for more information see: original images and graphics

For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp

UK National Action Plan for Pesticides:

integrating regulation andnon-regulatory

approaches

James ClarkeChairman

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


Presentation content

• The role of the Pesticides Forum (PF)• Thematic strategy (for pesticides) • The UK National Action Plan (NAP)

– EU context– UK approach

• Indicators of Sustainable Use– By key heading in NAP

• Summary and future plans


Pesticides in the UK

• Pesticides Forum annual report• Impacts and sustainable use• PPT of data available

www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp

http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp


About the Pesticides

Forum

Members, objectives and topics covered


Pesticides Forum Membership OrganisationsUsers, Advisors, Manufacturers, Environment, Consumers

ADAS

The Organic Sector

Advisory Committee on Pesticides (ACP)

Agricultural Engineers Association (AEA)

Agricultural Industries Confederation (AIC)

Agriculture & Horticulture Development Board (AHDB)

The Amenity Forum

BASIS (Registration) Ltd

The Co-operative Farms

Country Land & Business Association (CLA)

Crop Protection Association (CPA)

Environment Agency (EA)

Fresh Produce Consortium/British Retail Consortium

The Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust (GWCT)

Linking the Environment & Farming (LEAF)

National Farmers’ Union (NFU)

National Farmers’ Union Scotland (NFUS)

Pesticide Action Network (PAN-UK)

Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC)

Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH)

SUSTAIN

Unite

Voluntary Initiative (VI)

Wildlife & Countryside LINK (WCL)

Women’s Food & Farming Union (WFU)


Aims and ObjectivesAims:• To oversee work under the UK National Action Plan• To monitor the effects of policies, laws and other

initiatives that affect or are affected by the use of pesticides, and

• To offer advice to Ministers and stakeholders• To provide a forum for exchanging views, and where

possible to allow our stakeholders to come to a general agreement

Specific Objectives:• Communications• Monitoring impacts • Knowledge transfer

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/pesticides-uk-national-action-plan


The UK National Action

Plan

Available from:https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/pesticides-uk-national-action-plan



Thematic strategy (for PPPs)

Disposal/degradation

Pre-marketing

Use

Authorisation regulation

1107/2009/EC

Pesticides and Waste law

Machinery Directive

2009/127/EC (Amended)

Sustainable Use Directive2009/128/EC

Statistics regulation

1185/2009/EC


National Action Plan (NAP)

• NAP setting objectives, targets, measures and timetables

• Indicators to monitor products containing substances of concern

• Use reduction targets if appropriate for risk reduction

• To take account of health, social , economic and environmental impacts, national, regional and local conditions and other legislation (e.g. WFD)

• Public participation• To Commission by November 2012 and reviewed 5

yearly


UK National Action Plan: Approach

• Outlines pesticides legislative regime– Authorisation, MRLs, Sustainable Use Directive

• Explains government’s wider strategic priorities– reducing burdens in business, improving productivity and

competitiveness of farming, enhancing the environment and biodiversity

– adopting a proportionate approach to regulation and removing un-necessary burdens

• Clarifies roles– Defra with strategic oversight, government and non-governmental

organisations to work together• Stakeholder consultations, role for the Pesticide Forum,

supported by short-life and standing working groups

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation


National Action Plan (NAP)

• Required under implementation of the Sustainable Use Directive for PPPs

• Provides framework for:– reducing the risks and impacts of pesticide use

on human health and the environment– promoting the use of integrated pest

management and of alternative approaches or techniques, such as non-chemical alternatives to pesticides.

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation



National Action Plan

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation


Role of PF and NAP

• Ensure appropriate regulation and compliance

• Encourage current best practice• Monitor progress (indicators)• Identify and promote even better practice

– Regulation– Industry initiatives– Research and Development

• Short-life working groups

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation


NAP – main headings• Training

– Improving standards – Operators - (R), advisers• Sales – storekeeper certification• Information and awareness raising

– Consumer and health protection, wildlife protection• Inspection of application equipment

– Sprayer testing (R)- every 3 years from 2020; Annual (Assurance Schemes)• Aerial application – very limited, permitted application only• Protection of aquatic environment and drinking water• Risk in specific areas

– Protected areas, amenity• Handling & storage, packaging

– Sub-group & communication• Integrated Pest Management (IPM) – encourage and support uptake

– Baselines, sectoral needs, IPM Plans• Indicators – Usage data (R), needs

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation


Key issues: NAP

• Protection of water• Best practice in Amenity and Amateur• Integrated approaches

– Availability and viable techniques– Adoption

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation


Indicators of Sustainable Use

3


Part 1: Training

4


Training and Certification

Training – initial and on-going – by November 2012• Access for users, distributors and advisors, to

recognise different roles• Training bodies designated by the competent

authorities.Certification - by November 2013• Establish certification systems. Designate

competent authorities responsible for implementation

• Establish requirements and procedures to grant, renew and withdraw certificates.


Training

• Context Importance of training, market is able to meet demand and deliver to an appropriate quality. Retailer assurance schemes promote continuing professional development

• Regulation Law requires that all users must be trained initially. CRD has established system for designation of training bodies. Content of existing training courses has been updated

• Non-regulatory Industry has developed continuing professional development training programmes for users and initial and ongoing training for advisors and distributors

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation


Figure 1: Indicator - User practice: National Register of Sprayer Operators (NRoSO)

(number of members & % sprayed area)

Source: VI Annual Report 2011-2012

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

% s

pray

ed a

rea

num

ber o

f tes

ts

NRoSO Members % sprayed area covered


Figure 2: Indicator - User Practice: BASIS professional register (number of members)

Source: BASIS *2012 figure as at 31 Jan 2013

0500

1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,000

num

ber o

f mem

bers

Membership of BASIS Professional Register


Part 2: Sales

.


Sales

• distributors of non-professional products to provide general information on risks/mitigation/low-risk alternatives.

by November 2015• distributers of professional products have sufficient staff

with training certificate in employment.• Staff with certificate to be available at time of sale.• Micro-distributors may be exempt if not selling certain types

of products.• Member states to take measures to restrict sales of

professional products to persons holding the certificate.


SalesR&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation

• Context Pesticides purchased ‘on account’. Responsible distributors make enquiries before selling to persons ‘unknown’

• Regulation Law requires: distributors to have sufficient staff with certificate available at point of sale; any person who purchases a pesticide to ensure end user holds a certificate; distributors of non-professional products to provide general information; and that storekeepers take ‘reasonable precautions’ to protect human health and the environment

• Other measures – High standards promoted by BASIS nominated

storekeeper certificate– Information for non-professional products on

simple/clear labels and Amateur Liaison Group


Figure 3: BASIS Nominated Storekeeper (NSK) / Amenity Storekeeper (Amenity NSK) training courses:

Total number of successful candidates

Source: BASIS

NSK, 5029

Amenity NSK, 1294


Figure 4: BASIS Garden Centre qualification (Guardian Certificate in Garden Care):

number of candidates and passes

Source: BASIS

01020304050607080

Year

No. of candidates No. of passes


Part 3: Information

and awareness raising

4


Information and awareness raising

• Member states to take measures to inform the public and facilitate information and awareness raising programmes

• Information should be balanced and accurate and cover risks to human health and the environment and use of non-chemical alternatives

• Member states to put in place systems for gathering information on pesticide poisoning incidents


Information and awareness raising

• Context Active sharing of information by government and stakeholders. EU Commission developing guidance document on monitoring systems

• Regulation Revised labelling to products (e.g. hard surfaces)

• Other measures Reviews on human health monitoring arrangements

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation


Figure 5: Indicator - Consumer protection: Maximum Residues Levels compliance

% of fruit and vegetable samples tested and found with one or more residues above the MRL

0123456789

10

All samples UK samples Other EC (non-UK) samples

Non-EC samples

% sa

mpl

es w

ith re

sidu

es a

bove

MRL

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: Defra Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues in Food


Figure 6: Indicator - Human health protection: PIAP investigations

Source: HSE Pesticide Incident Appraisal Panel Report 2011-12

Nu

mb

er o

f in

cid

ents

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180Other complaints Alleged ill-health - unconfirmed Confirmed/likely/open


Figure 7: Indicator - Pesticide poisoning incidents investigated by the Wildlife Incident Investigation

Scheme (WIIS)

Source: CRD

0

50

100

150

200

250

num

ber

of c

ases

Abuse Misuse Approved use Unspecified use Veterinary compounds

* Numbers for 1995 refer to vertebrate incidents only . They do not not include bees, other invertebrates or fish.


Part 4: Inspection of application equipment

5


Inspection of application equipmentMany different deadlines

• Certified equipment used from 2016. – 5 yearly tests until 2020, 3 yearly thereafter

• Possible exemptions or differing arrangements for certain types of application equipment

• Users to conduct regular calibrations and technical checks

• Designation of bodies to conduct tests/certification systems

• Mutual recognition of certificates


Inspection of application equipment

• Context Market supplies demand for annual testing of application equipment

• Regulation New law requires all equipment to be tested in line with requirements of the directive. Also requires CRD to designate bodies to conduct inspections, keep a register of inspectors and grant certificates. Low-scale of use equipment to be inspected every 6 years. Derogation for knapsacks and handhelds. Professional users must carry out regular calibration checks

• Non-regulatory measures Retailer protocols specify annual testing of equipment

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation


Figure 8: Indicator - User practice: National Sprayer Testing Scheme (NSTS)

(number of sprayer tests and % sprayed area)

Source: VI Annual Report 2010-11 and NSTS /AEA (2011/2012)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000Tests % Sprayed area covered

nu

mb

er o

f te

sts

% s

pra

yed

are

a


Figure 9: Membership of crop assurance schemes on holdings sampled in the United Kingdom Pesticide

Usage Survey

Source: Pesticide Usage Survey

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Arable crops - 2010 (n = 544)

Soft fruit - 2010 (n = 275)

Outdoor vegetables- 2011 (n = 595)

Edible protected crops - 2011 (n = 237)

Fodder & forage crops - 2009 (n = 688)1

Orchards - 2008 (n = 227)1

Orchards - 2008 (n = 170)1,2

%

Percentage of sampled area grown Percentage of holdings with crop assurance

n = number of farms surveyed1 = Surveys of GB only2 = Excluding holdings only growing cider apples


Part 5: Aerial application

Indicators• 408 permits issued in 2012


Aerial spraying

• Prohibited but derogation possible if conditions met• Designate authorities to set out conditions/

circumstances under which aerial spraying can be carried out

• Designated authority to consider application plans and issue permits to spray

• Monitoring to check compliance• Records to be kept and made available to the public


Aerial spraying

• Regulation Law allows CRD to issue permit to spray only when relevant conditions exist. Aviation legislation also regulates low-flying activities. Nature conservation legislation also relevant where CRD permits applications in or close to protected areas

• Non-regulatory Aerial Application Association developing Operating Standards (best practice guide)

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation


Part 6: Measures to

protect the aquatic environment and

drinking water6


Protection of the aquatic environment and drinking water

• ‘Appropriate measures’ support Water Framework Directive

• Give preference to particular products and application techniques

• Use mitigation measures that minimise risk of off-site pollution – including buffer zones and safeguard zones

• Minimise or eliminate applications on man-made surfaces with risk of run-off to water


Protection of the aquatic environment

and drinking water

• Context Pesticide pollution of water means that UK may fail to meet requirements of Water Framework Directive. Good understanding of pesticides which most frequently pollute surface waters and groundwaters

• Regulation Use of risk assessment and mitigation measures. Users to take ‘reasonable precautions’ to protect the environment, confine spray to target areas, minimise use in identified higher risk areas and give preference to particular product types. Also use of water legislation

• Incentives Use of subsidies to encourage adoption of best practice measures

• Non-regulatory Government and industry published guidance (Codes of Practice, Voluntary Initiative, Campaign for the Farmed Environment, Get Pelletwise, Amenity Forum), Catchment Sensitive Farming programme

• Research and Development programme to improve – understanding of behaviour of pesticides once released into the

environment; precision of spraying; and safe disposal practice

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation


Figure 10: Indicator - Surface water Drinking Water Protected Areas (DrWPAs) in England and Wales where assessments indicate pesticides are putting WFD Article 7 compliance at risk

Source: Environment Agency

• 15% at risk of non-compliance– metaldehyde– MCPA– chlorotoluron– mecoprop-P– carbetamide– 2,4-D– propyzamide


Figure 14: Indicator – Groundwater bodies in England and Wales failing WFD objectives due to pesticides


• 5% at risk of non-compliance– bentazone– mecoprop-Pand 5 pesticides no

longer available


Figure 16: Indicator - Number of substantiated category 1 and 2 pollution incidents for land, air or water, involving agricultural

and non-agricultural pesticides


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

num

ber

of in

cide

nts

Agricultural Non-agricultural


Part 7: Reduction of

risk in specific areas

7


Reduction of use or risk in specific areas

• Member states shall, taking account of hygiene, public health and biodiversity requirements, ensure use in minimised or prohibited in:

a. areas used by the general public or vulnerable groups (parks, gardens, sports and recreation grounds, school grounds and children’s playgrounds and in the close vicinity of healthcare facilities)

b. WFD protected areas or Natura 2000 sitesc. recently treated areas accessible to agricultural workers

• The use of low-risk products and biological control measures shall be considered in the first instance


Reduction of use or risk in specific areas

• Context 10% of all pesticide use in public spaces. Use in conservation areas also subject to conditions of nature protection legislation

• Regulation Risk assessment process considers risk to public and workers in recently treated areas and imposes relevant mitigation measures (worker and human health protection legislation also relevant). Nature protection legislation imposes enhanced controls for sensitive sites

• Non-regulatory Amenity Forum developing best practice guidance. Training providers launching NASOR and Amenity Assured

• Research and Development into effectiveness and cost of integrated approaches

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation


Part 8: Handling and storage

of pesticides & treatment of their

packaging and remnants

7


Handling and storage

• Adopt measures necessary to ensure the ensure following professional operations do not endanger human health or the environment

a. storage, handling, dilution and mixing before applicationb. handling and packaging of remnantsc. disposal of tank mixtures after applicationd. cleaning of equipment after applicatione. recovery or disposal of remnants and packaging in accordance with

relevant waste legislation• Storage areas constructed to ensure they prevent ‘unwanted

releases• Adopt measures to ensure non-professional users avoid dangerous

handling operations (low-toxicity products, RTU, pack sizes)


Handling and storage

• Context Evidence suggests generally done to a high standard but some groups of users better than others

• Regulation Risk assessment process identifies and mitigates risk (e.g. use closed transfer systems, container sizes, etc). Special requirements for authorisation of non-professional products. Legislation on use requires adoption of ‘reasonable precautions’ and construction of storage areas to prevent unwanted releases. Also legislation on pollution, waste, transport, accident hazards and building standards

• Non-regulatory Government and industry guidance. Capital grants also available in Catchment Sensitive Farming Scheme for infrastructure investments. Pesticide Forum Container Management Group

• Industry Voluntary Initiative promoting TOPPS guidance. BASIS store inspection scheme. Retailer protocols require adoption of relevant standards. Specific amenity and amateur guidance

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation


Figure 20: Indicator - User practice: Cross compliance checks, legislative breaches under SMR 9

and SMR 11 in 2011

Source: RPA inspection records

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland

num

ber

of in

spec

tions

Inspections Breaches


Figure 21: Variation in Cross Compliance Breach Rate (SMR 9 & SMR 11) between 2006 and 2011

Source: RPA inspection records

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

% B

reac

h Ra

te



Figure 22: Comparison of number of cross compliance (SMR 9 and SMR 11) breaches and breach severity in 2011

Source: RPA inspection records n%= % reduction of Single Payment Scheme claim WL = Warning letter

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


num

ber

of b

reac

hes

WL 1% 2% 3% 5% >5% - 15% >15%


Part 9: Integrated Pest Management

(IPM)7


Integrated Pest Management

• Take measures to promote low-input pest management (IPM and organic farming) – giving priority to non-chemical methods

• Establish and support establishment of conditions for implementation of IPM, ensuring users have information and tools to monitor pests and make decisions and access to advisory services

• Report to the Commission on the way in which and how successful they have been, in meeting these requirements by 30 June 2013

• Describe in NAP how they will ensure general principles of IPM are implemented by users by 1 January 2014

• Establish appropriate incentives to encourage users to implement crop or sector specific IPM guidelines on voluntary basis. Guidelines can be drawn up by public bodies or user organisations


Integrated Pest Management

• Context Many users adopting elements of an integrated approach. Barriers to uptake are lack of quality and consistent level of control

• Regulation Training programmes must cover integrated approaches. Biopesticides Scheme to support registration of products

• Incentives Government support for farmers converting to organic production

• Non-regulatory Retailer protocols promote practices consistent with the general principles of IPM. Particular guidance for Forestry

• Research and Development Alternative approaches significant part of research programme

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation


IPM• IPM = ICM (crop) = IFM (farm)• What is the baseline? • Sectoral needs vary• IPM Plans

– Agenda item October 2013 PF meeting– Check list– Greater encouragement– Site and season specific – Identify and monitor priorities at farm level


Figure 23: Indicator - User practice: Crop Protection Management Plans (CPMPs)

(area covered in hectares)

Source: VI Annual Report 2011-12 (*2011/12 figure is CPMP/LEAF combined data)

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

2003/4 2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12*

Voluntary Initiative CPMP LEAF Audit

hec

tare

s


Figure 24: Indicator - Population of selected UK farmland bird species

Source: Defra/British Trust for Ornithology/Joint Nature Conservation Committee/RSPB

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Corn Bunting Grey Partridge Yellowhammer All Species (19)


Figure 25: Indicator - Population of all UK bird species

Source: Defra

Ind

ex (

1970

=1)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Generalist farmland (7) Specialists farmland (12) Farmland birds (19 spp)All (122 spp) Wood (38 spp) Seabirds (19 spp)


Figure 26: Indicator – Cumulative numbers of active substances and products approved as biopesticides, in any one year

Source: HSE

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Active substances Products


Figure 27: Comparison of number of biopesticides (active substances) registered in each EU member state according to the

UK definition of a biopesticide (as at May 2012)

Source: EU Pesticides Database, 2012

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Mal

ta

Rom

ania

Latv

ia

Lith

uani

a

Esto

nia

Port

ugal

Slov

akia

Czec

h

Pola

nd

Aus

tria

Bul

gari

a

Hun

gary

Cypr

us

Irel

and

Den

mar

k

Finl

and

Gre

ece

Luxe

mbo

urg

Ger

man

y

Slov

enia

Swed

en

Bel

gium

Uni

ted

King

dom

Ital

y

Net

herl

ands

Spai

n

Fran

ce

Pheromone

Microbials & plant extracts


1316

13 12

66

512

1515

13

13

1

2

2

22

2

3

34

4

4

32

2

2

1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1995 2000 2005 2010Year

vertebrate control

soil sterilant

molluscicides

Plant Growth Regulator (PGR)

insecticides

fungicides

herbicides

Notes: 1995: 1 herbicide only available as SOLA/EAMU2000: 1 fungicide, 1 herbicide, 1 insecticide only available as SOLA/EAMU2005: 3 fungicides, 1 herbicide, 4 insecticides, 1 PGR only available as SOLA/EAMU2010: 7 fungicides, 2 herbicides, 4 insecticides, 1 PGR only available as SOLA/EAMU.

Figure 28: Total number of active substances authorised* for use on plum crops, by type (*on-label and SOLA/EAMU)

Source: HSE


Figure 29: Total number of active substances authorised to control blossom wilt, plum fruit moth and perennial broad-leaved weeds in

plum crops (on-label and SOLA/EAMU)

Source: HSE

1 1 1

77 6

4

411

1

1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1995 2000 2005* 2010**Year

blossom wilt plum fruit moth perennial broad-leaved weeds

Notes: 2005*: the fungicide authorised for blossom wilt control is only available as a SOLA/EAMU2010**: 5 out of the 7 fungicides authorised for blossom wilt control are only available as SOLAs/EAMUs


Figure 30: Indicator – Pesticide Availability - Total number of active substances authorised* for use on winter oilseed rape crops, by type

(*on-label and SOLA/EAMU)

Source: HSE

24 24 22 23

20 18 1921

2117

12

16

2

2

3

3

4

4

3

3

3

2

3

3

2

22

2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1995 2000 2005 2010Year

vertebrate control

soil sterilant

pheromone

food storage

molluscicide

Plant Growth Regulator (PGR)

insecticide

fungicide

herbicide

Notes: Active substances not used by growers:1995: 4 herbicides, 5 insecticides, 1 PGR, 3 soil sterilants2000: 2 herbicides, 3 insecticides, 1 PGR, 3 soil sterilants2005: 1 fungicide, 1 insecticide, 1 molluscicide, 3 soil sterilants; 1 herbicide only available as SOLA/EAMU2010: 2 fungicides, 1 herbicide, 2 insecticides, 1 molluscicide, 2 soil sterilants, 1 vertebrate control agent; 2 herbicides only available as SOLA/EAMU


Figure 31: Indicator - Pesticide Availability – Total number of active substances authorised* to control phoma canker, cabbage stem flea

beetle and cleavers in winter oilseed rape crops (*on-label and SOLA/EAMU)

Source: HSE

13 14 16 16

20 17 13 15

11 12 14 11

05

101520253035404550

1995 2000 2005 2010Year

cleavers

cabbage stem flea beetle

phoma canker

Notes:2005: one herbicide authorised for cleaver control is only available as SOLA/EAMU2010: one herbicide authorised for cleaver control is only available as SOLA/EAMUSee Figure 32 for numbers of active substances used by growers against the target pests.


Figure 32: Total number of active substances (probably) used by growers to control phoma canker, cabbage stem flea beetle and cleavers in winter

oilseed rape crops (on-label and SOLA/EAMU)

Source: HSE

10 11 13 13

14 13 10 12

6 8 11 9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1995 2000 2005 2010Year

cleavers

cabbage stem flea beetle

phoma canker

Notes:For 2005 and 2010: one herbicide authorised for cleaver control is only available as SOLA/EAMU


Part 10: Indicators

10


Indicators

• Member States shall: calculate the harmonised risk indicators using the sales and usage data collected under the statistics regulation; identify trends in the use of certain active substances; identify substances, crops, regions or practices that require attention or are examples of good practice

• Member states shall communicate the results of these evaluations to the Commission


Indicators

• Context Sophisticated and long-standing suite of indicators prepared by Pesticides Forum. Awaiting development of EU HAIR indicators

• Regulatory measures Collection of pesticide usage and sales data. Food residue monitoring programme. Number of human health monitoring surveys (being reviewed)

• Non-regulatory Wildlife Incident monitoring schemes

• Research and development Pest, weed and disease survey reports

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation


Source: Food & Environment Research Agency (FERA) Pesticides Usage Survey N.B. Totals exclude sulphuric acid. * figures include Northern Ireland

Figure 36: Indicator – Pesticide Usage Estimated annual usage for all crops in Great Britain

(tonnes of active substance applied)

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010*2011*

Tonnes of active substance applied


Crop Major pest, disease or weed

Incidence Impact on pesticide use

Notable changes in pesticide use

Winter wheat Septoria Increased use of SDHI fungicides & increased rates.

Winter Wheat Fusarium ear blight & Microdochium ear blight

Increased use of T3 ear wash sprays. Seed treatment expected to increase for 2013.

Winter wheat & barley Aphids = Increased BYDV in 2012 which could result in increased insecticide use in 2013

Winter wheat Black-grass = Increased resistance

Oilseed rape Sclerotinia =

Key Issues and Pesticide Use- Arable Crops Pest, disease, weed incidence in 2011/12

=

Large increase

Small increase

Normal Small decrease

Large decrease

Key:

Source: ADASSee http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/guidance/industries/pesticides/topics/about-pesticides/pest-disease-and-weed-incidence-information

http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/guidance/industries/pesticides/topics/about-pesticides/pest-disease-and-weed-incidence-information


Key Issues and Pesticide Use- Arable Crops II Pest, disease, weed incidence in 2011/12


Incidence Impact on pesticide use


Potato Late blight Number of sprays increased (from 10 per crop) as newer, more aggressive disease strains develop.

Potato Storage diseases

=

Oilseed rape Sclerotinia = Recommendation that MBC, SDHI and strobilurins are not used more than once on their own

Oilseed rape Light leaf Spot =

Maize Eyespot

=

Large increase

Small increase


Large decrease

Key:





Incidence Impact on pesticide

use


Soft Fruit (strawberry)

Slugs High levels in the summer resulted in increased molluscicide use.

Strawberry Redcore Fosetyl-aluminium (Aliette) until stocks ran out then switched to the newly introduced fenamidone + fosetyl-aluminium (fenomenal)

Apple Apple scab More sprays at poor timings due to weather issues.

Carrot All disease = Protectant sprays used therefore application occurs before symptoms

Onion Downy Mildew

Increased use of Unicur and Valbon due to short harvest intervals

Key Issues and Pesticide Use- Horticulture CropsPest, disease, weed incidence in 2011/12

=

Large increase

Small increase


Large decrease

Key:




Figure 37: Indicator - Cropped areas (in hectares) in the UK

Source: Defra UK June Agricultural Survey 2012, Welsh Government

hec

tare

s

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Set-aside

Temporary grass (< 5 years)

Crops for stockfeeding

Other crops not for stockfeeding

Horticulture

Pulses

Potatoes

Sugar beet

Oilseeds

Other cereals

Spring barley

Winter barley

Wheat


Figure 38: Indicator - Pesticide average inputs per crop (kg active substance applied per hectare grown) in the UK

including soil sterilants

Source: Pesticides Usage Survey Surveys are not conducted annually for all crops. The most recent year of data availability is shown against each crop. *Figures relate to GB usage only, other figures are for UK usage

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Herbicides Fungicides Insecticides Growth regulators Molluscicides Soil sterilants

kg

ac

tiv

e s

ub

sta

nc

e a

pp

lie

d p

er

he

cta

re g

row

n


Figure 39: Indicator - Pesticide average inputs per crop (kg active substance applied per hectare grown) in the UK

excluding soil sterilants

Source: Pesticides Usage Survey Surveys are not conducted annually for all crops. The most recent year of data availability is shown against each crop. *Figures relate to GB usage only, other figures are for UK usage

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Herbicides Fungicides Insecticides Growth regulators Molluscicides

kg

ac

tiv

e s

ub

sta

nc

e a

pp

lie

d p

er

he

cta

re g

row

n


Figure 40: Indicator – Pesticide average inputs for oilseed rape (kg active substance applied per hectare grown)

in Great Britain

Source: Pesticides Usage Survey

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Herbicides Fungicides Insecticides Growth regulators Molluscicides Seed treatments

kg

ac

tiv

e s

ub

sta

nc

e a

pp

lie

d p

er

he

cta

re g

row

n


Figure 41: Indicator - Herbicide use on oilseed rape (number of products and total doses of active substances per hectare)


kg a

ctiv

e su

bst

ance

per

hec

tare

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Average total dose (kg a.s.) applied per hectare

Average number of products per hectare

Average dose (full label units) applied per hectare


Figure 42: Indicator - Insecticide use on oilseed rape (number of products and total doses of active substances per

hectare)


kg a

ctiv

e su

bst

ance

per

hec

tare

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Average total dose (kg a.s.) applied per hectare

Average number of products per hectare

Average dose (full label units) applied per hectare


Summary and future plans

10


Summary - usage• Use of pesticides not impacting adversely UK health

or environment– statutory and voluntary controls effective, but– scope to reduce risks further

• Pesticide usage affected by season, product availability, resistance, commodity prices– continued decline in use of active substance– application technology continues to improve precision of

application• Training of pesticide users increasing

– 85% sprayed area are NRoSO members– improvements in Amenity and for garden centre staff


Summary – future plans• Continue to meet challenge of securing food supply• Continue to encourage best practice• Implementation of National Action Plan (NAP)

– Pesticides Forum is principal stakeholder group– Implementation of Sustainable Use Directive (SUD)– Promotion of IPM/Integrated Crop Management (ICM)

• Short-life working groups and expert contributions– specific topics identified by Government or stakeholders– report back to Pesticides Forum

• Indicators– To further align with SUD and NAP


Priorities for 2012/13

• Protecting water– Metaldehyde, oilseed rape herbicides

• Improving standards in non-agricultural sectors– Amenity; home and garden

• Promotion of IPM

Pesticides Forum will work with member organisations and other stakeholders to help further reduce the risk to human health and the environment


Acknowledgements

• Member Organisations of the Pesticides Forum and many others – provide data and analysis used in Indicators

for more information see: original images and graphics

Documents

use of pesticides

ppt slide

new uk national action

food rural affairs defra

annualreports http

years report

environment science

kt monitoring impacts