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II. Research Problem, Objectives, and Other Concepts

Perception of the Middle-aged residents on the Eectiveness of theManagement of Barangay Projects and Programs in selected Puroksin Bakakeng Norte, Baguio City

A. The Research Problem

Little is known about the political determinants o subjective well!bein"across nations. The dominant theoretical approaches, comparison andtrait theor#, su""est that cross!national di$erences will be eithernone%istent or lar"el# independent o political conditions. &e ar"ueinstead that althou"h culture does appear to pla# a si"ni'cant role, theresults o democratic competition have even more dramatic e$ects uponnational levels o lie satisaction. (peci'call#, we demonstrate thatsubjective appreciation o lie is positivel# a$ected b# the ideolo"ical

comple%ion o "overnments and b# )ualitative eatures o the welarestate. The implications or social polic#, electoral politics, and ourtheoretical understandin" o lie satisaction are discussed *Radcli$,+-.

/overnment is the s#stem o control b# which a societ# compels theobedience o all its members to laws, and to o0cers who administer thelaws. It is an act o the societ# as a whole1 it speaks with authorit# to all1it rests upon laws made or the obedience o all1 and e%ists or the bene'to all the members o societ# *Cabradillaet.al ,+2. The "overnment isdivided into two major divisions in terms o the level o power or authorit#

it has, the 3ational and the Local /overnment. In "eneral, the 3ational/overnment ocuses on undin" or the "eneral welare o its people,while the Local /overnment would be its breakdown. Local /overnment isdescribed as a political subdivision o a nation or state that is constitutedb# law and has substantial control o local a$airs. *Cabradillaet.al , +2

As the basic political unit, the -44- Local /overnment Code providedthe 5aran"a# an important role to pla# in the national e$orts o achievin"si"ni'cant improvement in the countr#6s economic, political, and socialconditions.It is tasked to constitute the base or citi7ens to participate in"overnment a$airs since its collective views are the basis in the

ormulation o national policies and pro"rams *Cabradillaet.al , +2.

Accordin" to (ection 829 o the Local /overnment Code, the 5aran"a#serves as the primar# plannin" and implementin" unit o "overnmentpolicies, plans, pro"rams, projects, and activities in the communit#. Italso serves as a orum wherein the collective views o the people ma# bee%pressed, cr#stalli7ed and considered, and where disputes ma# beamicabl# settled *Local /overnment Code o -44-.


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The baran"a# is not principall# a political unit. It is more o a socio!economic communit#, a settlement amon" relatives b# blood and a0nit#,and a mutual help amon" baran"a# member called :ba#anihan;. Theba#anihan spirit characteri7ed b# the people havin" similar "oals,

interests, and aspirations, "et to"ether and baran"a#s called themselvesconederation o baran"a#s. *Almira,+2

The 5aran"a# "overnment is also "iven considerable autonom# tomana"e their a$airs, e%plore an# possibilities o raisin" their 'nancialresources and utili7e them at their own discretion, as lon" as this willresult to the improvement o the welare o their constituents. In order toul'll their mandates and unctions as contained in the Local /overnmentCode, 5aran"a#s must be e)uipped with the necessar# competencies,not onl# in terms o administrative capabilities but also on 'nancialresources which are necessar# or the provision o basic technical and

ph#sical acilities.

Individuals assess or perceive thin"s usuall# not in an absolute but in arelative wa# in relation to the consumption norm. The# oten associatesatisaction in terms o the ul'lment or non!ul'lment o their wants andneeds per se notwithstandin" the level o utilit# the# derive.

In the Philippine settin", when speakin" o "overnment projects,people tend to be skeptical about how the said responsible part#implements, plans and bud"ets the public und or speci'c projects andeven in the e%ecution o such. This is due to the inclement and never!

endin" issue o "rat and corruption char"ed a"ainst man# "overnmento0cials.

The /lobal Competitiveness Inde% Report or +-!+-- listedcorruption and ine0cient "overnment bureaucrac# as the top two mostproblematic actors or doin" business in the Philippines. The countr#6scorruption problem is a"ain hi"hli"hted in the +- Corruption PerceptionInde% where the Philippines ranked below


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"overnment unit should be made especiall# to the baran"a#s. *Cabradillaet.al , +2

This research lives or the purpose o obtainin" inormation on how themiddle!a"ed residents o a sample si7e perceive the e$ectiveness o the

mana"ement o 5aran"a# Projects and Pro"rams especiall# when theseare implemented.

5. The Research Objectives

The objectives o this stud# are the ollowin"B

/eneral ObjectiveB The primar# objective o this stud# is to determine whether

or not the middle!a"ed residents o 5akaken" 3orte, 5a"uio Cit#

are satis'ed b# the mana"ement o the baran"a# projects andpro"rams implemented. It also aims to know how theaorementioned residents perceive such projects and pro"ramsto be bene'cial or otherwise.

(peci'c ObjectivesB This stud# seeks to 'nd the ollowin"B

-. The perceived e$ectiveness o the mana"ement o 5aran"a#Projects and Pro"rams to the ollowin"B

A. Residents accordin" toB

a A"eb /enderc Occupationd >ducational Attainmente ears o Residenc# in the area

5. The baran"a# portolio in terms o itsBa 5aran"a# projects and pro"rams implementedb >%tent o projects and pro"ramsc Or"ani7ational structure

+. (i"ni'cant di$erence o the perceived e$ectiveness o mana"ement o baran"a# projects and pro"rams accordin" tothe pro'le o respondents.

8. The perceived reasons o respondentsD participation and non!participation in the baran"a#projects and pro"rams.

9. Level o seriousness o the problems encountered on themana"ement o 5aran"a# projects and pro"rams.


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=. >%tent which the motivatin" actors inEuence mana"ement o baran"a# projects and pro"rams

C. The Research Paradi"m

Conceptual Framework

5aran"a# Projects and Pro"rams are desi"ned to provide deepsense o commitment in servin" the residents in a particularcommunit#. The welare o the residents can be measured in terms o livelihood pro"rams initiated, health pro"rams assisted, or"ani7ationsor"ani7ed, "arba"e collection and disposal s#stem, and roadmonitorin".

On the other hand, baran"a# Ordinances are laws passed b# the

municipal "overnment. It is put into place in order to tar"et

maintenance o public saet#, health, morals, and "eneral welare.

Other ordinances deal with 're and saet# re"ulations that residential,

commercial,

and industial propert# owners must ollow.Ordinances ma# also deal wi

th public streets and sidewalks. *&estDs >nc#clopedia o American

Law, +2

In evaluatin" the perception o residents on the e$ectiveness o

the mana"ement o the baran"a# projects and pro"rams, the ollowin"

variables must be taken into li"ht. ana"ement o 5aran"a# projectsand pro"rams needs the application o knowled"e, skills, tools and

techni)ues to a broad ran"e o activities in order to meet the

re)uirements o a particular project. It includes *- Plannin" an idea or

a project that will be careull# e%amined to meet the welare o the

people in the communit#1 *+ Or"ani7in", where the baran"a#

determines the sources o unds to und the project and pro"rams1 *8

@irectin" people, wherein tasks are distributed and teams are inormed

o responsibilities1 and *9 ProjectGpro"ram perormance and control,

where leaders will compare project status and pro"ress to the actual

plan, as resources perorm the scheduled work. *Project Insi"ht, -449

The paper also draws rom the literatures re"ardin" perception o

residents to baran"a# perormances. Fishbein and Aj7en *-4


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The understandin" on how the projects and pro"rams are bein"carried out is criticall# important to the residents o the communit#or the# are the primar# bene'ciar# o such. The Fi"ure below depictsthe proposed Eow o the stud#.

Fi"ure -. Flow o the (ud#!ndependent "aria#le

$ependent "aria#le

E%pected &utput

• 3umber o Projects

• 3umber o households

• Projects and Pro"rams

• 5aran"a# Ordinances

unicipal onitorin

Perception o residents on the level o e$ectiveness o

baran"a# projects and pro"rams mana"ement

• accordin" to their pro'leo A"eo /endero Occupationo >ducational Attainmento ears o Residenc# in the area

Recommendation or the e$ectiveness o ana"ement o 5aran"a# projects and


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@. The H#pothesis

(peci'call#, the stud# will be "uided b# the ollowin" h#pothesisB

-. There is no si"ni'cant di$erence in the perceived e$ectiveness o

mana"ement o baran"a# projects and pro"rams accordin" to thepro'le o respondents.+. There is no si"ni'cant di$erence in the perceived e$ectiveness o

mana"ement o baran"a# projects and pro"rams accordin" tobaran"a# portolio.

8. There is no si"ni'cant di$erence in the perceived reasons o respondentsD participation and non!participation in the baran"a#projects and pro"rams when respondents are "rouped accordin" totheir pro'le.

9. There is no si"ni'cant di$erence in the level o seriousness o theproblems encountered on the mana"ement o 5aran"a# projectsand pro"rams when respondents are "rouped accordin" to theirpro'le.

=. There is no si"ni'cant di$erence in the e%tent to which themotivatin" actors inEuence mana"ement o baran"a# projects andpro"rams when "roup accordin" to their pro'le.

>. Assumptions

-. Respondents are residents at least or a baran"a# politicalterm.

+. The respondents have knowled"e about the projects and

pro"rams o the baran"a#.8. That the middle!a"ed residents are o sane and sound mind1

and that the# are sociall# concerned.9. The baran"a# o0cials implement projects that cater the need

o their residents.=. The projects a$ect the level o utilit# o the respondents.

F. (cope and @elimitations

This stud# is crated as a measurement on the level o satisaction

o the middle!a"ed residents o 5akaken" 3orte, 5a"uio Cit# on the

baran"a# projects and pro"rams implemented and how the# perceive the

baran"a# mana"ement related to the said projects and pro"rams.

The stud# will be limited to the ollowin" aspectsB


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*-Projectsa. Roadb. Alle#s, Canals, and @raina"e

*+Pro"rams

a. Healthb. (olid waste mana"ementc. (anitationd. Livelihood pro"rams

The issues and concerns o the stud# will be *a Level o seriousness o the problems encountered on the mana"ement o baran"a# projects and pro"rams, and *b >%tent to which themotivatin" actors inEuence mana"ement o baran"a# projects andpro"rams

The stud# is limited to the perception o residents on the level o

e$ectiveness o baran"a# projects and pro"rams when "rouped

accordin" to their pro'le *a A"e, *b /ender, *c Occupation, *d

>ducational Attainment, and *e ears o Residenc# in the area

For the Area Covera"e, the stud# will be con'ned in

5akaken" 3orte, 5a"uio Cit#.

The respondents will be chosen on the basis o their active

involvement in the baran"a# communit#. The# will either be

intended bene'ciar# o the pro"rams. In case the resident is not

an active member in the baran"a# communit# *as in cases where

he or she does not want participate in baran"a# pro"rams, the

people who en"a"es themselves the most in the baran"a#

projectsGpro"rams will be the respondent o the stud#. Theses

respondents will be pro'led in terms o their *a A"e, *b "ender*c occupation, *d educational attainment, and *e #ears o

residenc#.

/. @e'nition o Terms


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5aran"a#

(ection 829 o the Local /overnment Code o -44- states thatB

The basic political unit, the baran"a# serves as the primar# plannin"

and implementin" unit o "overnment policies, plans, pro"rams,

projects and activities in the communit# and as the orum wherein thecollective and the collective views o the people ma# be e%pressed,

cr#stalli7ed and "iven due course and when contendin" claims ma# be

amicabl# settled.

5aran"a# o0cials

The# are deemed persons in authorit# in their respective

jurisdiction, hence, the# are mandated to maintain public order and

ensure the protection o lie, libert# and propert#.

H. ariables

The independent variables are the variables that stand alone and can6t

be chan"e b# other variables and the# are the presumed cause o the

chan"e in certain phenomena. The independent variables o this stud# are

the number o projects1 the number o households1 projects *road and

alle#s, canals, and draina"es and Pro"rams *health, solid waste

mana"ement, sanitation, and livelihood and 5aran"a# Ordinances.

The dependent variables are the conditions that are inEuenced b# theindependent variables. Their status as inEuenced b# the independent

variables will be the concern o the researchers. In this stud#, the

researchers will 'nd out the perceived level o e$ectiveness 5aran"a#

projects and pro"rams mana"ement in terms o their pro'le.

The intervenin" variables are variables which ma# have

important impact on the outcome o evaluation althou"h it cannot be

considered directl#. The# are the re"ulatin" variables or the#

intervene between the independent and dependent variables. In this

stud#, the intervenin" actors would be the actors that monitor thelevel o e$ectiveness o 5aran"a# projects and pro"rams.

I. (i"ni'cance o the (tud#5aran"a# Projects and Pro"rams envision not onl# to cater the

needs o the people livin" in the communit# but also to 'nd solutions

on how to uplit the lives o the citi7ens. For the past decades there are


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baran"a# projects that were proposed b# our baran"a# o0cials. (ome

o the projects let a mark but some didn6t have so much impact in the

lives o the people. The research paper would serve as a "uide to an# "overnment

*includin" 5aran"a# 5akaken" 3orte, 5a"uio Cit# and non!"overnment

or"ani7ation in the plannin" and decision as to which pro"rams and

projects should be mana"ed e$ectivel#. The research paper would serve as a tool or the baran"a#

leaders to collect knowled"e re"ardin" the residents6 issues and

concerns on the baran"a# projects and pro"rams and address such

issues and concerns in the uture. It will be helpul or them as to how

will the# be able to implement their present and uture projects and

run their pro"rams throu"h the resident6s eedbacks.It would serve as instrument o communication between the

baran"a# personnel responsible or the mana"ement o baran"a#

projects and pro"rams and the residents. The baran"a# personnel

would be able to assess the e$ectiveness o mana"ement rom the

residents6 eedbacks and the residents would be able to ac)uire

knowled"e as to how the projects and pro"rams are mana"ed. This stud# will also be bene'cial to the researchers because the#

will be inormed about true s#stem and situations o the baran"a#s

throu"h personal contact with the baran"a# o0cials and residents. The

researchers will also learn to assess the e$ectiveness o the baran"a#

projects and how these projects are planned and implemented which

can be used as a basis or their uture projects. This research ma# serve as reerence tool or other baran"a#s as

well as other researchers that have related studies.

III. Review on Related Literature

Eectiveness

Labawi", elod# *-444, Leadership >$ectiveness o 5aran"a# CaptainsB ItsImplication to 5aran"a# @evelopment, available athttpBGGdspace.slu.edu.phGhandleG-+89=?ducational attainment and proessional e%perience had little e$ect onthe leadership e$ectiveness o baran"a# captains alon" communication,coordinatin" and support, decision makin" and evaluation o perormanceand eedback.;

Community Project


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akol, 5adri#a *+9, &omenDs Participation in A"rarian Reorm Communit#Project in a Filipino 5aran"a#, available athttpBGGpsasir.upm.edu.m#G?G-GF>J+9J-K+2-!+9K+4.pd

*= :The stud# concluded that the implementation o the ARC *A"rarian

Reorm Communit# projects not onl# resulted in the creation o income!"eneratin" activities in the baran"a#, but also it acilitated womenDsparticipation in development e$orts. @espite their limited resources, the#showed "reater motivation to take part in the projects. The# haddemonstrated that throu"h a participator# orm o development the# could,b# actin" collectivel#, achieve sel!reliance.;

&rgani'ational (tructure

Padilla, Cherr# 5eth etc *+-, Leadership (cale o 5aran"a# Le"islators in@avao Cit#B An Application o (tructural >)uation odel, available at

httpBGGpsasir.upm.edu.m#G?G-GF>J+9J-K+2-!+9K+4.pd

*9 :A transormational leader ocuses on transormin"6 others to help eachother, to look out or each other, to be encoura"in" and harmonious, and tolook out or the or"ani7ation as a whole.;

Performance of Barangay

Cadorna, >del#n A. Ph.@, etc *+2, Perormance o 5aran"a#s in i"an Cit#,

available athttpBGGwww.eisrjc.comGdocumentsGPerormanceJOJ5aran"a#sJinJi"anJCit#J -8+=??989.pd

*- :This stud# assessed the perormance o the baran"a#s in i"an Cit# interms o livelihood pro"rams initiated, economic enterprises, healthpro"rams assisted, or"ani7ations or"ani7ed, "arba"e collection and disposals#stem, and revenue. The inEuence o input variables on the perormance o the baran"a#s was likewise looked into in this stud#.;

)ood)overnance

@IL/ *+-+, “Good Governance and Anti-corruption”, 5est Practices on5aran"a# /overnance.

*- The 5aran"a# Council o (to. Christo, An"eles Cit# enacted and approveda resolution on the establishment o a Communit# Purok!5ased People


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Or"ani7ation in all o the ei"ht puroks in the baran"a# named /RMPO3/NATM&A3/. It aims on stren"then the people6s participation in chartin" andplannin" their concerns and social opinions, comments and su""estions,re"ardin" the isuues and demands.

a (atisfactory

Projects

Cabadilla, Ric 5. et.al *+2. Project Implementstion and Fund ana"ement

o 5aran"a# Camp 9 Tuba, 5en"uet.

*+8 akin" more people aware o the projects o the baran"a# would let the

locals e%perience the bene'ts o this projectsand would enable them to

participate in terms o "ender, whether it ma male o emale as lon" as

proper und mana"ement control is applied it would ressult to a better

implementation. In terms o educational attainment, baran"a# o0cialsshould ocus more on bud"etin" control to be able to implement a better

control s#stem in terms o und mana"ement. In creatin" projects, the

baran"a# should ocus on the determination o the ur"ent and pressin"

needs o the locals so as to be able to address these problems with more

than just satisactor# projects.

I. Research @esi"n and ethodolo"#

The methods we will be usin" in our stud# would be the surve#,

descriptive and in)uir# method. &e wil be able to establish acts about our

research with this methods. The surve# method would be useul or obtainin"

speci'c data about the back"round o the stud# and would provide additional

inormation the in)suir# method will not be able to provide. The in)uir#

method would be o use or some )uestions to be address and or

clari'cation o some topic and conte%t. The result o the In)uir# and surve#

method will be the basis o the rationale o the stud#.

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