for more information see: 2014 indicators graphics and data

For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp

2014

Indicators graphics and data as PPT


http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp



Notes• This presentation contains the latest graphics and data on Indicators selected by the

Pesticides Forum to reflect the structure of the UK Pesticides National Action Plan:

– it provides users with all the data and performance information in one easily accessible place.

– some graphs may be updated with more recent data as this becomes available during the year.

• The Pesticides Forum’s Annual Report 2014 is the context for this presentation. It contains:

– case studies and more information about aspects of several indicators covered here.

– a brief account of the Pesticides Forum’s main activities in 2014.

• The Annual Report is published online at this link:

http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/guidance/industries/pesticides/advisory-groups/pesticides-forum/Focus/pesticides-forum-annual-reports





• Pesticides Forum annual report • Impacts and sustainable use• PPT of data available

Pesticides in the UK




To return to this page at any point click on Pesticides Forum logo

• About the National Action Plan• Indicators of Sustainable Use• Summary and future plans• Other links– Protecting Human Health– Availability of Products and Techniques– Protecting Water– Protecting Biodiversity– Best Practice in Amenity Use– Best Practice in Amateur (Home and Garden) Use

Contents



• Objective: to ensure pesticides used sustainably, through promotion of risk reduction

• Priority areas: protection of water; better practice in amateur and amenity sectors, development and adoption of integrated approaches

• Targets include, maintaining current high levels of training and testing of application equipment and meeting objectives of Water Framework Directive

• Measures will include items listed in the National Action Plan

UK National Action Plan (NAP)Objectives, targets, measures and timetables

R&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation



• Training– Improving standards – Operators (R), advisers

• Sales – storekeeper certification• Information and awareness raising

– Consumer and health protection, wildlife protection• Inspection of application equipment

– Sprayer testing (R)- every 3 years from 2020; Annual (Assurance Schemes)• Aerial application – very limited, permitted application only• Protection of aquatic environment and drinking water• Risk in specific areas

– Protected areas, amenity• Handling & storage, packaging

– Sub-group & communication• Integrated Pest Management (IPM) – encourage and support uptake

– Baselines, sectoral needs, IPM Plans• Indicators – Usage data (R), needs

NAP – main headingsR&D

Assurance schemes

Regulation



Indicators of Sustainable Use



Part 1: Training



Source: NRoSO * no data on sprayed area

2000/1

2001/2

2002/3

2003/4

2004/5

2005/6

2006/7

2007/8

2008/9

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

*2012/13

*2013/14

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100Members % sprayed area covered

num

ber

of o

pera

tors

% s

pray

ed a

rea

Figure 1: User practice: National Register of Sprayer Operators (NRoSO)

(number of members & % sprayed area)


https://www.nroso.org.uk/


Source: BASIS Registration Ltd *2012 figure as at 31 Jan 2013

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 * 2013 20140

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

num

ber

of m

embe

rsFigure 2: User Practice:

BASIS Professional Register (number of members)



Part 2: Sales



Source: BASIS Registration Ltd

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

50

100

150

200

250

NSK Amenity NSK

Year

num

ber

of p

asse

sFigure 3: BASIS Nominated Storekeeper (NSK) / Amenity

Storekeeper (Amenity NSK) training courses: number of passes



Source: BASIS Registration Ltd

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

num

ber

of p

asse

sFigure 4: BASIS Guardian Certificate in Garden Care

qualification: number of passes



Part 3: Information

and awareness raising



Source: Data from Pesticide Residues Committee (PRC) and Defra Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues in Food (PRiF) reports

All samples UK samples Other EC (non-UK) samples

Non-EC samples0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

102008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

% s

ampl

es w

ith

resi

dues

abo

ve t

he M

RL

Figure 5: Consumer protection: Maximum Residues Levels compliance

% of fruit and vegetable samples tested and found with one or more residues above the MRL



Source: HSE

2002/03

2003/04

2004/05

2005/06

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Other complaints Alleged ill-health - unconfirmed Confirmed/likely/open

Num

ber

of in

cide

nts

Figure 6: Indicator - Human health protection: PIAP investigations



Source: HSE

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Abuse Misuse Approved use Unspecified use Veterinary compounds

Year

num

ber

of c

ases

Case categories

Figure 7: Pesticide poisoning incidents investigated by the Wildlife Incident Investigation Scheme (WIIS)



Part 4: Inspection of application equipment



Source: NSTS/AEA

Figure 8: User practice: National Sprayer Testing Scheme (NSTS)

(number of sprayer tests and % sprayed area)

2000/1

2001/2

2002/3

2003/4

2004/5

2005/6

2006/7

2007/8

2008/9

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Tests % Sprayed area covered

num

ber

of t

ests

% s

pray

ed a

rea



Figure 9: Membership of crop assurance schemes on holdings sampled in the United Kingdom Pesticide

Usage Surveys (to 2013)

Percentage of holdings with crop assurance0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Arable crops - 2012 (n = 1190)

Outdoor vegetables - 2011 (n = 595)

Outdoor vegetables - 2013 (n = 511) Note 1

Soft fruit - 2012 (n = 309)

Edible protected crops - 2011(n = 237)

Edible protected crops - 2013

Fodder and forage crops - 2009 (n = 688) Note 1

Grassland and fodder - 2013

Orchards - 2012 (n = 266) Notes 2,3

%

Notes:n = number of farms surveyed1 = Surveys of GB only. 2 = England and Wales only.3 = Orchards include apples grown for dessert and cider production. The level of crop assurance is normally higher for dessert apples.



Part 5: Aerial application

Indicator:352 jobs permitted in 2013 205 jobs permitted in 2014



Part 6: Measures to

protect the aquatic environment and

drinking water



• In England: 24% at risk of non-compliance– metaldehyde– MCPA– chlorotoluron– mecoprop-P– carbetamide– propyzamide

Figure 10 (from 2014 report):

Surface water Drinking Water Protected Areas (DrWPAs) in England and Wales where assessments indicate pesticides are putting WFD Article 7 compliance at risk



Figure 11 (from 2013 report)

Surface water Drinking Water Protected Areas (DrWPAs)

in Scotland at risk of failing to meet Article 7 objectives for pesticides in

2013



• 11 failed good status due to pesticides– cypermethrin – diuron (*)– hexachlorocyclohexane (*)– diazinon (*)(*) = no longer authorised for use as plant protection products


Surface water bodies in England and Wales not currently meeting

Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for pesticides

(compliance assessment period 2010-2012)



Source: Northern Ireland Environment Agency

Figure 13 (from 2013 report) Pesticides causing EQS failures from Surface Water Monitoring

in Northern Ireland in 2013



• 16 failed WFD objectives due to pesticides

- bentazone, clopyralid, chlorotoluron, cypermethrin, mecoprop-P, metaldehyde

- atrazine (*), diuron (*), fenuron(*), isoproturon (*), simazine (*)

(*) = no longer authorised for use as plant protection products Source: Environment Agency


Groundwater bodies in England and Wales failing Water Framework

Directive (WFD) objectives due to pesticides



Source: Scottish Environmental Protection Agency


Groundwater sampling locations where one or more pesticides have

been detected at levels which threaten to exceed 0.1 micrograms

per litre



Source: Environment Agency

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Agricultural Non-agricultural

num

ber

of in

cide

nts

Figure 16a. Substantiated category 1 and 2 incidents involving agricultural and non-agricultural pesticides in

England and Wales



Source: Natural Resources Wales

Contains Natural Resources Wales information © Natural Resources Wales and database right

20012002

20032004

20052006

20072008

20092010

20112012

20130

1

2

Agricultural Non-agricultural

num

ber

of in

cide

nts

Figure 16b. Substantiated category 1 and 2 incidents attributed to agricultural and non-agricultural

pesticides (Wales)



Sources: Environment Agency; Natural Resources Wales Contains Natural Resources Wales information © Natural Resources Wales and database right

Engl

and

Wal

es

Engl

and

Wal

es

Engl

and

Wal

es

Engl

and

Wal

es

Engl

and

Wal

es

Engl

and

Wal

es

Engl

and

Wal

es

Engl

and

Wal

es

Engl

and

Wal

es

Engl

and

Wal

es

Engl

and

Wal

es

Engl

and

Wal

es

Engl

and

Wal

es

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

agricultural non agricultural

num

ber

of in

cide

nts

Figure 16c. Substantiated category 1 and 2 incidents involving agricultural and non-agricultural pesticides in England and Wales



Part 7:Reduction of

risk in specific areas



Source: Pesticides Usage Survey – Amenity Pesticides in the UK 2012

10.1%

0.700000000000001%

44.7%

33.0%

1.3% 10.2%

GOLF INDUSTRIALINFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC AUTHORITIESRESIDENTIAL TURF

Figure 18. Relative weight of amenity pesticide applied in major amenity sectors in the UK in 2102

2006 2009 20120

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,0001837

1402

743

50 46 2515 7 5

Herbicides Fungicides Insecticides

tonn

esFigure 17. Tonnes of herbicides, fungicides and insecticides applied in major amenity sectors 2006-2012



Part 8:Handling and storage

of pesticides and treatment of their

packaging and remnants



Source: Environment Agency

2011 2012 2013 20140

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

Figure 19. Number of registered biobeds and biofilters in England & Wales



Note: 2012 information relating to SMR 11 covers more than just pesticides breaches and thus is not

strictly comparable to the previous two years.

Sources: Rural Payments Agency; Scottish Government; Department of Agriculture and Rural Development , Northern Ireland; Rural Inspectorate Wales

Engl

and

2010

Engl

and

2011

Engl

and

2012

Scot

land

201

0Sc

otla

nd 2

011

Scot

land

201

2

Wal

es 2

010

Wal

es 2

011

Wal

es 2

012

N. Ire

land

201

0N. I

rela

nd 2

011

N. Ire

land

201

2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

>15%

>5% - 15%

5%

3%

2%

1%

Warning Letter

num

ber

of b

reac

hes

penalty

Figure 20a. Comparison of number of Cross Compliance (SMR 9 and SMR 11) breaches and breach severity 2010 - 2012



Warning Letter 1% 3% 5% >5% through to 15%

>15%0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland*

Num

ber

pf p

enal

ties

levi

ed fo

r SM

R 9

brea

ches

* In Northern Ireland, five breaches were found in 2013 and appropriate penalties were levied. Further details of the penalties are not currently available.

Sources: Rural Payments Agency; Scottish Government; Department of Agriculture and Rural Development , North-ern Ireland; Rural Inspectorate Wales

Figure 20b. Number of penalties levied for Cross Compliance (SMR 9 only) breaches found during inspection in 2013



Source: Pesticides user habits survey (PS2817)

2007 2010 20130

10

20

30

40

50

60

Adding rinsings to diluted spray solution

Drain

Sink

Toilet

% r

espo

nden

tsFigure 21. Disposal of rinsings from empty amateur

concentrate containers



Source: Pesticides user habits survey (PS2817)

Normal house-

hold bin

House-hold

recycling bin/bag

Landfill - HWRC

Plastic recycling - HWRC

Glass recycling - HWRC

Haz-ardous waste

- HWRC

Haz-ardous waste- col-

lected by LA

Plastic recycling

point

Other Glass recy-cling point

Burn e.g. bonfire

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Ready-to-use products Concentrate products

% o

f res

pond

ents

Figure 22. Disposal of RTU and concentrates with pesticides still in the container



Part 9: Low pesticide input

management including

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)



Source: CRD

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Active substances Products

Figure 23a. Cumulative numbers of active substances and products approved as biopesticides in UK



Source: Fera Pesticide Usage Surveys

Bacillus subtilis QST713

Bacillus thuringiensis

var kurstaki

Garlic extract Beauveria bassiana

ATC74040

Maltodextrin Cydia pomonella granulosis

virus

Coniothyrium minitans

strain CON/M/91-08

(E,E)-8, 10-dodecadien-1-ol

Lecanicillium muscarium (formerly

Verticillium lecanii)

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

Are

a tr

eate

d (h

ecta

res)

Figure 23b. Biopesticides usage* in the UK recorded during Pesticides Usage Surveys in 2013 (where area treated is over 100 hectares)

(*Not all uses are captured in PUS surveys)



Source: Defra Organic Farming Statistics

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

20102011

20122013

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Cereals Other cropsFruit & nuts Vegetables (including potatoes)Herbaceous & ornamentals Temporary pasture

hect

ares

Figure 25. Total of in-conversion and organic land use in UK

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

20102011

20122013

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Cereals Other cropsFruit & nuts Vegetables (including potatoes)Herbaceous & ornamentals Temporary pasture

hect

ares

Figure 24. Area of organic land use in UK


https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/organic-farming-statistics-2013


Source: Defra/RSPB/BTO/JNCC

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

Corn Bunting Grey Partridge Yellowhammer All Species (19)

Inde

x (1

970

= 1)

Figure 26. Populations of selected farmland bird species in the UK



Source: Defra/RSPB/BTO/JNCC

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

Generalist farmland (7) Specialists farmland (12) Farmland birds (19 spp) All (131 spp)

Wood (37 spp) Seabirds (14 spp)

Inde

x (1

970=

1)

Figure 27. Populations of all bird species in the UK



Source: Natural England

Low input cropped margins

Farmland bird food winter food resources

Nectar and flower-rich margins for pollinators

Grass margins and field corners

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000

2013

2011

hectares

Figure 28a. Areas of different agri-environment options used by farmers to provide valuable wildlife food resources and mitigate impacts of crop inputs

on arable farmland - England



Figure 28b. Areas of different agri-environment options used by farmers to provide valuable wildlife food resources and mitigate impacts of crop inputs

on arable farmland - Scotland and Northern Ireland

Scotland (2013)• Grass margins and beetle banks: 1,250 hectares• Wild bird seed mixes and un-harvested crops options: 2,030 hectares• All hedgerow options 3,900 kilometres

Northern Ireland (2013)• Countryside Management Scheme: 295,000 hectares• New Environmentally Sensitive Area Scheme: 91,000 hectares



Part 10:Indicators



Source: Fera Pesticide Usage Survey

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

*20

11*

2012

*20

13*

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

tonn

es o

f acti

ve s

ubst

ance

app

lied

excluding sulphuric acid *includes Northern Ireland data

Figure 29. Estimated annual pesticide usage for all crops in Great Britain/UK



Sources: Defra June Agricultural Survey; Scottish Government; Welsh Government; Department for Agriculture and Rural Development, Northern Ireland

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

Set-aside

Temporary grass (< 5 years)

Crops for stockfeeding

Other crops not for stockfeeding

Horticulture

Pulses

Potatoes

Sugar beet

Oilseeds

Other cereals

Spring barley

Winter barley

Wheat

hect

ares

(ha)

Figure 30. UK cropped areas




*on permanent and under 5 years grassland. The only inputs were insecticide and growth regulators, each less than 0.01kg/ha

Strawberri

es (2012)

Onions (2013)

Dessert

apples (2012)

Ware

Potato

es (2012)

Parsnips (

2013)

Brusse

ls sp

routs

(2013)

Wheat (

2012)

Winte

r barle

y (2012)

Oilseed ra

pe (2012)

Spring barle

y (2012)

Maize

(2013)

Grassl

and (2013)*

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Herbicides Fungicides InsecticidesGrowth regulators Molluscicides Soil sterilants

kg a

ctive

sub

stan

ce a

pplie

d/ha

gro

wn

Figure 31. UK pesticide average inputs per crop (including soil sterilants)




1989 1993 1997 2002 2005 2009 20130.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Herbicides Fungicides InsecticidesGrowth regulators Molluscicides Seed treatments

kg a

ctive

sub

stan

ce a

pplie

d/ha

gro

wn

Figure 32. UK pesticide average inputs for maize




1989 1993 1997 2002 2005 2009 20130.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Average total dose (kg a.s.) applied per hectareAverage number of products per hectareAverage dose (full label units) applied per hectare

Figure 33. UK herbicide use on maize




1989 1993 1997 2002 2005 2009 20130

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16


Figure 34. UK insecticide use on maize




1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20120

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Herbicides Fungicides Insecticides Growth regulators Molluscicides Seed treatments

kg a

ctive

sub

stan

ce a

pplie

d/ha

gro

wn

Figure 35. UK pesticide average inputs for wheat




2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20120

1

2

3

4

5

Average total dose (kg a.s.) applied per hectare Average number of products per hectare

Average dose (full label units) applied per hectare

Figure 36. UK herbicide use on wheat




2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20120

2

4

6

8


Figure 37. UK fungicide use on wheat




2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20120

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6


Figure 38. UK insecticide use on wheat




2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20120.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

Average total dose (kg a.s.) applied per hectare Average number of products per hectareAverage dose (full label units) applied per hectare

Figure 39. UK molluscicide use on wheat




1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

Herbicides Fungicides InsecticidesGrowth regulators Molluscicides Seed treatments

kg a

ctive

sub

stan

ce a

pplie

d pe

r he

ctar

e gr

own

Figure 40. UK pesticide average inputs for oilseed rape



Acknowledgements

• Member Organisations of the Pesticides Forum and many others – provide data and analysis used in Indicators


for more information see: 2014 indicators graphics and data

Documents

performance information

pesticides forum logo

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