processthat:

� Proactively seeks owners to agree to assessment� Determines the size of area to be assessed

ahead of time� Considers the potential for city-wide assessments

for all street related improvements asrecommended in the Columbus ComprehensivePlan

� Stretches the assessment over a longer period oftime

� Involves more city participation, pro-action andsupport

� Considers fund raising to achieve higherstandards

11. All citizens (renters and property owners) should havean opportunity to participate in the street lightingprogram.

Street Lighting Priorities

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Priority Areas

The Master Plan

Existing street lights were mapped and analyzed byplanning areas established by the Columbus Division ofPlanning. The Planning Division maintains an extensivedata base for each of the 27+ planning areas. ThePlanning Division has also identified individualneighborhoods within each of the planning areas. TheStreet Lighting Master Plan will use these planning areasand neighborhoods as the primary means of reportinginformation and establishing policy.

To date it has been the City's plan to install lighting withinthe older (pre-1950) areas of the City and work outward.Since 1988, the City has had active projects in all parts ofthe City insuring a good geographic distribution of lightingprojects. In future years, the Master Plan recommends thatthe City generate projects city-wide. To accomplish this,it is recommended that the Division of Electricity adoptdifferent strategies to fit the needs of the variousneighborhoods. For this purpose, the City's street lightingneeds have been categorized by Planning Areas. Thecategories are as follows:

1. Scattered unlit neighborhood areas - completelighting installations in neighborhoods that are onlypartially lit.

2. Partially lit neighborhood areas - complete lightingwithin neighborhoods that are part of a planning areathat already has street lights (1950 boundaryneighborhoods).

3. Unlit neighborhood areas inside of the I-270outerbelt.

4. Unlit areas outside of the I-270 outerbelt.

It has been estimated that areas one and two may becompleted within five years given the DOE's general streetlighting budget of 2 million dollars per year. When streetlighting projects are completed in these central cityneighborhoods, Project 2020 will lose its ability to begeographically distributed. Within the outerbelt onlyNorthland and Northwest will remain unlit. It is estimatedthat both of these neighborhoods will take 5 years tocomplete. By the year 2010 all Columbus neighborhoodswithin the I-270 outerbelt could be lit.

Existing Street Lighting by Planning Area

Lit Planning Areas Planning Principles and Design(See Appendix)

13. Near North/University A-1314. South Linden A-1416. Franklinton A-1618. Downtown A-1819. Near East A-1923. Buckeye A-2326B. Southwest A-2727A. Southeast A-2827B. Southeast A-29

Scattered Unlit Neighborhoods

12. Agler/Cassady A-1217. Greenlawn/Frank Rd. A-1722. Near South A-2224. Marion-Franklin A-24

Partially Lit Planning Areas

10. Clintonville A-1011. North Linden A-1115. Hilltop A-1520. Eastmoor/Walnut Ridge A-20

Unlit Planning Areas Inside I-270

5. Northwest Civic A-56. Northland A-68. West Scioto A-89. West Olentangy A-9

Unlit Planning Areas outside I-270

1. Dublin A-12. Far Northwest A-23. Spring Hollow/Josephinum A-34. Northeast A-47. Hilliard A-721. Far East (McNaughton) A-2125. Eastland/Brice A-2526A Southwest A-26

I-270

I-270

SR 161

I-270

I-71

Morse Rd.

2 3

64

5

10 11 12

7 8

9

1517

22

24

25

20

21

27C

27B

23

27A26B

26A

14

1618 19

13

Broad St.

Small unlit areas

Partially lit planning areas

Large unlit planning areasinside I-270

Large unlit planning areasoutside I-270

Key

Lit planning areas

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The priority area recommendations on the previouspage identified general locations for ongoinginstallations. These general locations must be furthersubdivided for implementation. A more detailed site-specific installation strategy may be developed by usingthe criteria identified at left.

The Division of Electricity will initiate the installationprioritization process by identifying the boundaries ofthe neighborhoods that are targeted for street lightsover the course of a five (5) year capital budget plan.The DOE will then divide those areas into appropriatelysized projects based on yearly budget forecasts andappropriate engineering criteria. This information willbe forwarded to the Divisions of Planning, Police andTraffic. Each of these divisions will:

� Review and refine each of the areas projectsbased on existing data as well as localknowledge of existing conditions.

� Evaluate and rank the areas to the degreepossible using the criteria of the Street LightingMaster Plan.

� Attend a workshop sponsored by the DOE toestablish priorities.

� Publish results.

� Verify results with neighborhood groups.

Future Project Ranking Format

The Master PlanStreet Lighting Priority Rating

Criteria 1. Existence of a request for street lights withinthe neighborhood. (Weight = 5)

Range: Rating:

� 50+ signatures 10� 35 to 49 signatures 7� 15 to 29 5� 1 to 14 1� None -

Criteria 2. Relative crime rate. (Weight = 4)

Range: Rating:

� High 10� Medium 6� Low 1

Criteria 3. Relative traffic conditions. (Weight = 4)

Range: Rating:

� High 7� Medium 5� Low 1

Criteria 4. Density of the neighborhood. (Weight = 1)

Range: Rating:

� > 12 units per acres -Street lighting in higherdensity neighborhoods 4

� 8 to 12 units per acre -Serves more people,greater levels of vehicles 3

� 4 to 8 units per acre andpedestrian activity. 2

� < 4 units per acre 1

(#) = Weight assigned to determine relativeimportance.

1 = Rating assigned to determine relativesignificance with respect to the need for streetlighting.

The evaluation is completed by multiplying the weight bythe rating and adding the product of each criteria.

This measurement is not designed to provide absoluteanswers, but to provide guidance to those that have beencharged with developing priorities.

The rating will be accomplished by applying localknowledge of the conditions within the neighborhood.The results will be used as a starting point in working withneighborhoods to devise an implementation strategy thataddresses the greatest needs at the beginning of theprogram.

Criteria 5. Activity areas (Schools, churches, parks) withinthe neighborhood. (Weight = 3)

Range: Rating:

� High activity area 5� Medium 3� Low 1

Criteria 6. Neighborhoods with special districts oradjacent to special districts (Mixed uses-entertainment tourist activity). (Weight = 3)

Range: Rating:

� Yes 3� No 1

Criteria 7. Coordination with other known (CIP) streetprojects within the neighborhood.(Weight = 2)

Range: Rating:

� Yes 3� No 1

Criteria 8. Associated Community development strategy.(Weight = 2)

Range: Rating:

� Yes 3� No 1

The Master PlanPart II: Planning Principles and Design

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Planning Principles and Design

A City-Wide Street Lighting System

The street type generally conveys the appropriatedesign criteria for street lighting. Illuminating EngineeringSociety Standards and other lighting plans (includingthis one) have used the level of traffic, the intensity ofpedestrian use and the type of adjacent land use toprimarily determine appropriate light levels. Thesefactors are also variables used to establish a basicvocabulary of fixtures and poles. Working together, thevarious lighting levels and various fixture types combineto establish a good street lighting system. A good streetlighting system is one that differentiates the logicalhierarchies of pedestrian and vehicular circulation; isconsistent in its application; establishes an intensity oflight that reflects the extent of vehicular and pedestrianuse; and is of a scale that relates to the scale of streetactivity.

The Street Lighting System Matrix on this page containsthe Master Plan�s recommended illumination levels andthe requirements for a basic street light vocabulary. Thisvocabulary identifies the fixture styles that areappropriate on the various street types within the Cityof Columbus.

The Master Plan

Recommended Light Luminaire and Pole Styles for Various Classifications of Roadways

StreetType

Alley

Local

Collector

Major(DowntownArterial)

General StyleRecommendation

Basic Service: LPSLuminaire

Basic Service: LPSLuminaireBasic Service

Basic Service/Option #1Option #2Basic Service/Option #1Option #2

Basic Service/Option #1Option #2

Basic Service/Option #1Option #2Option #3





RecommendedLuminaireMounting Height

28'

28'

28'

28'13'-16'28'13'-16'

28'13'-16'

28'13'-16'26'-30'

28'28'

28''28'

30'-40'30'-40'

30'-40'30'-40'

RecommendedLight PoleArrangement

one side

one side

one side

one sidestaggeredone sidestaggered

one sidestaggered

one sidestaggeredstaggered

one sidestaggered

one sidestaggered

staggered oropposite

staggered oropposite

Typ. PoleSpacing

300'-400'

180'-200'

180'-200'

180'-200'160'-200'160'-200'160'-200'

160'-200'160'-200'

160'-200'160'-200'160'-200'

160'-200'160'-200'

160'-200'160'-200'

160'-200'160'-200'

160'-200'160'-200'

Installation InventoryBasic Service: Wood Poles, Aerial Cables, Cobrahead LuminaireOptional Service #1: Mast Arm Pole, Aerial Cables, Ornamental LuminaireOptional Service #2: Underground, Ornamental Luminaire and Pole (Post Top Style)Optional Service #3: Underground, Arm Mounted LuminaireThe frequent request for all upgrades from Basic Service to Optional Services 2 or 3 shall be by petition and the additional cost shall be paid by assessment.Note: Foot candle values listed above are per the current City of Columbus specifications (MIS Booklet) and coincide with IES recommended standards for maintainedhorizontal illumination.

The Street Lighting Master Plan recognizes nine different street lighting conditions based on street hierarchies:

RecommendedLamp Wattage

55 Watt LPS-70 Watt HPS

55 Watt LPS -100 Watt HPS100 Watt LPS-200 Watt HPS

100 Watt HPS

100 Watt -150 Watt HPS







6. Commercial Collector street: Plan for vehicular orientation and pedestrian activity.

7. Major Residential collector: Plan for vehicular orientation on wide streets. Ensure sidewalksare illuminated.

8. Major Intermediate street: Plan for vehicular orientation and on-street parking, andmoderate pedestrian activity. Ensure sidewalks are illuminated.

9. Major Commercial street: Plan for vehicular orientation, through traffic and on-streetparking. Ensure sidewalks are illuminated.

1. Alleys: Resident access only.

2. Local Residential streets: Plan for pedestrian traffic and casual smaller scale activity.

3. Local Intermediate street: Plan for greater levels of pedestrian activity, drop-off/pickupactivities, and group activity areas.

4. Collector Residential streets: Plan for slightly higher traffic volumes but maintainneighborhood scale.

5. Intermediate Collector street: Plan for higher traffic and pedestrian activity. Three lanestreets with residential driveways plan at a pedestrian scale. Wider streets or those withoutdriveways may be planned at a vehicular scale.

LandUse

Residential

Intermediate

Commercial

Residential

Intermediate

Residential

Intermediate

Commercial

Residential

Intermediate

Commercial

Typ.StreetWidth

12'-20'

12'-20'

12'-20'

20'-30'

20'-30'

26'-36'

26'-36'

26'-36'

40'-50'

40'-60'

40'-140'

RecommendedIlluminationFoot UniformityCandles Ave/Min

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.3 8 to 1

0.6 6 to 1

0.6 4 to 1

0.9 4 to 1

1.7 4 to 1

0.9 3 to 1

1.3 3 to 1

1.7 3 to 1

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Proposed Street Lighting Policy For Illuminating Street Intersections The Master Plan

A City-Wide Street Lighting System, cont.

Notes:

1. Numbers shown above are the recommended minimum number of luminaires to be installed at each intersecting roadway.All proposed layouts should have illumination calculated for verification with compliance of desired values and uniformity.Where the word "design" is displayed it is especially important to verify values with calculations.

2. Number of light poles are based on providing the basic service light pole and luminaire style.

3. Luminaires located at intersections with alleys and primary streets (local, collector or major classification) should matchthe style installed on the primary street.

4. Existing city standards call for the illumination of intersections in foot candles to be the sum of the values recommendedfor each roadway that forms the intersection.


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Major Streets

Major (arterial) streets as defined by the ColumbusThoroughfare Plan are ones that carry traffic in highvolumes for long distances at moderate to high speeds.These streets generally face commercial development.Streets within this classification include High Street, BroadStreet, Cleveland Avenue, Sawmill Road, Dublin GranvilleRoad, Morse Road, Main Street and portions of RefugeeRoad.

Lighting on these streets should be designed to guidethe motorist along the roadway and to orient the driverto potential destinations. Consistency in lightingtreatment is of utmost importance. The basic servicealong arterial streets with no existing overhead linesconsists of underground wires, aluminum poles and cobrahead fixtures. Lighting installations along these streetsshould consist of 250 to 400 watt, high pressure sodiumlamps mounted at 35' above the roadway. Therecommended fixture on major streets is the overheadmast arm type. In an effort to reduce clutter along thestreetscape it is recommended that the overhead fixturesbe attached to existing power poles when present. Asthe majority of installations in Columbus are currently onone side of the street, the Master Plan recommendscontinued one-sided installations. This consistency willresult in better guidance and orientation. If two-sidedinstallations are necessary, it is recommended thatoverhead fixtures be aligned or staggered along theroadway in a consistent manner. The widespread use ofresidential scale decorative fixtures on major streets willcorrupt the hierarchical nature of the street lightingsystems; therefore, they are not recommended along themajor streets unless within a special district.

Planning Principles for Major Streets:

� Consistency in lighting is of utmost importance.� Avoid visual clutter by installing new lights with

underground wiring or by mountingdecorative lights on existing poles.

� Avoid overlighting by not duplicating lightfixtures (i.e.., by adding pedestrian scalefixtures to a street with existing overheadlights).

This illustration conveys the design principle of reducing clutter on a major street. By addingdecorative light fixtures to the existing wood poles, there is less distraction for drivers; thesefixtures also contribute to the special and unique character of the street.

Boulevards pose a special urban design situation. Depending on the width of the boulevardand the street in which they serve, boulevards visually break a wide street. This illustrationdepicts a wide street and wide boulevard. By narrowing the appearance of the street, thestreet conveys a more pedestrian friendly environment. Therefore, the use of pedestrianscale decorative lights is appropriate.

This illustration exemplifies both overlighting and clutter. With both existing overhead lightsAND pedestrian scale light fixtures, this major street appears visually cluttered. The purposeof using pedestrian scale decorative fixtures is to help create a visually pleasing environment;with both lights, this purpose is defeated.

Wide major residential streets pose a difficult design situation. One, the traffic volume travelingon a major street is usually high and thus, the street must be safe and well-lit. However, residentsalso live on this street and prefer to walk in a more pedestrian friendly atmosphere. Consistencyis very important for orientation purposes; mast arm installations would be the recommendedchoice.

The Master Plan

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Neighborhood Collector Streets

Collector streets as defined within the ColumbusThoroughfare Plan carry less volume, have lower postedspeeds and are narrower than arterial streets. Many ofthese streets have residential curb cuts. In pre-1960developments, these collectors generally extend throughmany neighborhoods. There may be more pedestriansalong these streets than local streets.

It is recommended that new installations consist of 100 to250 watt, high pressure sodium lamps mounted in eitheroverhead or decorative fixtures. Overhead fixtures arerecommended when the street does not have curbs;when the street is wider than three lanes; or otherwiseserves to organize the local streets and to guide motoriststo various destinations. If there are existing power polesit is recommended that the fixtures be mounted on thesepoles to minimize visual clutter. The overhead installationwill provide more guidance and orientation along thesestreets if they are located just on one side of the street.Decorative fixtures are recommended when the collectorstreet has no existing aerial lines, when the street is threelanes or less, and serves residential driveways in the samemanner as neighborhood streets.

Planning Principles for Neighborhood Collector Streets:

� Street widths� Streets without curbs or sidewalks� Existing power poles

The Master Plan

This illustration demonstrates the design situation involving neighborhood collector streetswithout curbs or sidewalks. To avoid clutter, the mast arm light fixtures have been addedto the existing wood power poles.

Street widths, building setbacks, sidewalks and curbs help determine the use of mastarm street lights or pedestrian scale street lights along neighborhood collectors. In thisillustration of a wide residential street, post tops have been used to bring a more pedestriancharacter to the street. However, even with the sidewalks and curbs, the large housesetbacks give the street an even wider appearance. Mast arm structures would appearmore appropriate, even blending into the street environment.

Streets without sidewalks obviously discourage pedestrian movement. The use ofpedestrian scale street lights seems inappropriate, as seen in this illustration. Althoughthe neighborhood collector street is narrow, the houses and buildings are set back farenough to merit the use of mast arm structures.

This illustration depicts the best example of street lights along wide streets with deepbuilding setbacks. Although sidewalks and curbs are present, the mast arm street lightsdo not obstruct the street environment, blending in with the mature trees.

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Local Streets

Street lighting in residential areas is planned to primarilybenefit the pedestrian. At night, street lighting shouldprovide the perception of safety and security and serveto invite pedestrian use of the street. During the day,lighting fixtures and poles must serve to complement thearea. How street lighting can complement the area orneighborhood is a function of many variables. Thesevariables include the physical condition, design andappearance of the neighborhood. The different variablesinclude street widths, house styles, building setbackdistances, whether the street has curbs or sidewalks, thematurity of the street tree canopy and the presence ofexisting power poles along the street.

It is recommended that new installations consist of 100watt high pressure sodium lamps mounted in the City�sstandard overhead fixture or if so desired mounted indecorative overhead or decorative post top type fixtures.Installation of overhead lines should be limited to one sideof the street. Underground installations within residentialareas are most attractive when staggered.

As recommended by the Columbus Comprehensive Plan,street lighting decisions, like all capital improvements,should be based on an understanding of individualneighborhoods. The Comprehensive Plan providesconsiderable guidance in the designation of lightinginstallations. The Columbus Comprehensive Plan hasclassified Columbus neighborhoods into prototypesbased upon shared common physical characteristics.These common physical characteristics suggest similarlighting hardware treatments. It is the intent of the StreetLighting Master Plan process to make hardwarerecommendations for each of the neighborhoodprototypes. The designation of a preferred lightingtreatment will accentuate the distinguishingcharacteristics of the neighborhood, increase thelikelihood of one fixture being consistently appliedthroughout the neighborhoods, and bring continuity tothe whole Columbus street lighting system.

The Master Plan

This illustration demonstrates the design situation of sidewalks adjacent to the street. Aplanting strip would greatly contribute to the use of pedestrian scale decorative lights.

Local residential streets that serve as important streets need to provide safety for bothautomobiles and pedestrians. This illustration portrays the difficult design situation. One,the street must be safe and well-lit. However, residents also live on this street and preferto walk in a more pedestrian friendly atmosphere. On such a wide street as this illustrationdepicts, however, the use of pedestrian scale lights seems inappropriate.

Local streets without curbs or sidewalks discourage pedestrian movement, althoughtraffic volumes are less. The maturity of the street trees, as in this illustration, allow for theappropriate use of tall mast arm street lights.

Existing wood poles on a local street should be mounted with new light fixtures as in thisillustration. Such a use reduces clutter by avoiding the addition of more poles.

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Wolfe Park Mock-up Site

The purpose of the Mock-up site was to aid planningparticipants in making recommendations for a completecity-wide inventory of street light hardware. Located inWolfe Park along the east side and on Broad Street, theMock-up site allowed the public the opportunity to view arange of fixture and pole styles. The DOE, in collaborationwith the consultants, chose a range of fixture and pole stylesthat were believed to have the greatest appeal toColumbus Neighborhoods. The site had a variety of post-top poles and fixtures, as well as different mast arm fixturesand poles.

The Columbus Division of Electricity and the street lightingconsultants developed a sample menu of fixtures and poles,some or all of which permit the City to achieve the goals,objectives and planning principles listed above. The DOEsought public comment on which of these poles and fixturesshould represent the City's planned menu of street lightingchoices. The survey concentrated on three importantquestions:

1. Which fixture and pole is most appropriate for yourneighborhood?

2. Are you willing to pay a reasonable share of theinstallation cost over a ten-year period for anornamental fixture and pole?

3. Is there a fixture of pole style that is not displayed butshould be evaluated for inclusion within the City's streetlight inventory?

Model Site #10

Model Site #11

Model Site #9

Model Site #7Model Site #8

Model Site #7

Model Site #6

Model Site #5


Model Site #1

Model Site #2


Model Site #17


Street Light Inventory

The essence of a city-wide street lighting system is a welldeveloped vocabulary of readily available fixtures andpoles that are compatible with most urban designsituations found on the streets and in the neighborhoodsof Columbus. The fixtures and poles that will beincorporated into the Division of Electricity inventory willbe those fixtures and poles that:

� meet manufacturer standards specified by theCity

� obtain the illumination levels established by IES� have the flexibility to work interchangeably with

various fixtures and poles� are economical and easy to maintain.

Most importantly, the fixtures and poles must be thosethat are preferred and desired by residents and propertyowners.

To meet its goals, at minimum the City should have a streetlight vocabulary consisting of the following:

� The basic service installation consisting of acobrahead fixture and wood pole for botharterial and residential installations.

� An overhead decorative fixture and pole forarterial and business collector installations.

� A decorative post top type fixture and pole forresidential installations.

� An overhead decorative fixture and pole forresidential installations.

The Master Plan

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Postwar Neighborhood

Renaissance Neighborhood

Streetcar Neighborhood

1960's Expansion Neighborhood

Suburban Neighborhood

In City Estates Neighborhood


A basic objective of this Street Lighting Master Plan is toestablish and maintain an appealing inventory of streetlight fixtures and poles that enhance and promote thespecial character of the City's neighborhoods.

Columbus neighborhoods can be classified into differentneighborhood prototypes:

� Renaissance (Mid-1800's to Early 1900's)� Streetcar (Late 1800's to Early 1900's)� Postwar (Mid-1940's to Late 1950's)� 1960's Expansion (1960's to 1970's)� Suburban (1970's to Present)� In City Estates (Predominantly Late 1800's to

Early 1900's)**

Requirements for appropriate light fixtures and poles fora certain prototypical neighborhood will be made basedupon enhancing and maintaining the positive identityand image of that neighborhood. The following areexcerpts from the Columbus Comprehensive Plandescribing the physical condition, design andappearance of each prototype neighborhood.

** Please note that this study has slightly altered themore detailed and defined neighborhood prototypesfound in the Columbus Comprehensive Plan. Forpurposes of selecting appropriate street lights, it wasdetermined that there were only slight differences in someneighborhood types, and therefore, they werecombined.

Introduction to Columbus Neighborhoods

The Master Plan

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Columbus Neighborhoods

The Master Plan

Renaissance Neighborhoods (Mid-1800's to Early 1900's):

.....Renaissance neighborhoods are among Columbus'oldest neighborhoods. They developed from the mid-1800's to the early 1900's spurred by the emergence ofstreetcar lines. Developed on a grid street system,Renaissance neighborhoods are characterized by single-family homes oriented to the street, with rear alleygarages and carriage houses. Churches, stores, andrestaurants are often integrated into residential areas.These activity centers are neighborhood-oriented andconvenient for pedestrian access.

Another type of activity center that occurs inRenaissance neighborhoods is the mixed use corridor.Development is high density, generally more than twostories, with an intact streetscape. The market focus isboth neighborhood and community. Streets are narrow,generally fewer than four lanes, with minimal setbacks,on-street parking, parking in the rear and few curb cuts.The Short North and Parsons Avenue between Broad andTown Streets are good examples of this type of activitycenter.

The character of Renaissance neighborhoods stems frommature vegetation, historic structures and infrastructurecomponents (such as brick streets), mix of land uses, andpassive recreation parks. Most Renaissanceneighborhoods have experienced, and continue toexperience, some degree of private reinvestment.Renaissance neighborhoods are located close todowntown and include German Village and portions ofthe near south; Victorian Village, Italian Village andportions of the Short North; and the Olde Towne East andFranklin Park areas on the near east....

- The Columbus Comprehensive Plan, 1993

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The Master Plan


Required Fixtures for Renaissance Neighborhoods(Mid 1800's to early 1900's)


ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE


4'-12' 55 WATT LPSLUMINAIRE

ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE

TYPICALMOUNTINGHEIGHT 26'-0"

100 WATT HPSTEARDROPSTYLELUMINAIRE


ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOODPOLESTYLE

6'

Street Light #8Street Light #6 Street Light (Alley Light) #7 Street Light #9

NEW POLERECOMMENDEDTO ADD TOINVENTORY(PAINTED DARKGREEN)



Street Light #2Street Light #1


DECORATIVEPOST TOP STYLE,FIBERGLASSPAINTED BLACK 15’


12'-6"


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The Master Plan


Streetcar Neighborhoods (Late 1800's to Early 1900's):

....Streetcar Neighborhoods (or The Way We Were) weredeveloped on a grid street pattern. The residentialcomponent of these neighborhoods is comprisedprimarily of moderate to large single-family homes withsome duplexes and apartments on the edge of thecommunity. Houses generally have an on-streetorientation with small front yards sloping up to wide frontporches. Some neighborhoods have rear alleys as soleaccess to detached garages, while other neighborhoodshave driveways through side yards to garages.

Churches, schools, stores, and restaurants are oftenintegrated into residential areas. These activity centersare neighborhood-oriented and convenient forpedestrian access. Commercial/light industrial uses oftenoccur on arterials. These corridors are generally four tosix lanes wide, with minimal setbacks, on-street parkingand remote parking, and few curb cuts.

The Streetcar neighborhoods sometimes experienceparking congestion as they were not designed to handlelarge numbers of automobiles. Mature trees often createa "canopy" effect over the sidewalk and street andcontribute to a strong sense of place. The Streetcarneighborhoods are found predominantly in theClintonville, South Linden, and Hilltop areas with moreisolated pockets on the east and south sides.....


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Required Fixtures for Streetcar Neighborhoods -(Late 1800's to Early 1900's) and University Areas

The Master Plan

Planning Principles and DesignStreet Light #2


ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE


4'-12'

Street Light #6

55 WATT LPSLUMINAIRE

ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE


Street Light (Alley Light) #7



ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOODPOLESTYLE

6'

Street Light #8




Street Light #9



Street Light #5

100 WATT HPSLANTERN STYLEOCTAGONALLUMINAIRE

ARCADIANDECORATIVEPOST TOPSTYLE, CASTIRON OR CASTALUMINUM(PAINTEDBLACK)

13'

Street Light #1






12'-6"


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The Master Plan

Postwar Neighborhoods (Mid-1940's to Late 1950's):

...The Postwar (or American Dream) neighborhoods weredeveloped during the building boom that followed WorldWar II. Land uses in these neighborhoods are separated.Most of the single-family housing is small to moderate insize. Apartments and townhouses are often found on theedge of the community. There is a greater similarity inhousing than is found in Renaissance and Streetcarneighborhoods.

Postwar neighborhoods provided the seeds for thesuburban development pattern, as these neighborhoodswere the first to be auto-oriented. Although streetsremained in the grid pattern, often with alleys, houses weresituated in the center of lots and the wide front porchesdisappeared. With the beginning of the American Dreamera, backyards were used more frequently as the on-streetorientation of social activity began to dwindle. Consistentsetbacks and minimal landscaping are common in theseneighborhoods. Driveways through side yards todetached, rear garages are also common.

Activity centers within the American Dreamneighborhoods are generally characterized bycommunity-oriented commercial land uses, often in theform of early shopping centers, such as Graceland,Central Point, and Town and Country. Highway-orientedcommercial strips such as East Main Street and ClevelandAvenue are also common in Postwar neighborhoods.These strips are characterized by low density developmentof mixed age and use with little or no landscaping. Sinceinitial development many of these corridors haveundergone several cycles of transition, with a generalerosion of vitality being the overall result. This decline wasbrought about by the construction of the interstatehighway system.

Postwar neighborhoods are found in many locations,including portions of the Hilltop; south of Sullivant Avenue;the Bellows area in Franklinton; and the Beechwold areaof northern Clintonville....


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The Master Plan


Required Fixtures for Postwar Neighborhoods -(Mid 1940's to Late 1950's)

Street Light(s) #2

Street Light #6


ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE


4'-12'



13'

Street Light #5



Street Light #1


12'-6"


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1960's Expansion Neighborhoods (1960's to 1970's):

...Development patterns changed dramatically in theseneighborhoods, as the grid street pattern of earlierneighborhoods was replaced with a curvilinear systemof wider streets. Building lots became larger; greatervariation was achieved in housing styles with backyard-oriented ranch, split-level and two-story homes; and thenatural environment became more dominant withparklike landscaping. Garage, landscaping and housedesigns obscure front doors and windows, continuing thetrend toward residents' privacy. Sense of place or identityis moderate to weak, despite some physical consistencyof setbacks, lot sizes and house designs. Multi-housingoften serves as a buffer between single-family areas andactivity centers.

Activity centers in the 1960's expansion neighborhoodsare largely low density commercial and tend to be veryautomobile-oriented. They include early open shoppingcenters such as Northern Lights, and more modernshopping centers, such as Northland, Westland, andEastland. Wide streets, large setbacks, surroundingparking, multiple curb cuts, and internal circulationsystems are typically present. Schools and parks are oftenintegrated into residential areas.

The 1960's Expansion neighborhoods are located inNorthland, North Linden, and Eastmoor areas; inscattered locations on the west and south sides; in theKnolls in the northwest; and in a corridor south ofLivingston Avenue extending through Eastmoor andBerwick to the far east....




The Master Plan

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Required Fixtures for 1960’s Expansion Neighborhoods -(1960’s to 1970's)




ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE


4'-12'

Street Light #6

The Master Plan

Street Light #13

CUT-OFFSTYLELUMINAIRE100/150/250 WATT HPS

TYPICALMOUNTINGHEIGHT 30' - 40'

ALUMINUM SHORTARM STYLE(PAINTED BRONZE)

TRANSFORMER BASE

14"

NEW POLE RECOMMENDEDTO ADD TO INVENTORY(PAINTED BLACK)

CAST ALUMINUM BASE

1 4 ’



100 WATT HPSTRADITIONAL STYLELUMINAIRE

CAST ALUMINUM BASE

14’

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Suburban Neighborhoods (1970's to Present):

...The Suburban (Up and Coming) neighborhoodsrepresent Columbus' newest communities. They areheavily automobile-dependent and are generallysegregated by land use. The residential componentconsists of single-family subdivisions containing moderateto larger homes with backyard orientation on curvilinearand court streets. Consistent curb cuts for attachedgarages and curb mailboxes establish uniformity alongthe street. In some instances mature vegetation andtrees were left in place at the time of development.Moderate to upscale townhouses and apartmentsappear on the periphery of the single-family areas.

Most nonresidential uses in the Suburban neighborhoodsare focused on or near major arterials. Such activitycenters are characterized by single story buildings, havinglow-density suburban regional and community-orientedcommercial land uses with some community facilities.Very wide streets, large setbacks, surrounding parking,multiple curb cuts, and internal circulation systems aretypical.

The suburban neighborhoods are located predominantlyin the northwest; however, some examples are found inthe west and northeast with more expected in the nextfew years....




The Master Plan

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Required Fixtures for Suburban Neighborhoods -(1970's to Present)




ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE


4'-12'

Street Light #6

The Master Plan

Street Light #13




TRANSFORMER BASE

14"


CAST ALUMINUM BASE

1 4 ’




CAST ALUMINUM BASE

14’

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The Master Plan

In City Estates (Predominantly Late 1800's to Early 1900's):

...In City Estates neighborhoods are characterized by thecommanding presence of environmental featuresincluding mature trees, natural vegetation, and in someinstances, ravines and watercourses. Their attraction anddesirability as single-family neighborhoods is drawnalmost exclusively from their natural setting, althoughsome boast large distinctive homes. Neighborhoodstreets are neither grid nor curvilinear, but follow morenatural routes dictated by the terrain. Streets aregenerally narrow without curbs and sidewalks.

In City Estate neighborhoods are not associated with anyone type of activity center. Rather, they are typicallydesigned to mitigate the impact of adjacentnonresidential uses. In City Estates neighborhoodsinclude Old Beechwold, Iuka Ravine, Overbrook Ravine,Walhalla Ravine, and Glen Echo Ravine....


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Required Fixtures for In City EstateNeighborhoods - (Predominantly Late 1800's to Early 1900's)

The Master Plan



ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE


4'-12'

Street Light #14

250 WATT HPSTEARDROP STYLELUMINAIRE

MOUNTINGHEIGHT 29'-0"

ALUMINUMDECORATIVEUP RISE ARM(PAINTED GREEN)

TRANSFORMERBASE

5'- 6"



ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOODPOLESTYLE

6'





TRANSFORMER BASE

14"

Street Light #13

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The Master Plan

Listing of Required Fixtures for Major Streets and HighVolume Collectors

Street Light #10




8'-15'

TRUSS ARM STYLEALUMINUMNATURAL FINISHOR PAINTEDBRONZE

250 - 400 WATTHPS COBRA HEADLUMINAIRESTYLE

30'-0'"OR40'-0"MOUNTINGHEIGHT




TRANSFORMERBASE

5'- 6"


LOW MASTSTYLEALUMINUMNATURALFINISH

400 WATT HPSHIGH MASTSTYLE

40'MOUNTINGHEIGHT

Street Light #11

Street Light #8Street Light #6Street Light #2


ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE


4'-12'250 WATT HPSTEARDROPSTYLELUMINAIRE


ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOODPOLESTYLE

6'

Street Light #9



CUT-OFFSTYLELUMINAIRE150/250 WATT HPS



TRANSFORMER BASE

14"

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TRANSFORMER BASE

14"


The Master Plan

Listing of Required Fixtures for Local Residential Streets

Street Light #8Street Light #7Street Light #6

Street Light #4Street Light #1 Street Light #5


ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE




13'


ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE


4'-12'



ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOODPOLESTYLE

6'

Street Light #3


12'-6"



CAST ALUMINUM BASE

1 4 ’




CAST ALUMINUM BASE

14’

Street Light #13

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Inventory Description

The Master Plan

Street Light #2

Existing City Location: None installed (proposed pole)

Acorn Style Luminaire100 HPS Lamp12'-6" Lamp MountingHeightLuminaire Cost: $650.00*

Decorative Post Top StylePole - Fiberglass (PaintedBlack)Typical Pole Spacing: 180'Staggered PoleArrangementPole Cost: $950.00*

Underground Wiring

Foundation PoleMounting

Standard Inventory

Combined Cost:$1,600.00*

*Cost Does Not Include Cost of Installation

Acorn Style Luminaire150 HPS Lamp15' Lamp Mounting HeightLuminaire Cost: $675.00*

Decorative Post Top StylePole - Fiberglass (PaintedBlack)Typical Pole Spacing: 180'Staggered PoleArrangementPole Cost: $1,350.00*

Underground Wiring

Foundation Pole Mounting

These both will requireDOE review and approvalfor installation. Cast ironpole may be used in areaswhere vandalism is aconcern and in highpedestrian usage areas.This post top fixture maybe an option when thereare no existing utility polesand overhead wires alongthe same side of thestreet.Combined Cost:$2,025.00

Street Light #1

Existing City Location: Installed in the James-ThurberStreet Area; Weber-North Broadway Area




12'-6"


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The Master Plan


Traditional Style Luminaire100 HPS Lamp14' Lamp Mounting HeightLuminaire Cost: $650.00*

Decorative Stick Pole withDecorative Split Base - CastAluminumTypical Pole Spacing: 180'Staggered PoleArrangementPole Cost: $450.00*

Underground Wiring


Combined Cost: $1,100.00

Street Light #3

Existing City Location: Non installed (Proposed Pole)

Acorn Style Luminaire100 HPS Lamp14" Lamp Mounting HeightLuminaire Cost: $650.00*

Pole with decorative baseCast AluminumTypical Pole Spacing: 180'Staggered Pole Arrangement(One Side with DOEapproval)Pole Cost: $450.00*

Underground Wiring

Direct Burial

Direct burial and one sidedinstallations will be approvedat the discretion of the DOE.This installation will generallybe limited to instances wherethe street lights are installedduring the construction ofnew roads.

Combined Cost: $1,100.00

Street Light #4

Existing City Location: None installed -(Proposed pole)


CAST ALUMINUM BASE

1 4 ’




CAST ALUMINUM BASE

14’

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The Master Plan


Cobrahead Luminaire100 HPS Lamp26' Lamp Mounting HeightLuminaire Cost: $150.00*

Wood PoleTypical Pole Spacing: 180'Staggered/One Side PoleArrangementPole Cost: $450.00*

Aerial Wiring

Direct Burial

This installation represents thestreet light service that isavailable to neighborhoods atno cost to the property owners.

Combined Cost: $600.00*

Octagonal Style Luminaire100 HPS Lamp13' Lamp Mounting HeightLuminaire Cost: $600.00*

Arcadian Decorative Post TopStyle Pole - Cast Iron or CastAluminum (Painted Black)Typical Pole Spacing: 180'Staggered Pole ArrangementPole Cost: $1,300.00*

Underground Wiring


Pole Standard Inventory -(Luminaire Proposed)

Combined Cost: $1,900.00*



13'

Street Light #5

Existing City Location: None Installed -(Proposed Luminaire)


ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE


4'-12'

Street Light #6

Existing City Location: Installed in the James-BroadStreet Area

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The Master Plan

Teardrop Style Luminaire100 HPS Lamp26' Typical Lamp Mounting HeightLuminaire Cost: $950.00*

Wood PoleTypical Pole Spacing - 180'Staggered/One Side PoleArrangement

Pole Cost: $450.00*

Aerial Wiring

Direct Burial

This installation is to be used onstreets with existing aerial cablesor to fill in the gaps of existinglighting systems.




ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE


Street Light (Alley Light) #7

Existing City Location: Alleys only - Clinton Heights Area

Street Light #8

Existing City Location: German Village



ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOODPOLESTYLE

6'

Low Pressure Sodium (LPS)Luminaire55 LPS Lamp26' Lamp Mounting HeightLuminaire Cost: $150.00*

Wood PoleTypical Pole Spacing - AsNeededOne Side Pole ArrangementPole Cost: $450.00*

Aerial Wiring

Direct Burial

Standard Inventory -Should be used in alleysonly

Combined Cost: $600.00*

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The Master PlanNEW POLERECOMMENDEDTO ADD TOINVENTORY(PAINTED DARKGREEN)



Street Light #9

Existing City Location: None installed - pole proposed

8'-15'




Street Light #10

Existing City Location: None installed - Pole proposed


Cobrahead Style Luminaire250 - 400 HPS Lamp30'-40' Lamp Mounting HeightLuminaire Cost: $250.00*

Aluminum Truss Arm Style Pole(Natural Finish)Pole Spacing: 200'Opposite/Staggered/ OneSide PoleArrangementPole Cost: $1,800.00*

Underground Wiring


This installation should be used onstreets located outside of denseexisting or developing commercialareas where standardization anduniform appearance is desired. Typicalapplication includes streets extendingthrough many commercialdevelopments. These commercialdevelopments have deep buildingsetbacks and are generally notextensively landscaped. Thisinstallation should also be utilized to fillin the gaps in existing lighting systemsof similar style in order to providecontinuity of street appearance.


Teardrop Style Luminaire250 HPS Lamp30' Lamp Mounting HeightLuminaire Cost: $950.00*

Aluminum Base with SteelFluted Shaft (Painted Green)Pole Spacing: 180' - 200'Staggered Pole ArrangementPole Cost: $2,900.00*

Underground Wiring

Foundation Pole

Requires DOE approval forinstallation


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The Master Plan



40'MOUNTINGHEIGHT

Street Light #11

Existing City Location: Pole and luminaire located onportions of West Dublin-Granville Road and at certainintersections on Bethel Road.

High Mast Style Luminaire400 HPS Lamp40' Lamp Mounting HeightLuminaire Cost: $700.00*

Aluminum Low Mast Style Pole(Natural Finish)Pole Spacing: 200'Opposite PoleArrangementPole Cost: $1,600.00*

Underground Wiring


This installation should be used onhigh traffic volume streets withexceptionally wide pavementsurfaces; and wide streets withadjacent service roads andintersections that need illumination.It is recommended that thisinstallation be restricted from streetswhere adjacent properties areextensively landscaped. Thisinstallation will be used at thediscretion of the DOE.


Street Light #13

Existing City Location: Installed on Mt. Vernon Avenue(Luminaire Only) and Downtown Areas

Cutoff Style Luminaire100/150/250 HPS Lamp30'-40' Lamp Mounting HeightLuminaire Cost: $450.00*

Short Arm Style Pole - Aluminum(Painted Bronze)Pole Spacing by DesignStaggered/Opposite/One Side PoleArrangementPole Cost: $1,200.00*

Underground Wiring


This installation should be used instreets located within existing ordeveloping commercial areas orlocated near suburban areas.Typically used in conjunction withlarge planned commercialdevelopments where there arebuilding and landscape designthemes. It may also be used onsuburban streets without sidewalks.






TRANSFORMER BASE

14"

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The Master Plan

Street Light #14

Existing City Location: Installed on Fodor Road




TRANSFORMERBASE

5'- 6"


Teardrop Luminaire250 HPS Lamp29' Lamp Mounting HeightLuminaire Cost: $950.00*

Decorative Up Rise Arm Pole -Aluminum (Painted Green)Pole Spacing by DesignOpposite Pole ArrangementPole Cost: $1,200.00*

Underground Wiring


Use of this installation by developerswill require DOE review andapproval of detailed developmentplans. This installation is to be usedon streets located within historicneighborhoods or planneddevelopment areas. Typicalapplication includes streets withshallow building setbacks or streetswhere adjacent properties areextensively landscaped.


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light #1 light #2 light #3

light #14




TRANSFORMERBASE

5'- 6"

light #13light #11

8'-15'




light #10




light #9

light #8



40'MOUNTINGHEIGHT


ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE


light #7light #6



13'

light #5

light #4


CAST ALUMINUM BASE

1 4 ’




CAST ALUMINUM BASE

14’






TRANSFORMER BASE

14"

The Master Plan


Street Light Inventory and Index

Lights #1,3,4,5,6,7,8,13 are fixtures for local residentialstreets.

Lights #2,6,8,9,10,11,13,14 are fixturesfor major streets and high volume collectors.


12'-6"


100/250 WATT HPSTEARDROPSTYLELUMINAIRE


ALUMINUMB R A C K E T

WOODP O L ESTYLE

6'

100/250 WATT HPSCOBRAHEADLUMINAIRE

ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE


4'-12'

The Master PlanPart III: Implementation

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Implementation

The Master PlanProject 2020 Priorities

Five year strategy

1. Capital proposal:

� Earmark system improvements in poorly lit areas.� Concentrate on small remaining scattered pockets of

unlit areas.� Develop bond package to light neighborhoods that

are within planning areas that are part of the1950boundaries.

� Set aside additional funds to contribute towardassessment projects.

2. Preparation:

� The Division of Electricity (DOE) staff, with support fromthe Divisions of Planning and Traffic, and the PoliceDepartment, will use established criteria to develop aphasing strategy to begin and complete lighting projectsin the following areas:

South:Near South/Buckeye

East:Eastmoor/Walnut Ridge

West:HilltopNorth:

Clintonville/North Linden.

� The DOE staff will meet with existing neighborhoodgroups or form a street lighting committee. The processshould include property owners as well as renters.

3. Decisions:

The neighborhood group or committee will:� Establish the preferred ornamental fixture.� Fine tune the phasing strategy.� Initiate a process that will determine if at least 60%

of the lot owners are willing to pay for ornamental street lights.

4. Cost Estimation

The DOE will have the proposed project designed andengineered in order to determine the cost to each propertyowner within the project area.

5. Petition

A petition will be circulated in the neighborhood todetermine if the City's basic service is to be installed at nocost, or if underground wiring and decorative fixtures areto be installed at a specified cost per lot.

Lighting Choices:

- Overhead at no cost

- Underground at a specific predetermined cost per lot to be spread over 10 years.

6. Time frame:

Two years (flexible) to collect signatures of 60% of the lot owners.

To address the issues identified at the beginning of theprocess, it is recommended that the Division of Electricityconduct a five year implementation process. This processunites the past approach (the opportunity to obtainoverhead street lights at no charge) with a new proactiveapproach to easing the assessment process forunderground installation. The general strategyrecommended by the Street Lighting Master Plan willaccomplish the following:

� Serve to initiate lighting projects city-wide.

� Designate project areas within partially lit planningareas representing up to 80% of the City's streetlighting bond capacity. (Provide the choicebetween the basic service and assessment.)

� Designate the remainder of the funds towardcontributions to assessment projects in smallerareas.

� Identify a step by step process to choose these areasusing the criteria developed within the Master Plan.

� Provide for a neighborhood based implementationprocess.

7. Potential Results:

� The preferred ornamental fixtures will be installedthroughout the neighborhood.

� The basic service will be installed if it is determinedthat residents want street lights but prefer not to beassessed.

� The program will move to a different area if residentsdo not want the overhead service and prefer not tobe assessed for ornamental fixtures.

8. Evaluation:

The process described above begins to integrate the bondpackage strategy of past years with planning objectivesthat work toward more do want the overhead wiring andothers want the underground installation, Project 2020 maycontinue along the same process. If neighborhoods areopting entirely for ornamental fixtures and poles, Project2020 may become strictly an assessment/ request program.If the strategy results in little implementation, then the wholeg oals and timing of Project 2020 may change and newpriorities will be established.

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Existing Assessment Process

Part I

1. Interested property owner(s) contact the Division ofElectricity (DOE).

2. The DOE mails a packet of materials to the requestor.

3. A petition is prepared by the City (estimated cost).

4. The requestor canvasses an area of his/her choice inorder to:

� Get a consensus on a preferred street light.� Choose a method of assessment.� Secure signatures of owners of 60% of the foot

frontage of property abutting the improvement.

Part II

1. The petitions are submitted to the DOE and the CityClerk.

2. The City Council passes a resolution to prepare plans.

3. The City Council passes a resolution of necessity.

4. The DOE engineers file estimated assessment with theCity Clerk.

5. The City clerk sends notices to affected propertyowners.

6. There is a two-week waiting period for objections tothe assessment.

7. A Board of Revision is appointed if there areobjections.

8. An ordinance to proceed is prepared.

9. A construction contract is prepared, opened andawarded.

10. Street lights are installed.

11. Property owners are billed for assessment; this maybe paid in 30 days or it may be added to the taxduplicate with interest. To be paid over 10 years.

Implementation

Assessment Procedure

Since 1993, the DOE has assessed owners ofapproximately 1,650 lots the cost of installing decorativestreet lights. To date the burden has been on theinterested property owners to generate interest amongtheir neighbors, to choose a fixture style for the area, andfinally, to secure names on a petition.

There are presently many fine examples of successfulvoluntary projects; however the voluntary assessmentprocess is not without some issues that need to beaddressed. These issues include the following:

1. Only petitioners are involved in choosing the fixtureand pole style.

2. The effort and difficulty necessary to secure signedpetitions results in relatively small assessment areas.

3. From request to installation, the process takesapproximately two years to complete.

4. It is very likely that given the future preference forornamental street lights, Project 2020 may beexclusively an assessment process.

To resolve these issues, the Street Lighting Master Plan willmake recommendations that will streamline Part I of theassessment process as it is generally described at left.Part II is prescribed by state and municipal law.

The Master PlanMaster Plan Implementation

The Master Plan will establish implementationprocedures for three (3) types of areas:

1. Partially lit planning areas - these neighborhoodsare where the City will concentrate its capitalimprovement efforts over a five to six year period.This effort will provide the residents the opportunityto receive the City's basic service or to participatein a city-facilitated assessment process.

2. Larger unlit neighborhoods - these neighborhoodswill eventually become the focus of a city-initiatedinstallation program; in the meantime, residents willstill have the opportunity to petition for decorativestreet lights. In these areas the petition process willbe initiated and completed by the property ownerswith less assistance from the City. The Street LightMaster Plan will establish minimum size assessmentboundaries for the areas.

3. Small unlit areas - these areas will address thelighting needs of residents who request ornamentallighting that is identical to the lighting that ispresent on adjacent streets. There will be nominimum assessment size for these areasthroughout the City

jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj

.

Three Methods of Assessment

Property owners agree to pay for the cost of the street lightimprovements that will benefit their property. The actualcost of the improvement is divided among all of the propertyowners within the assessment boundaries. There are threemethods for assessment. The most popular method is onethat establishes the cost in direct proportion to the benefitswhich may result from the improvement. In the case of asingle family neighborhood, the project costs are equallydivided among the homeowners within the petition area.Other methods include dividing the costs by a percentageof tax value of the property assessed, or by front footage ofall of the property abutting the project. The latter methodmay be preferable when there is a large discrepancy inthe width of lots within the neighborhood or a mix of differenttypes of land uses.

The Master Plan recommends the proportional benefitmethod be used as most homeowners will benefit equallyfrom the installation of street lights.

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The Division of Electricity is planning installation of street lights within the neighborhood(s) shown on the map below.

Boundary Map

Columbus has deemed street lighting to be a public service provided to all residents. By eliminating all cost to thetaxpayer, as part of the basic service, the City will only install lighting that includes overhead wiring. Undergrounddecorative lighting must be paid for by the benefiting property owner through a property assessment.

Although the City is prepared to install the basic service, all residents are encouraged to participate in a voluntaryassessment program for decorative street lights. This program will result in a more safe and secure, as well as moreattractive, neighborhood. The assessment program will require residents to circulate a petition.

Please review the information on the back of this notice. For further information or questions, please call Linda Scothornat 645-7295 or Ted Vollmuth at 645-7038. There will also be a neighborhood meeting to explain the program and toanswer questions.

Lighting choices for your neighborhood were established by the Columbus Street Lighting Master Plan.

Basic Service Street Light:

� Installed at no cost to the property owner.� Power costs to be paid by the City.

Implementation

Partially Lit Planning Areas/Target Neighborhoods

Example Letter to Target Neighborhood Residents

Target Neighborhoods within partially lit planning areaswill be the boundaries of the City of Columbus' directinvolvement of providing the street lighting public service.It is within these neighborhoods that the City will use votedbond money to install the basic service installation as ithas done under Project 2020 throughout the City. Unlikeprevious years, given the adopted goals and objectivesof the Street Lighting Master Plan, the street lightingprogram will include a city-facilitated process to guidepetitions for decorative street lights. This program willinclude:

� An affirmation that post top street lights are thepreferred installation; however, the basicservice is still available.

� Pre-designated assessment area boundaries.

� A City letter campaign advising residents ofthe program.

� Pre-engineering and cost estimate at thecommencement of the process.

NOTICE

Preferred Neighborhood Street Light:

� Requires the signatures of at least 60% of theproperty owners abutting the improvement.

� Each property owner's share of the cost will be$1200.00 per lot.

� This cost may be put on a tax duplicate and spreadover 10 years (with interest not to exceed $25.00)

� Power cost to be paid by the City.

The Master Plan


ALUMINUMBRACKET

WOOD POLE


4'-12'

Proactive Implementation

In order to achieve the goals and objectives of the StreetLighting Master Plan, (to provide neighborhood choice,to maintain consistency and continuity in application,and to actively put new wiring installation underground),the City government must become much more proactivein the street lighting assessment process.

1. Meet with established neighborhood groups to discuss phasing strategies and choices.

� Send out standard notice to targeted areas thatthe DOE is planning to install steet lights.

� Indicate that the City is actively pursuing safety,security and aesthetic design and planningobjectives.

� Identify the lighting choices provided in theMaster Plan for that neighborhood. The letterwill also invite residents to a meeting at whichthe available choices and process will beexplained. Those in attendance may vote ontheir choice.

2. Form a neighborhood decision making panel tomake decisions on the appropriate installation if notalready done.

� Conduct meeting(s) with the panel.� Decisions will be forwarded to the applicable

area or neighborhood commision for review andapproval.

3. A petition is prepared by the City.

� City will choose boundaries of the area andprovide an estimated cost of the preferredinstallation.

4. The neighborhood will circulate the petition toproperty owners and hope for good response. Solicitneighborhood help to circulate petitions and dofollow ups.

5. Plot the returns on the Auditor's property map of thenieghborhood.

6. Initiate project when 60% of households have signed.


12'-6"


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Implementation

Non-target Neighborhoods

The assessment program is not to be limited to targetareas. All neighborhoods are encouraged to participateand actively pursue street light improvements. The StreetLighting Master Plan has identified three types ofneighborhood situations and developed implementationrecommendations to ensure consistency, timelyinstallation, and to ensure a sizeable impact within theneighborhood.

These neighborhoods (or areas) include the following:

1. Large Neighborhoods within unlit planning areas

2. Small areas adjacent to area with street lighting

3. Developing neighborhoods.

The Master PlanLarge Neighborhoods in Unlit Planning Areas

These neighborhoods include Northland, NorthwestCivic, West Olentangy, North East, Far North and others.These are neighborhoods where street lights have notbeen installed to any extent within the planning area.There is no record of any assessments within theseneighborhoods, although there may be somedeveloper installed street lights in new subdivisions.

The expressed need for street lighting within these areasis mixed and scattered. Since utility lines are mostlyunderground within these neighborhoods, it is presumedif not expected, that property owners will prefer theunderground decorative installations.

In the meantime, the City will support and provideguidance to citizen-initiated assessment campaigns inall neighborhoods. These petition requests may becommenced at any time. The only changerecommended to the existing assessment process is toestablish a minimum size assessment area. This sizerequirement will serve to create a noticeable impactwithin the neighborhood, maintain momentum andenthusiasm for street lights, and most importantly,maintain consistency and continuity of street lightinstallations.

The strategy within non-targeted neighborhoods will:

� Require an assessment area of 90 to 100households (approximately 25 fixtures).

� Provide ongoing guidance to assessmentinitiatives.

� Replace citizen initiative with City program infuture years.

Scattered Unlit Neighborhoods Adjacent to LightedAreas

The Master Plan also recommends a lighting improvementstrategy for neighborhood areas that are adjacent to areasthat already have street lights. If the unlit area is adjacentto or within a targeted area, the area should be includedwithin the target area and improved along with the rest ofthe neighborhood. If the area is adjacent to an area withthe basic service installation, and residents of the areawant the basic service, the City should install the basicservice as funding is available.

In the instance where the neighborhood area is adjacentto an area with decorative fixtures, the City should supportpetitions of any size for installations of the same decorativefixture found on the adjacent street.

Developing Neighborhoods

Street lighting has been required in new subdivisions since1990. Developers have primarily chosen the direct burialfiberglass pole and acorn fixture or the spun aluminium polewith a cobra head fixture. The acorn fixture has beenchosen almost exclusively over the last few years. In theinterest of consistency, continuity and the enhancementof a city-wide street lighting system, it is recommended thatthe acorn/fiberglass post top installation be installed city-wide. This installation is more attractive in a staggeredpattern along the street. Timely installation at the time ofconstruction may require the straight line pattern to be used.

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Special Permits

The Street Lighting Master Plan identifies the minimumhardware and design requirements that are necessaryfor public street lighting. The Master Plan recognizes thatthere is a need for street lighting that exists beyond typicalor standard situations. However, there are a number ofissues that must be addressed and/or considered beforea decision on specialty lighting can be made. Theseissues include the following:

� Implementation - the extra cost for the City tomaintain many installations styles.

� Poor lighting designs may be a safetyproblem and overlighting will waste electricity.

� The additional costs for hardware and electricitywill negatively impact the City's ability to maintainthe self-sustaining nature of the street lightingprogram.

� Poor continuity of fixture types will look haphazardand be disorienting.

� The City will never be able to satisfy the designtastes of small groups or individuals.

� Often requests for specialty lighting will involvemultiple municipal goals that need prioritizing.

Special Permit Criteria

While the Street Lighting Master Plan addresses the minimumneeds of a public street lighting system, a need still exists forspecialty lighting that addresses the functional and designneeds of certain areas of the City. The use of special lightingshould be limited to �districts� that have designcharacteristics that do not fit typical urban designcharacteristics found throughout the City. Publicimprovements alone should not be used to create a specialdistrict, but rather be used to accentuate the existing orproposed building design or pedestrian activity. Indesignating a special district the following must bedemonstrated:

� The district has well articulated urban designgoals that are consistent with city-wide designgoals.

� The district includes special pedestrian-orientedfunctions.

� The architecture of the district bears consistentrelation to the street.

� The project is associated with the communityand economic development goals of thecommunity.

For public and quasi-public proposals, the City Council mustmake a finding that the special public improvements thatare afforded to a district will have benefits that accrue tothe entire City and not just the property owners within thedistrict. In the case of private proposals, the City Councilmust make the following findings:

� That the street lighting proposal is consistent with thegoals and objectives of the Street Lighting Master Plan.

� That all street lighting hardware is of a standard thatmeets the DOE�s requirements for hardiness and lightinglevels.

� That the developer/property owner enter into anagreement with the DOE to purchase and install thespecialty hardware.

� That the developer/property owner enter into anagreement with the DOE to:

- maintain the installations andpay for additional electricity costs if the proposal

requires more street lights than the City typicallyprovides.

Review and Approval Process

1. A request for special district status is filed with theDOE.

The request will contain the following information:

� Proposed district location and boundaries� Names and addresses of the property owners

within the district� A conceptual street lighting plan identifying

existing and proposed street lighting within thedistrict

� A detailed statement justifying how the uniquecharacteristics of the proposed district warrantthe use of distinctive lighting hardware and/ordesign.

This statement may incorporate the following:

- Identify the urban design goals of the proposeddistrict. How are these goals consistent withcity-wide community development and designgoals?

- Is the proposal associated with the economicdevelopment goals of the community? If so,how?

- Describe the special pedestrian-orientedfunctions that require specialty lighting.

- Indicate how the building architecture of thedistrict and the proposed street lights will worktogether to maintain a consistent relation tothe street.

2. The DOE will review the request for clarity andcompleteness and forward copies of the completedrequest to the Division of Planning and to the Divisionof Engineering and Construction.

3. The staff of these divisions will review the request andprepare a report that will be sent to the Division ofElectricity.

4. The DOE will prepare its report and forward the requestand the staff reports to City Council for approval.

The Master Plan

Implementation

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Maintenance Factors

No lighting installation continues to provide the originaldesign levels over time because lamps become lessefficient, fixtures become dirty, lamp and fixture electricalcomponents fail and there will always be the usual numberof knocked down poles and downed wires. As the numberof street lights grows, the expense of maintaining thesystem will become a greater concern.

A systematic maintenance program must be based oncertain factors. Included among some of the non-technicalfactors are the following:

General lamp lumen depreciation--each lamp has a ratedlife that is based on the number of hours the lamp isilluminated. The efficiency of a lamp diminishes over timeeven though it appears the lamp is still burning brightly.The rated life of the high pressure sodium lamps used bythe City of Columbus is approximately five years.

Dirty lamps--The accumulation of dirt on the luminaire alsoresults in a loss of light output. There may be certain areasof the City where the lamps may get dirty rather quicklysuch as construction areas or certain roadway conditions.

Luminaire component depreciation--The metal, paint andplastic of the various component parts all depreciateunder various conditions. The standard inventory adoptedas part of this Plan will reduce the need for mixedcomponent parts throughout the system.

Burnouts--burnouts will generally occur at various timeseven on lamps that are illuminated the same number ofhours. A systematic replacement program will estimatethe number of burnouts that will occur before the time ofreplacement is reached.

Recommended Maintenance Program

It is the recommendation of the Master Plan that theDivision of Electricity (DOE) prepare and implement asystematic maintenance program that will relamp majorareas of the City every five years. In determining groupreplacement areas the following should be considered:

� The total light standards included in groupreplacements should equal about one-fifth of thetotal light pole inventory.

� Group replacements should consist of completecircuits.

� Neighborhoods identified in the plan should be thebasis of the replacement program as they representlogical service boundaries within the system.

� Group replacement areas should be distributedaround the entire City on a yearly basis.

� Over each maintenance cycle each fixture will haveits lamp replaced, the luminaire will be cleaned, theballast and electric wiring will be checked andreplaced as necessary and the pole will be paintedor refurbished as necessary.

� The DOE should collaborate with the Recreation andParks Department in dealing with street trees andtheir maintenance. The DOE should followrecommendations for tree pruning to minimizeconflict with street lighting.

Benefits of a Relamping Program

A regular ongoing relamping program will serve toaccomplish the following:

� It will increase overall system reliability and reducecost.

� The regular program will increase safety as there willbe fewer outages over the years.

� Systematic maintenance may be effective inreducing exposure to liability.

� The program will demonstrate to the public that allareas within the City receive equal proactivemaintenance on a regular basis.

� Converting the old system will result in more efficientlight sources.

Special Note on GIS

The geographical information system (GIS) now beingevaluated for use by all city divisions is sure to become aninvaluable tool the Division of Electricity will use to map itsentire lighting system, to track all items related tomaintaining the system and to eventually keep andmaintain all records and actions related to hardware andparts inventory.

The inventory map prepared as part of the Master Plan isto serve as the first step toward GIS programing. This workincluded the mapping of all circuits presently on thelighting system and identifying whether the circuit consistsof an overhead or underground system. The inventory mapmay easily be electronically updated as new lines andcircuits are installed. It is also recommended that theDivision begin a program that will locate every installationwith the system. This may be done in conjunction withother city divisions who must also locate utilities along thecity's rights of way, or individual lights may be inventoriedover time as the system is maintained. The inventory willinclude such attributes as the date installed, lamp style,the type of luminaire and pole and other special notes asto installation and maintenance.

Once the individual poles and fixtures are mapped andcataloged, the geographical and attributable data maybe examined in an effort to develop detailed maintenancestrategies, complete with mapped target areas, a listingof needed replacement parts and a listing of allmaintenance actions and man hours. The GIS system isalso likely to become an invaluable planning tool as it willhave the capability to track all data necessary to conductan assessment effort.

The Master Plan

Implementation

The City of Columbus utilizes a highly energy efficienthigh pressure sodium light source as the basis of its streetlighting program. By the year 2000, the Columbus streetlighting system will have been completely convertedto this modern light source. Since 1988, the Division ofElectricity has focused almost exclusively on installingnew lights as determined by the capital bond packagesof 1988 and 1995. Maintenance of the street light systemhas largely been performed on a spot basis. To date, theDivision has been able to adequately maintain thesystem by responding to approximately 20 calls per night.Considering the number of new lights that have beeninstalled over the last few years, it is understandablethat the spot maintenance policy has been the methodof choice --more emphasis has been placed on installingneeded lighting fixtures.

The Division will never entirely get away from spotmaintenance as "knock downs", storm damage and burnouts will continue to occur. However, a number of factorsnow exist that make systematic maintenance a moreappealing policy. The major factor influencing thischange is the sheer size of the system, both in terms ofthe number of fixtures and the large geographical areathe system now covers. The maintenance function willincreasingly require a greater budget share as the systemgrows. It will also require greater man hours to bedevoted to service individual lamps throughout the City.This will become even more evident as the nearly 2,000fixtures installed by developers at the fringes of the Citybegin to require more maintenance as the installationsage. The increased use of decorative fixtures is alsovery likely to increase maintenance calls as damagedor burned out installations will be much more noticeable.Property owners who paid for the fixtures throughassessment will be particularly apt to require immediateservice. Also as the system continues to grow it willbecome increasingly cheaper to systematically maintainthe system with regular ongoing maintenance programs.

Street Light Maintenance

Appendix

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A-0


Priority Areas

The Master Plan

Existing street lights were mapped and analyzed byplanning areas established by the Columbus Division ofPlanning. The Planning Division maintains an extensivedata base for each of the 27+ planning areas. ThePlanning Division has also identified individualneighborhoods within each of the planning areas. TheStreet Lighting Master Plan will use these planning areasand neighborhoods as the primary means of reportinginformation and establishing policy.

To date it has been the City's plan to install lighting withinthe older (pre-1950) areas of the City and work outward.Since 1988, the City has had active projects in all parts ofthe City insuring a good geographic distribution of lightingprojects. In future years, the Master Plan recommends thatthe City generate projects city-wide. To accomplish this,it is recommended that the Division of Electricity adoptdifferent strategies to fit the needs of the variousneighborhoods. For this purpose, the City's street lightingneeds have been categorized by Planning Areas. Thecategories are as follows:

1. Scattered unlit neighborhood areas - completelighting installations in neighborhoods that are onlypartially lit.

2. Partially lit neighborhood areas - complete lightingwithin neighborhoods that are part of a planning areathat already has street lights (1950 boundaryneighborhoods).

3. Unlit neighborhood areas inside of the I-270outerbelt.

4. Unlit areas outside of the I-270 outerbelt.

It has been estimated that areas one and two may becompleted within five years given the DOE's general streetlighting budget of 2 million dollars per year. When streetlighting projects are completed in these central cityneighborhoods, Project 2020 will lose its ability to begeographically distributed. Within the outerbelt onlyNorthland and Northwest will remain unlit. It is estimatedthat both of these neighborhoods will take 5 years tocomplete. By the year 2010 all Columbus neighborhoodswithin the I-270 outerbelt could be lit.

Existing Street Lighting by Planning Area

Lit Planning Areas Planning Principles and Design(See Appendix)

13. Near North/University A-1314. South Linden A-1416. Franklinton A-1618. Downtown A-1819. Near East A-1923. Buckeye A-2326B. Southwest A-2727A. Southeast A-2827B. Southeast A-29

Scattered Unlit Neighborhoods

12. Agler/Cassady A-1217. Greenlawn/Frank Rd. A-1722. Near South A-2224. Marion-Franklin A-24

Partially Lit Planning Areas

10. Clintonville A-1011. North Linden A-1115. Hilltop A-1520. Eastmoor/Walnut Ridge A-20

Unlit Planning Areas Inside I-270

5. Northwest Civic A-56. Northland A-68. West Scioto A-89. West Olentangy A-9

Unlit Planning Areas outside I-270

1. Dublin A-12. Far Northwest A-23. Spring Hollow/Josephinum A-34. Northeast A-47. Hilliard A-721. Far East (McNaughton) A-2125. Eastland/Brice A-2526A Southwest A-26

I-270

I-270

SR 161

I-270

I-71

Morse Rd.

2 3

64

5

10 11 12

7 8

9

1517

22

24

25

20

21

27C

27B

23

27A26B

26A

14

1618 19

13

Broad St.

Small unlit areas

Partially lit planning areas

Large unlit planning areasinside I-270

Large unlit planning areasoutside I-270

Key

Lit planning areas

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Please refer to appendix page 31 for inventory index.

Planning Area 1


Planning Area 1

Arterial Streets:

Avery Rd.Britton ParkwayCoffman Rd.Columbus-Marysville Rd.Cosgray Rd.Dublin Rd.Frantz Rd.Hayden Run Rd.Rings Rd.Paul Blazer ParkwayTuttle Crossing Blvd.Tuttle Rd.

Collector Streets:

Brand Rd.

Neighborhoods:

Number: Prototype: Fixture/Pole:

All neighborhoods Suburban 3,4,6

The Master Plan

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A-2

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Planning Area 2

Planning Area 2

Arterial Streets:

Hard Rd.Dublin-Granville Rd.Sawmill Rd.Smoky Row Rd.Snouffer Rd.Linworth Rd.Olentangy River Rd.

Collectors:

Olentangy River Rd.Linworth Rd.Snouffer Rd.

Neighborhoods:


NW1 Suburban 3,4,6NW2 Suburban 3,4,6NW3 Suburban 3,4,6NW4 Suburban 3,4,6NW5 Suburban 3,4,6NW6 Suburban 3,4,6NW7 Suburban 3,4,6NW8 Suburban 3,4,6NW9 Suburban 3,4,6NW10 Suburban 3,4,6NW11 Suburban 3,4,6NW12 Suburban 3,4,6NW13 Suburban 3,4,6NW14 Suburban 3,4,6NW15 Suburban 3,4,6NW16 Suburban 3,4,6NW17 Suburban 3,4,6

The Master Plan


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Planning Area 3


Planning Area 3

The Master Plan

Arterial Streets:

Campus View Rd.Cleveland Ave.Dublin-Granville Rd.Huntley Rd.Lazelle Rd.Main St.N. High St.Park Rd.Polaris ParkwaySancus Blvd.Wilson Bridge Rd.Worthington-Galena Rd.

Collectors:

Flint Rd.W. Schrock Rd.

Neighborhoods:


All neighborhoods Suburban 3,4,6,13

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A-4

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Planning Area 4


Planning Area 4

Arterial Streets:

Cherry Bottom Rd.Dublin-Granville Rd.Fodor Rd.Johnstown Rd.Hamilton Rd.Morse Rd.Sunbury Rd.

Collectors:

Greensward Rd.Harlem Rd.Ulry Rd.Warner Rd.

Neighborhoods:


NE4 Suburban 3,4,6NE5 Suburban 3,4,6NE6 Suburban 3,4,6

The Master Plan

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A-5

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Planning Area 5


Planning Area 5

Arterial Streets:

Bethel Rd.Reed Rd.Hayden Rd.Sawmill Rd.Dublin-Granville Rd.Riverside Dr.Olentangy River Rd.Godown Rd.Henderson Rd.

Collectors:

Olentangy River Rd.Godown Rd.Henderson Rd.West Case Rd.

Neighborhoods:


NW18 Suburban 3,4,6NW19 Suburban 3,4,6NW20 Suburban 3,4,6NW21 1960's Expansion 3,4,6NW22 1960's Expansion 3,4,6NW23 1960's Expansion 3,4,6NW24 1960's Expansion 3,4,6NW25 1960's Expansion 3,4,6

The Master Plan

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