REPORT

ON

FOREST RESOURCES OF

LOWER SUBANSIRI DISTRICT OF

ARUNACHAL PRADESH

FORET St.tR~Y OF INDIA EAS1"ERN ZONE

1991

For Official use only

REPORT <)!T TfG FOR'JST RESOURCES

OF LO~iER SL~NS:rRI DIST~rCT OF

ARlJNA.C':iAL P~H.

FOREST SURVEY OF nmJ:A EASTERN ZONE

SEPretffiER, 1 991

PREFAC::D

Thi.s report re1ates to :Corest inventory of' Lower

Subansirl District in JLrunacba1 Pradesh. The :fie1d work '. was carried out f'rOl;', Nove!:lber, 1 92.5 to l'2arch, "1986 ..

~corded forest area .i.!io 15697 Sq.km. i.e. 51'.43iS of' the

gaobraphlca~ area l/(hi.ch is 13010 Sq. klIl.

Tbree distinct strata Were recognised in the district

based on the altltud±nal variation witb chaDbcs in vegetation

and data was processed stratum-wise.

TotaJ. growinc stock in the distrlc t 18 95.59 million m'J

and the estimated ann~al avai1ability of' timber is calcu1ated

at 1.018 ci11ion u? Tbe f"orest contai.n 196.404 nun'ber of

stems/ha. with a correspond.:lng vo1UI!19 of' 1.54.795 c'J /hail

Total growine s~ock of bacboo is 2.73 mil1iqn tonne

(A.D.) and the estimated annual avai1ability is 0.34 mil1ion tonne (L.D.}

The report ha~ been prepared by the staff of Forest

Su~ey 0'[: India, ~ast9r.n Zone and they doserve appreciati.on

f"or the ",lork.

Sd/-(Jagir Si.ngb} D:lrector

C () H 1:' E }r T S

I:otroC'.uc tior. Feed of' the ourvey Situ~tion and bo~~ary Area st<::ternent AdDinistrative o~t up Factors or loca~ty Cl:lmate Rain:f'a11 Tempe ra ture R~l.a.tive h"X1idi ty Altitude Ri.ver sys teC1 Peoplo e.nd their socia-economic condj.tion L.nnd use Geology, rock and 50i1 ~~neral rosources Forest Legal status of t~a forests Ri.Ghts e.nd priYi1ege~:; H:C'nC!.geme~ t prac ticEi

9!6;PTER-II - 'IJIESI(2! AnD I-lETIJODCLOGY:

Obje c ti ve IJ

r.J'<J.ps and toposheets Photo-interpretation a~d map?in& Inventor/ desicn Laying out o~ p10t Distribution of plots Methodo1ogy

CWLPTER-III - DA.TA JdlkLYSIS:

~neral. Etmual processing Procesing in cOTaputer kreo. of' :f'orest reoources esti!::lation Tree density stu~y Stratum-I, U?to '9CO rn a1titude Stratum~II. 900-1000 m. altitude Stratum-III, above 1800 !!l'. tl ti tude Vo1~ e1untions G0nera1 volune equations Local volume equction Stock tables '. V(l1une stUo.ieD - Stra tlID.";'I Vo1ume atUdiet:i ..:. S tra tum..;,rI ~o1ume studies - Straturn-II~ Error ca~culation Bamboo area Estioation of bamboo Drunboo weight Ana1aYB~s of p~ot data Distribution of fores~ area by land usc Distribution o~ forest area by topography Di~tribution of forest area by aspeot D~stribution of forest aroa by rockinesv

?ara lTo. :?age No.

1 .1 1 1 .2- 1 1 .3 1 1 .4 2 1 • .5 2 1 .6 2 1.7 2 1.".7.1 .3 1 "!7.2 4 1 • 7.3 4 1 • 7.4 5 1 .8 5 1 .9 5 1 .10 7 1 .11 7 1.12 8 1 .1 J 8 1 .14 9 1 .1.5 9 -; .16 9

2.1 10 2.2 10 2.) 11 2.4 "1 1 2.4.1 12 2.4.2 12-2.5 12

.3 .1 14 J.2 14 J.3 14 3.4. 14 3''!5 15 3.6 15 ':h7 16 3.8 17 J.9 17 J.10 18 3,!11 18 3,!12 19 3.1 3 19 :3 ~ 14 20 J.1.5 21 ,.16 .23 3.17 23 J.18 2) ) ~19 24 3.20 26 J.20.~ 1 26 J .20',2 27 3.20 ... 3 27 .3.20' .. 4 27

( i.i )

Di.stribution of' fores t area by humus Di stributi.on of :fo:::.-e f:l t area by 50:1..1 col.or Distr1bu~~on o? ~orest area by 50i1 cons:istency. Dis~ribution o~ forest 'xea by soi~ texture. Distribution of ~crest exea by 50i1 depth Distribution or ~orast area by soi1 erosion Distribution 01 for~~t ~a by crigin of st"and Distr:Lbution of" i"or€st a.rea by top height c1asses'. ~iDtribution o~ forest area by size class Diotribution of forest area by regeneration Distribution of forest area by inj~es to crop. DiBt~i.bution of" forest area by fire :l.ncidence .. Dis tribut:lon a£' f"oretlt aroa by grazi.ng incidence'. Distribution o£ ~o~~t area by p1antat~on Distribution of" forest area by deg~adation status.

CHAPTER-IV' GRmrItrG STOCK AND YIElD:

Estimation of total crowing stock To ta1 vo1Ul!1e Si1vicu1tura1 system Rotati.on, exp10i tab1.e gi.rth and f'el.ling eye les. Annual yi.eld j"nnual. y.:f.e1.d. of' bamoo CHAPTEIl-V - Sm~i 1::..Irr ,AIm COH~LDSIONS:

Summary Conc~usioll

-BIBLIOGRA?!IT

Tab1e No'.

1 .1

LIST OF TAIJLES

?articul.er:J

l'fumber of stems/ha' .. by s~cies and diameter ciaases (in em'.)

..;.co":' -do-

Total. stsClS ( 1000 no.) by speci.e s and diameter c1asses (in em.)

":'do":' ....(jo-

'iTo1ume/l:H~:. by B~cie s c::l.o.sGes (in CWl.)

.:eo':' -do-

and diameter

Para-No.

3.20.5 3 • .20.6 J.20.7

3.20.9 3.20~1 0 3.:W.l1

J.20'!'12

3.2C.13 ,.20.14 3.20~15

J.20.17

J.20~18 3.20.19

4~5 4.6

Pa.g;e J-fo.

28 20 29

29

30 30 ~C

)1

.)1

.:32 32

:n :JJ 34 34

39 40 41

stratum ?a;e No.

I 42

II 46 III 51

I 53

II III

:t

II "III:

58 63 65

70 75

•

Tnb~e Ho.

l! .1

5.1

6.1

1 •

6.

8.

( iii )

Particule.rs

Tota~ vo1ut:":!C3 {t 000 mJ) by s::)6cie s ~'nc! Gi~~cte~ c~a~ges (in C~. )

~~otribation of bamboo cul~s/ha. by 8:';1("C:I.O::;, e.c~ ('~z_cs ~nd soundness f'or tl:-;:; cistrict. D~etr.£~ut10n of tot~2 bamboo cuIrus (i.::. 18.~':hs) ':Jy sp~~ios, 2o.ge c~ass and oO"-'l"'.ciness f".Jr the district.

vis tr.:!..butioy:. of" "bamboo weight (in tonne) ~r £GctQrc by species, age class and oouneness lor tLC district.

Distribut~on of tota1 bamboo weicht by s~cieo, ~ge c1asa and soundness for t:-:l0 distric t. 702uoo tabl.o

::IST OF IU>.PS AND Dl:AG·AAMS

stratuz::a Pa~o

I 77

IT 81 :r:Il: 86

88

89

90

92

Nap t)i' Indi.a J showing pro ject areo. in Lover Sub ansi r:i distr~ct in Aruna~hal Pradesh. l'~ap of' .Lovar Subansi.rl district showing grids and stratum.

a) Forested area with respoct to gcogTaphica1 area i.n Lower Su:')ansir1 district.

}j'o~

b) Forested area by stratum. in Lowor Subansiri distri.ct.

Humber o~ st~cs/ha. by diameter cl.ass and stratum in Lower 3ubansiri di~trict.

Tota1 stem by diamet~r cla~G and stratum in Lower Subonsiri district.

vo~une(I!!..3)/ha. by diaucter c~asc and stratum in Lower Sub2...."'1si.ri district'.

~otal volume by dia~tcr c~ass and stratum in L~er Subansiri district.

Forest Survey of l:ndia t Inventory Design.

***"~***********

C I~ J. P r;: ~ R - I

1 • 1. .;:I;.;:.n;;.;t:.;r;;...;;.o.;;;;d:.;:u:.;c .... ~ :

T!:.e [.;-abansiri district in 191hJ W'l.S a ~art o:f the

ac.!~::.inistrc::..t:::"ve u.""1i.t ca::'_1ed ~r~zter:J Section 1r'.der Forth 3w.st

Frontier tract. In -; 919, l'Jort::t :;Sa-at Front.:ier tract wru;;

ron~~cl ac the ~~1ipara Frontier Tract. T~e ~~1ipara Frontier

Tr~ct, in 191~6, \-las agaan divid<;l d f·or administrative convenience

into Se La .sub-acrcncy 2.nd ST.Jbansiri area an(~ in 1 954 the tract

vas bifuJlCE.ted i.-nf;o two udsclimat-rative units known as the

Suba.."1Siri. ffrontier Di.vision and tlJe I\~eng Frontier Divi.sio!l.

In 1965 ~ the Subans.iri Frontier Division Calae to be lclO~.rIll as

the Subansiri D:istrict r vhich originates its nal!le from river

Subansiri cte1.:l:neating t~e bow;d.o..ry beto;een the districts of'

8iang and -Subaru>iri of' l~ru.nacbal Pradesh at sooe :length.

J.Gain under' the p:t'Ovi.£lionc of' the Arunachn1 Forest

Let, 19GO, (Act ITo.) of' 1980) as notified in the extraordinary

issue at' the Arunaclm.l Pradesh Gaze tte dated rl.iay 1:J to 1900,

t1:e Suhansiri. d::strict of' A:run2.c:hnl Pradesb has been divided

into two ne'" cist:'""icts, :!lru.1e~y, :"ower Subansiri. Disi;rict

a:1.d "Jp~)9r Sub8nE:iri Dj_~ tric t.. :'he present repo:':'"t pertains to

forest resourceG G~Jey of Lower Subansi~ district~

1 .. 2. Heed o!' the survey ~ , 'i'ho :fore s t i!lVen tory wa s . D tarte d f'rom 1 Ctb. IJoveobe r

1935 and it continued up to 14-3-1986 as desired ~y the 8hiof

Conservator O~ Forests, Aruna cha1 Pradesh with a vi~v to

esti~ate tho tota1 groying ztock of the area. The inventory

work, however, cou1d not cont~nue smooth1y due to SO~ 1oca1

disturb~~ce and therefore t~o entire district particularly

at the bigher altitudo and some part of' interior ~orest area

cou~d not be cove- rod.

1.3. Sitaatio~ and bo~dary:

~he project area is zituated with~n the ~~titudec

26° 5.5 I Horth and 230

7.0 t NOrth :::md "the longi tud~s 92° 40 1 aT"".d

94° 20' Ea~t ~d :is bou...""1dod on tho north by Upper Sub~.nsi:ri district of Arunachal Pradesh and part1y by Tibet(China ); on

the e&.st by LaldrlL1J)U.:-' d:iGtrict of ASGam and -lest Siang district

(sC1all. part' oI Arunacha~ Pradesh; OI'. the south by tho Darr~

~~strict of h8sam·an~ on the wect by the Ka~ng distT~ct of

A::runachal Prnd()sh.

;.; :

1 .4. 1. reu I:] to.tcf:len t :

'7'110 total 3~ogra~::'.!:;'rlcRl m:'e2. o:t "the district is ~ 3010 k:r:J2

(Bource: -=::cnsus 01' I!".dia I 9.'}1, Serios 25). The fore 51; are Co

by 1ega1 Ct2.tU-S ( :' I,0\/3::1:' Suca~e;iri D:~strict is :furnished

belo7tf :-

: ~'..> J·33e~e :o'orests

(b; . !~_lt"~J_j.:(\:; S::?nch.l;?.ry I \

\0, ~ncl~sed 0tatG forests

~ota1:

(Source: State Forest Department)

1 .5. !?~ictr~~ive set U~!

-: 494 .57 kJJ.12

1ho • .30 "

5062.13 II

();97 .. 00 11

'"I'he L(yJer Suba.!lsiri district "\'li t!:::o: :I. ts headquarters at

Ziro conpr~ses three sub-divisions:

(L! Ziro (Saciar)

(:ii) 3agaJ.ee

(~ii) Ko1ariang.

"1 .6. Factor~ of" ~oca1i ty:

1 .7. Slimate ~

Since the area is bounded with b!11~ and va11eYG of

varying elevat~on, tho c1imatic condition of the project

aren in not ~~£~no through out the )~ar. ~he effect of

heavy rain :fc:::.l1 Q:r.;.,:~ the htl..'::lid weath-er is re fleeted in h.t7.urien"t

Browth of' tne :forests through out the b;.ll.D and va~~eys of the

area. The ~oothill rogion is cov0red by dense forestS. The

rainfa~1 ].3 Gxtro:ne1y hC2VY i!l this region, part:icular1y in

Ki:nin ('.ne Do L.-:!"uk;~ <:.erea s •

The winter prevailn froa December to February. Pre­

monsoon season is up to tb.e r.:lonth at: I-:iay. Ilonsoon starts i.n

June ~~ continues up to ~iddle or October. The foot hill

region iD conoidBrab1y hot during th~ oummer season and a1so

sultry ~ue to ::.i.!1"h l,Wilidi ty. I:c. the hi6her elevation.~ the

clir:.ate is pleasant. The rainfaLl :is considor:-tbly ;:oc.or-.-:.te

in this region.

: J 1 .7.1. ;:t~.inf'.al.~:

Rainfall is nG~vy in ~2e volleys and sout~ern part of

tile i.:ictric t. V(;, ~')r0SSl.0n or strong :: \()nsoon clll"rent froo' tb_e

~~y of 3eng~1 i~ co~eti~s noticed c~~ir~ monsoon period.

t.r.nual. rni:ni'nl.l 0:(' ci ffe rGnt centres in Lowor

170o. - - - - - - - - ~ - - - ~ - ~ ~

1 • Ziro 2001 .60 H.h.. ]:,J • .A.

2. KiJ:1in )600 .. 20 3209.00 2540.00

3. Raga 82:]. • 8l~ 62 5.9° 652'.39 l~ • DoiLruY,.h iT .J.. • 2600.60 1J.1:.. •

.'5 •. Ta.li 131 7.5° 2715 .l~O 1 92B .60

- - - - ... - - - - - - - -_

- - -r·~onthl.y rainfa~l .9tati~ticG at t;'IO places t where the

rainfal.l is too high{Zir..in~ and too 1ov(~~aga) is appended

below'~or t~e year 1982:-

- - -' - ... - -l'·jonth -_

~amn

-

- ... - ........ - - - _' - - ... ---------~--,..-Janu-ary

Fe!J :r-~ary

April

Nay

Jnne

July

August

September

Octo'bor

November

lle C 9nbe r

Tote.1 :

20.00

l;·2.30

5~,;1 0

232.00

2l.~1J .20

501 .30

720.70

6J~.10

25.30

24.00

22.00

2::.00

25ho.or:::

"1 .. 80

158.39

53.50

9 0 • 0 q 31 .. 00

83.00

99.00

25.00

46.00

50.00

5 • .50

(SQurce: St~tistical SanQ aoak of LOWe~ Subnnsir~

District, Arunn£~a1 Pradesh. 1983)

-

1 .7.:2. "T'et:1!)e ra tu.rc ;

r:o!!t::ly nver::\ge ten;?er2.ture varies 1III'i th al ti tude

and slope. As can b~ e~~ected, to~rature decreases

>Ii th the incrcas:3 ir.. e.l ti tude.. The. lazimur.:t temperature is

reC01~CL Quri~~ July ~nd A~cust z~d minima~ during December

2"::_~ Jnn.Lu::.ry. 3i ti.r.'l,7 cole. is experienced at :;,llaces in the

'Winter r .. ~onths. ii-or; appear:; f're.Jueatly, particulnr1y in the

valleys in ~he po~t monsoon a~Q cold seasons.

'I'na teu:!;)el"nture data at Ziro of' Lower Subansiri

district is give~ below:-

t~onth

,January

February

l1arch

J..pri1

r-1ay

June

July

l:l1gus t

Septe:::iber

October

r'rovembcr

Decenbor

1~a.:xin:n.lD.

- - -15.6

13.7 1G.8

2'1 .3

21 .5

25.(:j

2,5.8

%3.1

21.:.6

21 .ll

9 .l~

6'. :J

------- ..... -

Zi.ro ~in centi~rade ) , 222 : ' 97t; . r.:initm.l!:l r"'~ (:!...~imurn. ~ini'-1Urn

- - - - - -2 • .2 1) .0 5.0

J .1 ~4.0 k.O

5.3 20.0 ).0

0.7 2.5.0 '].7 -: 4 .I-l- 26.0 6.4

18.4 2"1.0 12.5

16.6 27.0 14.J

~ 7.4 26.0 10.0

12.9 25.0 9.70

J .. 3 25.0 8.70

2.) 25.0 6.50

2.2 21 .0 5.00

~---- .... .--- ...... -----(Source-: 3te..tis ticnl.. Hand. :Jooks of Anmachal .Pradezh.

~ 97'3-74 f~ 1975-76).

1 .7. '3. Ro lati-J'e b.lmidi t.z:

- - -

The relative h~'1d~ty for tho year 1974 is given in

t~le f'ollowing table 'mClnt11-wisG : rCo::.,th Re~ative hUr.lidi tY~1>J

J3.nUQry February I1creh J..p:ril llc.y June July Lugust Septcnber October I,J'ovember Deccruber

(Sau:::ce :

54 .. 00 1.12.00 GJ.C0 75.00 64.00 65.00 55.0D 67 .. 00 02. ':)0

B3.00 75.0C 803.00

Rcgio::m1 I~et9roloeic8.1 Centre, Al.ipore, ca1.cutt:l.)

- -

5 :

:::::n the ~reGent i:rJcntor'y, t:hree ~lti'.:;udina1-st:rate.. 1:8':"'8 b~c!1.

iden.ti:fj_od nar:tely c:p -t.::> 9C'0 1':., bcvJeen 900-1 QOO tr'I...e. and 1 GOO D.

c.nd ~bO'",Te. Ll ti tud.) of' .sOMO 01' tho 8ele~ted placeG in Lo't'er

Subansi~~ Dist:ict is q.ivG~ bc~ow:-

:?1.~ces --Z,iro

B~,,:pol.i

?o.1in

ITyapin

leo lOriD.:lg

SDrli

Raga

Sagaleo

Lltitude(in mctere)

"'1572

1564 1220

1000

1 ,)00

1320

1000

1240

1000

1079

(Source: Statistical Rand Book of Lower Subansir1 District, A~ac~nl ?radesh, 1903)

".3. ' River systCi..'l:

?:tJe Dc-in rive rG are r Ker:t1a, Khru. Pamor, Par, Dikrang

and c. sm2l! part of St.!bar.si.ri river. 'l'l"!e Y.am2. I:leets the

Lffiler Subansiri nt a point 26 km. east of Raga, a little far

fl"o~ the borner of' Ass~. The !,:ar._la rive r plays an ir::rportnnt

role in the drain2ge sy3tCD. It woets the main tributary, the

The ri.vcr takes rise f'ro r.J the !lieh mountain:> in

the WGDte!:"':'l p~rt 01" the .iistrict. It meets Xa.cl;:: and. :final1y

wi t~~ t~Jc SubanGiri rivers. ri':c.e 7~nior river rises from a h:f.g_"'1.

mour~t2.in c~,11ed ~llioren Put'.J. ly:lng to tbo north-west of" Sag-alee

in ~ae southe~ part o~ tho district. The river Par originates

trom the Sonkeng Gelroh rarlGe 1ying ab out 40 kn. away :from

Sagn1ee. Tl'!e Dikrnng river alGo origi.nates in the southern

pnrt e.nd merges wi tl":, Bra'hIne.putra in the Lakhimpur distri.ct

o:f AS9ar.:!.

1.9. ?eoplc 2Ul.li tileir soc:i.o~conomic condition:

Tho origi.nal L"'lb.abi tants of' the ~ea are tje lTisr..is,

rL'C:.cins, kpa, T~n:ls t Hill Hi;riD, C-a.l.lo:ne;s and. Sulungs. :'bey

are i:!.1.1 tribos. As per 1971 Census, t!-:c tot~l populatio.r!. of' the

cistrict waf:) 11 ~650 nu.::tbers, out of' which 03191 (70 .29~f,) are

Sc1'1cdule<! tribe and Scheduled caste population. The

70tal

Rura1

Urban

: 6 :

followinG tebl~ shov~ the distribution of popuLation by

Rc:.r~l <=..nd Urban area3:-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -70tal popu12:tion ,'Jc~""ed uloe: Caste 0chedul.ec. tribe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Tot~l 11265~ 586 [)7605

Rural 98534 134 ti4v.97 Urbnn 1.4116 .452 3100

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -j:;.gric-:.lI t1ll"O i ri tbB main occu~ tion 0:::' t!lc tribes

residing hero. Like ot~er bill tribes, they also practice

tho age old pri~itive method o~ cultivation, th~t is, ~he

-

-

, Jburn CuI tivntion '. t·1aize, T'ice, fine-or nil-let and f'oxtail

rnil.let nre the cot!Jrnon and major crops grown in the district.

Othe!' cropB arc wheut, potato, r::ru.stard, pulses, vegetables etc.

TJ'.le :foJ.lowing tabl.e i.11ustra tao C:i ~~ri.bution of' work.'brs in

agricu1 tu:r-e ar..d ot..1-J.er trudes 1-

Total: - ~- - cuT tr va t;)" rs -ACrIcul.turaI HoiisCnOl.d - - - - - -l~o.in ~lorlrora (1 )

i"~l_ - - - -59485 43908

52961 4'3797

6524 111

- .. - - - - - - - ~

- - --

2642

60

labourers (2 ) induS trios (.3 )

- -- - -- - - - - -- - - -610

591

19

~-----

183

137

l!-6

50523

42991

7532

--

_ ......... _ .......... _IiIIIr ___ ... ____ ..... ~

(Source: CenSU3 o~ Ind~n, 1981, Ser~es 25. Part II A and Part­II B, hrunacha1 Pradesh)

Th~ ~neru1 economic conditions of tho peopLe c~ the

district is ~ar rro~ sntis~ctory. The billy terrain, laek o~

communicnt~on and other retardinG factors stand in tr~ w~y ~or

. tIle prospect of induDtri::liisatiO!l thc.t coul.d upli:f't ·t:10 economi.o

conditionD o~ t~e poop1e. ~he people have, however, deve10ped

various cottage industries with the help of' available

;resouxcos in order to ClOet tbei.r b 2.&IIic needS. '?:'heir arts ruld

crafts are ~ain1y associated with weaving, blccksmithy and cana

anc! ba.mb 00 works.

Literacy rates in t!Je district is 1 9.52~). (Source:

Demographic profile, Census ·o~ India, 19G1, Seri~s 25.

~runachcl Prcaooh, Part-~I - S~cial) out o~ which ma1e

1itcr~cy rnte is ?7.941 whi1e ~cnn1c literncy r~te is only

10.011. ~hc fol1owinc table i n~icates t~e 1iter?-cy percent~e

among S. c. 02.nu <:' 'T' v ..... populati.on:

1 .10.

1 .11 •

Itco

?er.sons

; ;2.10

: 7 :

Literacy ~rce~t~~~ _~O!?;~ __ oIIS.!;,.C_~ _ -... _ ~ _

- ~ - ~ - ~ - - - ~

~4terucy ~rcentnge £~n~ ~.i. _ ___ _ 1c.44 16.)0

1; .. 65

':'~"le najor tl:;_c.lects 8pokcn by t:'le people 'of' the

Subansi~:,i dish .... ict are Hishi., Tat;in, Apn, Tani, Hill.'IHri.

Q11.C GC'_llong. The tribal dialects mo.y ~oaCl time£: vary :?r':lm

vil1~ge to vil~cge or £rOE one ~rea to the other. The

other Indi~n l.arlguagcs spoken in the diotrict are mainly

Assamese, Bengali and }lind~t but the use o~ these l~nguagGs

is con.:fir>..ed to the Goverm..ient employees and the peop1e

enffaged in traee nnd co~e~ce and public works.

A variety o~ coro~onies and fe3t~va1s are ce1ebrnted

by the people on c.ifTerent occeasions.. Some of' them c:-.re

obse~red by individuals ~r fruoilies p-nd 30~ other by the

c or.1rnuni ty as a whole. The c or;:nuni ty feG ti v['.1.s are l:iJ(JS tl.y

connected 'With c.gri cu~ture~ acti.vities. Each tri,!:>e has its

own festival£ through which tbeir tradition and culture,

reliGious be~iofs end ~Oithsf hopes and aspirations, the~r

joy.J ;:me exubergnce of' life find an il1wninating and

colou~ful ex~ess~on.

L~u.i.C u::;e:

Fro!:J.. t;c_3 uti,J.i.sation poi.nt ~f' view, tbe entire l.and

mas:G of tl~e 1"::-0 jac t <2r<-Hl oan b~ c lassif'iod in tuo B'roups,

viz., ~or9ct L~.d ~~cl non-~orest la~d. ApGrt ~~m the

Reserve :f'ore::Jt c <,-!!c". '.T:tld 1i1'e 3~nctuc.ry, Vc.st are:'J.G of' t~e

project ~rca ic under forest cover which is classi£i~d aD

Unclassed 5t~te Pore st.

':':'Le e;r..tent 0:':" nO::l-1'orezt area is 4[1'.52:' of" Geographical

nre~ ~~d co~prises of urb~n ~e~, vilIage ~re~, agricultur~l

l.nnd, b2.rren 1roJ.d ;;:tnC'_ pasture 1~d etc'.

GeOlogy, rock a:=1d 80;;_1:

Tee, '::::iro va1.iey contains grey- c1nys, sands and thin

peat bedS bclQntin~ to tne Pleist~cene age. Tbe C~ndWana rocks

consistin._"",: of' caroonaceourJ to phY~l.i tic sha~es beqrlng

percian ~~rin~ fo~cils have aeo~ recorded from Puri~era stream,

a tributary of' the Rancr2. river about 33 kn. on the 'I-:iilli.n-Ziro

rone.. S2.:r.dsto::1cS ui ttl. intGrc:a 1atiouc of' greemsh to brownish

cl2.YS occur ir. t!"e Re.nga valley a.ne: Doimukh area. ,Staurolite

garnetiferous GChists with grey to wbitish quartz - muscovite

schJ.sts are seen in the Ran[5a vall.ey.

: 3

1 .1:2 • l(ineral. resources:

'::'ne di~trict 13 rich i:L n:incral resources. Geo1ogicn~

inveDtiG~tiona revenled some major econanic ~inern1s in t~e

dict'J'iot. ='tl:,Jor"':::mt oinern1.s in the area are t~r8G~opyri.te.,

30ryl, c~ay. Coc.1, cob~l.t, Nickel., Co;>pe:l' ore, rl!:agnetite.

Lend Zi.n.c etc.

In t~e Ziro v811ey, 3 O.J m tbick peaty outcrop exists

in n 1 ao I:l lor'''''::; 2'..reQ. close to SaTO vil.lage ~lon...~ tho right be.nk

of' tr:c l":ele river.

Cccurr~nce o~ only a ~ev lenses of crushed, semi­

anthr~~itic conl. within c~rbonaceous sl.ates in Dikrang and

nanga vnlleyo ha~ beon reported S~ fnr.

Occurrence of crystals o~ white beryl. in seal.1 pegrn~tite

veins in the gnr.i~sc5 ne~r Yrrchu1i about 69 km. on the Kimin­

Ziro. road haD been raparted.

E;!dstencQ of' ::;ulpI-..ide mine rnl.s in the Qanje N8.].a, one

of tbe steep ~ght b~nk tr~but~ries of the Rnnge river ~out

40 km. f'ror.J. Kioin was noticed'.

Copper. ore and l-[agncti. te occur i.n Ran~~ v~11ey necr- the

?otin V'illa.ge ct 40 10:(. 0::'1 tbe lamin-2aro Road.

1.13_ Forest:

TDe vegote~ior. 3as en Gltitud~ncl dis~ribut~on and may

be c,Toaclly clcss:"f:ie0. into tl;:ree main types:-

(i; Tropical evergree~ forest(Up to 900 n.):

~he top atorey 1G fo~d by D~pterocarpus macrocaxpus

(~~ollong), 1'-:t'1..o.,£_8.rl,Jut'j c::':"o..p~o.sbaJ 'i.'ermio:a1ia myriocn.rpa.(Ho~lock),

'I'e tr<:..rno~e£ !'ludi.flora, A.1 tingiu exce1saj La.gerstroer.rln 5uec±os8,

::Jiochofir. j~vanico:; DysQxylw::1 grocertlEl, Castanopsio indica,

calli'carp!; arb oren , Duabanca sormeretioides. Pt.erosperrnurn

acerifoliw~J ShoreD. ~ssamica. ~~e n~xt storey is repre5ented

'by Hesuo. :ferree, Phoebe goc.1parensis,. Hichel.ia dol.tsopa,

.3::y...._hl:ni a purpuroo..

(ii) Sub-tropical forests(QOO-1800 c.}:

Tbesc £oraDts are ch~racter±jed ~y 3chima w~11icb±i,

A1nus nepn1onGis, Cnl1ic~rpa nrborea, Castanops~s indicu,

Kydic cal.-;'''cinn, !1.2.gnolia pteroc~1.2:par PrWlUs nepa1ensi.s'.

: 9

iii) Te~reratc fo~e8ts and Alpine vcgetction(~bove 1800 m}:

The important tree D';lecies are of" {uercus, Castanopsis,

Acer, Ko'lgnol,ia, L:iChe1i.:=!., ?.rtmus and .!Th.ododendron. In l"£ny

pnrts ~ue~ is greg::lrlou:9. ':'~e conif'ers E'..re represented

by ~ ro;~burghi1.f Pi::us wa~J_ic:lia..."1.nt Abies spectilbilis,

CupreoGus toru~osa c.n.d TSugu du~osn.

1.1J,.'. Loga~ status of" ths i'ore.c;ts:

Legal st£:. tus vi.se :forest arec. of' Lower Subc....:..siri

district nrc div~decl into the ~o11oYin& three main groupo:

{i} Reserve forests

(i.i) 'Jildlif'e Sanctuary

(i~i~ Unclessed State Forests.

UnclasDed forests means arees wh:lch nre not o1.a.ss:U"ied

ns reserved or prote~ted l"ore 5tS 'but whi.cb are Government

forest 18.005. The ~en 0:[' eac!2 cnt')gory of' :forests i.s furn­

ished in para 1.k under I Area Ste.tcment t".

1 .1.5'. RiS!1ts nnd Privilege!):

The 10c::.1 poo~la of Arunachal Pradesh is provided

Jeo cf't. 01' timber free of' royal.ty by tbe Forest Depart[!1ent

for their bonafide use nnd not rOT bar~9r or sa1e. They

also enjoy t~e custonnry rights of hunting and fis~ng in

the :forest croe. and. co1:!.ection of firewood nne other 'forest

produce' f'oc.~ their bonaf'ide use. Hovever; with' the

enactment of t1::.e :Tilctlife Protection .Act, 1972, some

restrictions o~ their privileges o~ fiShing and buntine

Were irn-posed (Source: A:ru1'!o..chal. Administrative Report.

Forest Depnrti!le:r..t, .Arunachal Prndesh).

1 .16· ... HanageIJent wuc-t:f.ce:

No up-tp-<:l~te ~lorki.nc Plan has yo t been prepared f"or

Dost o~ the forest divisionS. The procedure laid down in tha

Asoam Forest is ~ol1owed for regu1~t1on of various operntion

in 3anderdewa Forest Division and Hapo1i Forest Divioion

(Source: Adrninistrat.i.ve Rer,>ort :for the ~o.r 1 JD7-38 ). At

present, the-~orests are worked under ~election system v~t~

regoJIIEJration. Silviculturn~~y ~vnileb:Le trees in

U.S.~. area ::lre marked and disposed off u-~der penni.t system

on realis~tio~ of royalty ancl money fee as adrniss~b~e.

10

CHA PT7i':R-II.

D;:;:SIGl·J A:~'ID l~T?OD()LOGY

2.1. Objective:

~ile ':,)r:it'12.r-y ob joe ti1.Te of t:he ;l.:nventory oc t t'orth

in ccnsu1tation Wit2 the Fore3t Departs8nt of AnLJ~chal

Praeeah is

(i) to arrive at ~ rcl~a~le eoti~nto o£ t~e totn1

grow~n~ stock in the d~str~ct

(i~) to find out the cornpo3ition ~d distribution

of species by ciameter class anc vo1urne

the reo f".

2.2. 1.:aps nn;! toposhee1:o:

Tho rn~ps of ~ndia £bowing·tha Lavere Sub~siri

district :l.s shown in sC2.1e 1 : 15,00,000. The :f'orest uren

most~y on 1 : 5~/000 sc~lo topographic ~~p sbaete or Survey Of' India Wero uSee f'or t~e forest invontory works.

~he~ are J6 toposheets covering the ent~re district out of

which 7 toposbeets coverine mostly the sndW belt are~

were not ~o.ilttb]_0. '!'he list is fur::cish~d belo\i:-

Sl.Ho ..

1

2

3 4

5 6

7 o 9 10

11

12

1)

14 -:5

16

17

18

19

ToEosheet

22 D/12

£:2 ~/15

82 :.:;/16

82 HI)

82 H/4 82 H/7 82. p./r,

32 B/11

32 H/l2

02 H/15

32 H/16

03 A/9

OJ A/1:3

8:l ~!1

8) 13/2

3) F/3

GJ E/4 n ~, u.) -Z/5

OJ E/6

~~o • .kvaila.b i li ~ Scale

rT • f~ •

N.A.

N.A. -n.A. IT.A. .Avai1Clble 1 : .50,000

/.,.y a:i 1ab 1e 1 : 50,000

N.A. Avai.1able 1 : 50,000

Ava:i1~b~e 1 : 50,000

/:..vnil.ab1e 1 : 50 ,000

Il.A. Avai1nble 1 : 50,000

AvaiHlbIe 1 : 50;000

Av~il~ble 1 : 50;000

Availa.ble 1 : 50,000

P_ -r a.i .l,ab Ie 1 : 5 0 ;000

Avai1c.ble ~ . I • 50 ,000

J_v~ilnbl0 1 : .50,000

: 11

Sl.Uo. ';0":lOo:X.let ~ 10. hvai1.2.bili t,I: SC0-1e

20 ~:J ;::'/7 t..v(::!.~ab.1e. 1 : 50,000

21 8) """In ~ ~ L'r J_vQiJ~f!.ble- 1 : .50IJ OOO

22 53 -:;/9 AV2.i1ab1e .. . , . 50,COO

2J i13 s/~ C: J.. v;:l,i lLlb 1e 1 : 50 ,000

:24 <"" u..) 5/i'1 J,. vc.i 1.c.~ 1.e '} : 50.000

25 GJ ~:::/12 h.-va.:!.' a7:> ~e 1 : 50;000

26 uJ :;;/1 :3 .t..v~ilab1e 1 : 50 1J0OO

27 CJ 7:"'/1l' ,J ~ j vn.ilal)!e .. . . . 50.000

20 ,,~

(.; _' ::;::/1.5 l..vr-.il:::tb1e 1 : 50;000

29 8-, ~/16 Ave.il.ab1e 1 : 5 0 ,000

30. 83 F/s ],.V2.il.nb1e 1" = 1- mi].e

31. Q') F/9 kvai1.ob~e 1 : 50,000

32 r.J I/1 i..vai1.ab1e 1 . .50 ,000 . :3.3 C:J I/2 l..vai1ab1e 1 : 50,000

J"- BJ I/J Avni1nbl.e 1" = 1 m:i1e

J5 83 I/5 Avnil.ob1e 1 : 50,000

36 DJ I/6 AveilE:.b1e 1 .: 50,000

2.,. Pbotointerpretation ai1~U map~ing:

Tho thematic maps which are to form the basis ~or

collection of groWiIlG, :~itock: data could not be uti1.ised ~s

these ~lere nat ~vt:'..i.le-ble at the time of' sUrV'E:ly. T-!oreover, there '::('

1.s certo::ln pCrC0::'l.to.ee of' 'Photo [,'ops in t::!e area of" :lnterpretn t-

ion. Thus forest' ['reo.. as r.H'lde o.vrd.l~b!..e from the Stnte Foreflt

De?~rtment wes ~t~lized ~or tho pre~ent report. Here, forest

~re~ me~s the groen w<:!.Gh i:2 tho S'_!I'vey Of India

topographic sheets.

2'.4. Inventory Desifin:

T:te SCl.Llplill(5 design consisted of' loncting two somp1.e

points ~n each gri~ o~ 21' x 2;' on 1: 50.000 sc~le Survey

C:f Indio. '!;opos~;_eet. Two r~ndoCl nunsbers were selected from

rf'mom r.l.lIIIber tc.bl.e v~d.ch f'oTo.eC t:w X <'..:nd Y co....ordi:r..ate5

of the centres o~ ~ir6t scnp~e p~a~. ~he Gouth-Vest corner

of' each 2.:' I x 2~' Jrid is, c on::;id9~d .~S the origin and

knOWinG e:.istnn.cec ;:>_lonc X-axis ~,d Y-a-::;:is murk the point

wb~c~ is ifenti~ied as p10t centre of the firDt olot.

To locate the saeoI'lL. p~ot join the f'ir3t p10t centre

-,f1t:-, t2:',e ari.d centre 2..Ild oxtcm'~ tIlis line in the opposite

direction. Nark ~ point at a.n equn.l di.st2Dce in the o;rposi. te

(~.irection 0'[' the Grid"',centre u'hich wi11. be the pl.ot centre

of' t~:.a s~cond plot.

s 12 :

2.4.l Layi~g out of plot I

The pic':.. of size 0.1 ha. W',S laid out keeping the

plot centre at the poi~t o~ intersection of the two

diagonal C". ,!I.iter fixing the plot. centre fix the four corners

of the plot by me<lsuring 22.36 m. horizontal distance by

Steel ':"'ape in a':'.l four direction i.e .. I-lorth, South, East

& :'Test directions by Cornpass and Tape ana joining the ends ..

The lay o-..).t of plot is' clearly depict.ed in the diagram Wo.8.

2.4 .. 2 Distribution of plots

~he n~ber of plots surveyed were calculated at 359

in Lower Subansiri District.. Distribution of plots by

stratum i.e. altitude cl~ss is furnished below ;-

----_ .. _------District Stratu."n- I Str.a.tllffi-II

(Upto 900 (900-180Om ~.alti~ude) altitude)

Lower subansiri

2.= MethodOlogy

143 166

Stratum~III ot..h-(18:JOm & ers above)

22 24

Fores - Total try plan-tation

4 359

The field data is collected by a team consisting of

one J.T.1\./D.R~dssisted by one D.R. N. 2·~3 Fieldmcn. Toe

Crew Leader carries the toposheet alongwith a sample point

alceady marked on it to the field. ~ set of measuring

instruments such as Silva Compass l callipers, measuring Tapes

and Ranging Rods etc. are carried out by them. on a particular

work day, the cre1"l leader decides the grid number and plot to

be surveyed. He reaches near to the sa~pling point to a

prominent physical feature which is snown on the toposheet

and also can be identi£ied on the ground. Normally the

reference points are selected from the following features:-

1. Bench mark,

2. Triangular point,

3. Village tri-jllnction pn.1rlt,

4. Old Bridges and Culverts~

5. Old temples, Churches, MosqueS,

6. Crossing of Railway tracks Nith roads .. rivers

ancYstrea'TIs 7. Junctions of rivers, streams and roads,

8. Junction OI streams,

9. ,Junction or roads,

10. Prominent ~ends on roads, rivers and streams.

: 13

11. Old ponds and-· ~"ells,

12.. Springs,

13.. Prmlinent £eatures in hilly areas such as spurs, knots etc.,

14. Milestones or Kilometer stones,

15. Boundary pillars(International, State,District and forests>

After locating the prominent feature on the ground

and on the toposheets, the distance and bearing of the'sample

point i3 measured from the map. The bearing is measured with

the help of Silva compass. At the reference point, the Crew

Leader records details of the reference features e.g. bearing

and distance of the sample points from the reference point,

the name o£ the camping place, the t~e table' to.complete

the work of plot approach fopn. This is recorded so that at

a future date, this reference point may be relocated.. From the

reference point the Crew Leader traverses the distance as

measured on the map in the direction of the sample plot and

reaches there. A wooden peg is £ixed at this location which is

the centre of the s~~ple plot. After fixing the sample centre,

a square sample plot of .1 ha. \vith diagonals measuring 44.72 m.

in north-south and east-west direction is laid out on the ground

by marking its four COrner3 with thin poles. After laying out

the plot, the Srew Leader with the halp of other members

collects the data in the following forms ~

Plot Description Form (P.~.F.)

Plot Enumeration Form (P.S.F.)

Sample Tree Fom ( S.T.F)

~amboo Enumeratioll' Form(Clump and Non-clumping form)

For collecting the information in the above mentioned

forms liThe Manual of Instruction For Field Inventory" prepared

by the Forest Survey Of India was followed strictly.

: 14

C HAP T E R -III

DA'r _;,.,. ANAL YSI8

3.1 General

D3ta pr~cessing was carried ~ut in three stages mainly

manual proc8ssing, processing' .on unit record machine and

processing on Electronic Computer.

It includes the following steps~-

(i) P~oper documentation of the field £O~$~

(ii) Coding the field forms where it is not incorporated l

(iii) Manual checking of the field data~

(iv) Reconciliation of discrenancies if anYI i'IT consultation with the F~eld Off~cers.

3_3 Processing on Computerr

Processing is done-in the newly installed Cyber System

in the Regional Computer Centre,Jadavpur University Campus~

calcutta. Following steps are carried out :-

(i) Loading the input data on disk and its verification

(ii) Consist 'ncy checking of th l data and its correction

(iii) Culculation of tree and plot volume

(iv) Preparation of stand and stock table

(v) Preparation of growing stock table as included in the obj ectives.

3.4 Area of Forest Resources Estimation,

The area statement was based on the figures obtained

from the State Forest Department. An area of 140.30 km2 "reserved

for wild I~fe Sanctuary was not included i~ the forest resources

estimation. Thus, the effective forest area for resources

estimation was estimated at 6556~70 krn2.(Please refer Para 1.4

also), The effective forest area of the district have been"

stratified into three altitudinal strata on the basis of the

changes in the vegetative character with altitude. The topo­

sheets of the entire district is divided into 2~' X 2~r grids

and the altitude in each such grid is noted. The area of

individual altitudinal stratum was ascertained on' proportional

weightage to each plot falling in different strata since there

was no clear demarcution of the forest boundary.

sr: AltitudinCll NO. stratum(meter)

1 Upto 900 M II 900 to 1800 M

III 1800 ~ and ab8ve

: 15

I'b.of plots frcm topo­sheets.

239 572 387

~M~&&~.~W~ ________________ ___ - ---~=-1198

Proportion

0.(995 0.4775 0.3230

1.0000

Forest area for resource estimation

(in ha.) 130806 313082 211782

655670

Henceforth, the forc~~t area of 6556.70 km2 will be taken

as the final area for resource estimation anQtotal growing stock,

annual yield etc. will be calculated on the basi~ of the above

figures for individual stratu~ and for the entire disttrict.

3.5 Tree density study:

The distribution of stems/ha. by species and diameter

classes in three different altitudinal str2.tum ~las been calculated

which 1s given-in Table No.l.l to 1.3. The number of stems per

hectare by stratum for the district is summarised below !-

Stratum Altitude(M)

I U'pto 9 00 [-1

II 900 to 1800 M

III above 1800 M

for th~ district

3.6 stratum-I upto 900 M altitude :--

fu. of stans/ha!

127.777

212.205

215.433

196.404

The follovTing 'observation can be made fran the Table l\b.l.1

of the stem table of this stratum :-

1. The number of stems/ha • .Is only 127.777 in this

stratum. Concentration of lower diameter class i.e .. 10-19 em. is

maximum which accounts for 44.31% of the total trees in this /f'ollowed

stratumL~ 21.61%, 13.24% and 8.53% in di.ameter class 20-29 em.,

30-39cm. and 40-49cm. respectively.

2. It is also noted that only 7.82~ of the tree is

above 60 em. diameter class.

3. Important species in this strat urn are ~tanopsis

indi~ followed by Ficus species, Jysaxylum binectariferum,Duabanga

gra nd if lora etc.

16

'I'he nU!nD2r of stems/ha. 1.',1. ~h percentage for SOIT',G of t hG

i:r.poct::!nt speci'3s are furniS~18d beloH : ..

~--.. --_._,_------- --~- -_-_._'- -~.----.----~.--.----- ----species

~~~!!.'2Pl>j....§.. ~!ldic:~ F~ species

;) ~lE_il_ b_i...2.ect.~r:-!. T_8CLlrT!..

~~ WC! Sl:r:_~ f!~i,~ 1 ~!:~

~~£~ .!;esi~~~E!;-_~~

St~reos...EG~~ J2er§.9~2~u,!!

Dil~e~ i0<EE_~.

Amoora ~.,al1ic:lii

----~--------~.- .. ,---,

NO. of st em s/ha • Percentage -~._------------------------

6.431 5.03

4.963 3.813

4.823 3.77

4.753 3.71

3.425 2.68

3.425 2 ... 68

3.145 2.46

3.006 2.35

3.006 2.35

-~.._...._-..

Salient fe~tures in this str~tQ~ are appended below

i) ~~er of stems/ha. is 212.205 o~ly

ii) Predominant species ~r2 C~~~~~~sis i~ica, Qu~~~ species

I-~~~ species etc.

iii) Stems are mostly concentrCltad ir. the lower diameter

cl~sses i.e. '0-19cm. ~ aXkTkwi~~and constitute 47.46%

of the total nUm')3r of sec.-TIS folloi1ed by 22.81%, 12.54%

and 7.1W~ in 2CJ~29 etn •• 30-39cm. ;md 40 .. 49cm.diameter ~1~O~06 respectively. , ~te~/bc~ ~bove 60 ern. i~ only 1~.665 in number wrich cOl'lcti tute 6.h4% o-f' th<3 tct2.l. ;::;tcms. Troce nrc ~~rcccr'l.t il;l n~l t::..:o C:'ci~. clossee e'Von o.bOV;_c 100 em. uiQnoto~ cl~~s. -~ , Some o~ tho iuport~t d~cioo v~th their percentage di~tri­butio.n,·ih th~D otr.::-:trurn?ro ei:von bolov:- -

-------- -.--.---~~. _.,-----_--_._ ------- ._--_._----:Spes'-ies na~m=e _______ , __

Custanop~is indica ::)uercus stJGcies F ic,:!sspeci.es Cas~iQ~p'~i~ species Schim"l. ~!..h!:.<;:)!....ii knoo:~i3: species

_ ___ S_t;:;..e;..;;;;.m=Ul}a.,=-·:...-__ , __ .~.r;:centaq~_

18.301 8.62 11.197 5.28 8.007 3.77 7.104 3.35 5.960 2.81 5.237 ~.47

1 7 ,

The following observations have been made in

respect of this str:ltU'Tl :-

i) ~wnber of stems/hd. is 215.433

iL) Im~ortant species in this strat~~ ar~ 9uercu5 spp.

Ca"i~~.ll L'1.dics, ~l}·'::,~1.~ia species etc.

iii) Trees ~re present OV}r ~ll the diametGr cl~sses i.e.

there is an even represent.3.tion of all the diameter

c11sses in this stratum.

iv) Stems/ha. over 60 em, dia~etBr class above is 20.906

which is 9.70~ of the total ~t~~s.

v) Important species, stems per hectare and Dercentage

distribution are as follows~-

Sp.~_ie s_D.?ll1_C3 ___ _

~ll!.eI~ .species CastanoDsis indica ;;...;...;;;;..;;;..~.-- ~- -_' Kichelia soecies

,..,. _._---- -..... .. h~t.Su.~,=! species

Ilex e..'(celsa

3.9 Volume 2Suations ~

. _ ::!9_!_ oj: _ ,s_1;:!3.':l!sLJ:2a.

30.906

13.180

11. 817

9.999

8.635

Perceqt3.ge

14.35

6.12

5.49

4.64

4.01

--------

NO felling was carried out by this zone during

inventory for construction of general volume equations.

Therefore, the volume equRtions ulready developed in

this ZOuG duri~g 1976 for Kameng and Subansiri districts

were adopted in this report for estimating the growing

stock of the area.

18 :-

3.10 General volume ~uation:

The equations giv~n below were selected after

taking into consideration the standard error of ~stimate,

th\2! multiple determination co·-ef£icient and the applicability

of the equations in th8 entire runge of data f

N3rne of species Volume equations

Michelia species V= 0.13904 + 0.30787 D2H Terminalia rnyrioca...E,E3 v=·-0.04435 + 9.0475 D2 + 0.04031 D2H

Mesua ferrea v= 0.0996 - 0.80 D ~ 0.40 D2H

.Kydia caleJein~ v= -0.49425 ~ 0.276 D2H + 0.0286 H

Bombax eeiba

Pinus wallichiiana

Others

V= -0.020028 + 7.8346 D2 +0.039545 D2H

v= -0.26434 + 6.7823 D2 ~ 0.08789 D2H

V::r:. -0.1368+0.00318 D + 0.01424 H + O.0000176D2H

V = Total over bark volume in(m3)inc1uding branches upto 5 em. diameter for all the spec!ies.

D = Over bark dlameter(in meter) at breast height for all species except for 'other' ~here it is in em.

H = Height of the tr8G(in meter)

- - - - --- - - - - - ....._ --- - - -- - - ......._ - - - - - - - - ,_ - -- .. - - ._ -3.11 Loeal volume equ~tions:

N3.m.e_ of species _ u __ -y"q_!..ume equations

Michelia species V= 0.62818 -O.0631~7 D + O.00209~2 D2

Termina.lia myriocarpa V= -'J.096981 -)- 0.001065 D2

Mesua f2~~ V~ 0.39401 - 0.045276~ + 0.0016769 D2

Kydia calycina V= 0.72892 ~0.0015117D2 - 0.25727~'n-

Bcmbax ceiba. v= 0.32575 - O.028412D -+- 0.0013205 D2 Pinus wallichian~ v= 0.22736 - O.027394D + 0.0012413 D2 others V/D2 = 0.000636 ~ 0.00331/02

V = Total over bark volume of tree including branches upto 5 em. diameter in m3.

D = Over bark diameter(in em.) at breast height.

19

3.12 ~ack tables :-

Timber volume per ~ectare by species and diameter

classes are given in Table No.3.1 '" 3. ~ and 3.J. Timber

volume is the over bark volu~e of tree including branches

up to 5 en. di~~eter in mJ. An abstract of the volume/ha.

in different stratum of the district is appended below :-

Stratum

I II

III

li,ltit l ~e( in meter ~

Upto 900 900 - 18,]0 Above 1800

For the district

Volume(m3)/ha.

96.954 140.248 184.163

145.795

3.13 ':Volume studies :-Stratum-I - !!pta 900 meter altitude:­

volume/ha. by species is 96.954 m3. The'percentage

distribution of volume in different diameter classes is as

follows:-

Diameter class(in em.) Volumefha.(in m3) Percentage

10-19 7.567 7.80

20-29 10.387 10.70

30-39 12.933 13.35

40-49 13.959 14.40

5')-59 lO.8-2!:) 11.18

60-69 "10.066 10.38

70-79 8.309 6.57

80-89 7.889 8.14

90-99 5 .. 079 5.24

100 ... 9.941 10.24

.Volume is evenly distributed in all the diameter

classes up to 60-69 em. and sliQhtly falls in next higher ...

diameter classes.

Among the sp~ es occu rring in the higher diameter

classes, Altingia excelsa, Dillenia indica, Duabanga

qrandiflora are significant.

20

Volume/ha.with percentage for some of the important

species are appended belO'..v : ,

s pe.cies __ ._._~ol=-um=:..;;e~Z~h.;.;a=-=-• ..:.(;.;.m:.:3;..:):,__ ___ ...;P;..;e=rc=~e~nt:..=.;;a::.;g;;l.e::::.-Dillenia indic~ 5.530 5.70

Terrnin~ myrioc:..~EE.2. 5.135 5.30

Altingia ~ls~ 5.018 5.18

Stereospemurn .£erson~tum 4.603 4.75

;) uam nga £r~rrli £_lo..ffi 4.442 4.58

Castan~~i~ indica 4.151 4.28

._-,,---- -------It is, therefore, indicated that occurrence of

s.ingle predominant species is not very significant in this

stratum and there is <:l varied mixture of broad--leaved

species having distribution o£ volume in different diameter

classes.

Volume/ha.over 70cm. diameter class is only 31.218m3

which is 32.20% of the total volume in this straturm.

3.14 Volume studies:Stratum-II, 900 to 1800 meter altitude:

Volume/ha.in this stratum is 140.248 m3 only. The

important s-r:ecies in this stratum is Quercus followed by

Castanopsis indica Michelia species etc.

The percentage distribution of ~ifferent diameter

classes is summarised below :-

Diameter classes(in em.) 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 100+

Volune/ha. (in m3) 13.707 17.818 19.570 19.569 15.361 14.724 13 .. 196 9.048 9.855 7.399

Percentage 9.77

12.70 13.96 13.95 10.95 10.50

9.41 6.45 7.03 5.28

From the above table, it is clearly evident that

the volume is evenly distributed up to 70-79cm. diameter class and thereafter this falls gradually.

Volume/ha. above 70cm. diameter class is 39.498m3

only which contributes 28.16o/a of the total volume of this

stratum.

: 21

Vol umc/ha. and the percentage with respect to sane

of the important species are furnished below :-

speci_e~s~ __________________ V~o~l~um~e~/h~~~a~.~(~i~n~rn~3~) _____ p~e~r~c~e~n_t_a~q~e~

Quercus spe::: i es Castanopsis indica Michelia species castanopsis species Altingia excelsa

13.189 10.656 10.229

5. 7C 1 5.305

9 .. 40 7 .. 60 7.29 4.07 3.78

Occurrance of single predominant species is not very

significant in this stratum also. There is a varied mixture

of broad·-lea ved species.

3.15 Volume studies : Stratum-III; above 1800 meters altitude:

Volume/ha.in this stratum is 184.163 m3. Quercus

is found to be the most predominant species in this stratum,

~hich contributes 38.704 m3 of tirnber/ha., followed by

Michelia.. Bpecie~, Magnol.ia species etc. OU€rcus species

itself contributes 21.02% of the total volume in this stratum

and may be treat ed as the most important speci es in this

altitude class ..

Volume is found to be evenly distributed over all the

diameter classes. volune/ha. aver 70 em. diameter class is

only 66.653 m3 which is 36.19% of the tot~l volume.

:: 22 :

The perceotagl3 distribution along·-with volume/ha. of

the different diame er c~asses is giver below =-

Diameter cl·").s& volun E/ha. Percentage (i.n em.) ( in m3)

10-19 11.347 6.16

20-29 19.469 10.57

30-39 27.508 14.94

40-49 21.438 11.64

50-59 17.727 9 .. 63

60-69 20.020 10.87

70-[19 21.675 11.77

80-89 20.979 11.39

90-99 16.647 9.04

100+ 7.~52 3.99

Volume/ha. with percentage for same of the important

species is furnished below :-

species Vol ume/ha .. (in m3) Percentage

--------,------ ---.-~---.--

Quercus sp oc ies

Michelia :species

Magnolia species

Castanopsis i.ndica

Castanopsis species

38.704

27.216

9.885

6.700

5.863

21.02

14.78

5.37

3.64

3.18

23 :

3.16 Error calculation:

8tand~rd error e~tim3tion for different stratum

is given as uneer ,

strat1.!!l

I II

III

For entire area

yolume/ha.(in m3)

96.954 140.248 18~",.163

145.795 -.....------3.17 Bamboo area:

S.E.%

15.29 12.46 11.12

11.78

No distinct bamboo stratum has been found in

Lower subansiri district because of scattered distribution

and sporadic occurrence of bamboo. Bamboo is found to

occur aiongwith th8 tree species. A.s such~ the area taken

for bamboo esti~ation is to be treated as the oVGrlapping

bamboo area with the tree species and the area is calculated

proportionately. Numb~r of bamboo bearing plots is 92 out

of total 359 plots. Thus, overlapping bamboo area est~ated

as below :-

Bamboo overla~ping arGa =3;~ x 6556.70 km2

::: 1680.26 km2

3.1B Estimation of bamboo:-Bamboo enumeration was c~rried out in bamboo

overl3pping area by diame~er and age classes except for

cBrrent year. ~very first clump and every eighth clump

tnereafter were enumerated. over the ent ire plot...

Per hectare number of bamboo cu~s is 2831.091. The

distribution by agel diameter classes, soundness is depicted

in Table N:l. 5.1. Important species of l::amboo occurrin¢,n the

area is given below ~-

.....;:S.p;.:::ec=l;:..· e:::.:;;,s _______ , ____ ~,&f_ <:?ulm/ha __ Perc entage

Bambusa arundinacea 19.129 0.68 Bambusa balcooa 106.079 3 .. '15 ~busa pallida 333.888 11.79 Dendrocal~us hamiltonii 2310.261 81.60 other bamboos 61.734 2.18

__ --.-...--.__.--.~T~o~t~a~1~:~ __ __. __ ~2~8~3~l~.~O~9~1~__. ______ l~O~O~.~O~ __ __

: 24 ;

A perusal of TaGle 1'10.5 .. 1 clearly shows that about

16.68% of tho culms belong to the current year class in green

sound condition Hhile the saInE.! is 4 .. 12% in green damaged

condition. There:f, re, total recru.itm~ It. is 20.80'% of the

total growing stock. The green sound culms of 1 to 2 seasons

age <lre 2C.36~~ and green damaged culms fom 6.08% i.e. a

tot.:il of 2664~% culrr:s belong to this age class. Over two

seaSoD.:: old cuLms in green sound. condition is 21.68% am the

same class in green damaged. condition is 7.34% only. The dry

sound culms is 4.55~ and the dry da~agGd culms is 8.81%

respectively. The dry sound and dry damaged add up to 13.36%

and may be classified toget.her with over two seasons old culms.

Thus, the age-wise composition of culms is, current year's

20.80%. 1 to 2 years 26.,14% and over two years 42.38%. The

decayed culms is about 10.39% of the total culms. _.-

Total, nlznber of bamboo cu]~ ., in the .district is

estimated at 475.3 million. The total number is calculated

by species, age class~ soundness and diameter class(in em.).

For details~ Table ~.2 may be seen.

3.19 Bamboo weight:-

Green weight of bamboo for different species were

available from felled culms. The green weight of a culm was

converted to air drv weight by a~plying th€ following shrinkage

factor which is taken from the past inventory report of Kameng

and Subansiri districts.

species Bambusa pallida Dendrocalamus hamiltonii others

Dry weight factor

41% 33% 38%

From the above, the aVerage air dry weight of a culm

is calculated. Tho air dry weight of a bamboo culm in different

diameter class is given as follows:

Species ~ir Dry ~eight(i~n~k~g~.~) .......... ________ __ DiarnGter classes in em.

2-5 5-8 ________ ~8~+ __________ _____

Bambusa pallid~ 1.98 Dendrocalamus hamiltonii4.14 others 1.91

3 •. 44 9.63 3.44

20.08

, 25 :

The average air dry weight of bamboo culms/h a.. is

estimated by applying it to the number Qf cUlms/ha.

~he rG5ults of bumboo dry weight/ha. by age, soundness

am diameter class are given in Table No.6. L Current years

culms were pot considered d~Ling weight calculation.

DenClrocalamus hamiltonii is the most common speci es

among the clump fOITlling "9amboo.

The air dry we~ght of bamboo per hectare is 16.296

tonne.

The contribution of different species is given in the

following table :-

Species Air dry wei9httin tonne/ha.5 Pe~entage) Bambusa arundinacea

8arnbusa ba.l~oo3.

Barnbusa pallida

Dendrocalamus hamiltonii

others

Total: -

0.019 0.12

0.267

0.398

15.471

0.141

16 .. 2 96

1.64

2.44

94.93

0.8'7

100.00

The total gro\·dng stock of banboo in the district is

estimated at 27 .. 374 lakhs "".D .. tonne. For details, Table No.6 .. 2

may re referred. The contribution of Dendrocalamus harniltonii

is 25.993 lakhs ~.D. tonne in the district.

3.20 Analysis of plot data:

The plot data collected during inventory in resp;ct of

soil~ terrain condition, Crop etc. were analysed and summarised

in the following paragraph. The intensity of sampling is very

low and therefore, the results hold good for the district as

a whale.

26 ~

3.20.1 £.istrib~lli.!L..9..f_~2st a;:.ea 9..Y ~ US~:-An analysis of the 13no us~ classes as per inventory

aat~ of Lower Subansiri District is give~ below :-

Land us 8 Percentage of area

1. D~nse tree forGs~ I

2. Moderately dGnse t reG forests

3. Open tree forests

4. Scrub forests

5. Bamboo brakes

6. Shifting cultivation

7. Young plantations of forostry

8. Trees in l.ine

9. Forest roads etc.

species

13.37

52.64

10.31

6 .. <11

4.18

5.01

1.39

10. Government grass lands 1.11

11~ Barren lands lout 0.28 12. ~gricultural land with!treGs in surround 2.23

13. Agricult~ral Land with trees in surround

14. Nbn-forestry plantutions

15. Habitati(;m ,.... 2.51

16. Water boclies t

\ 0.56

17. Other lands

100.00

Th8 above table clearly indicate that moderately dense

tree forests constitute the m3 jor portion o£ the forest area

which is 52.64% o£ the total forG'st area. The dense forest

area constit.ut.es 13.3~ of the forest area whereas open forest

area is 10.31% only.

growth is 4.18% only.

~reas completely covered with bamboo

Shifting cultivation is found to occupy

5.01% of the total forest area.

~ 27 :

3.20.2 Distribution of fores~arcu by topogr~phx :

Percent~ge of forest area by topography is given te low :-

......;;T_;;o __ 'D;..;:o"-.i9&..:r:;...·3...;.,jpo;.,,:f1.;.y"--__ . ___ _ No-:Qf-PiOts~~:-_-__ -__ -p._ ~eMrc:.:::..--_;;;c:n3t:a:g:e==:=::::: 9 2.53 7 1.97

220 61.79 120 33.71

1. Plat 2. Gently rolling 3. Hilly 4. Very hilly

It clearly indicates that the district is mostly

hilly and very hilly. The flat area is only 2.53% whereas

the hilly area 61.79% and very hilly area is 33.7% of the total forest· are.:l.

3.20.3 Distribution"of forest area by aspect =_ The distribution or forest area by various aspect

classes for the district is furnished below :_ 51. ID. A s p. e c t No .. of pItt s Percentage 1. Northern 36 10 ... 14 2. Njrt.h easter.n 46 12.96 3. Eastern 28 7.89 4. South eastern 61 17.18 5. Southern 67 18.87 6. South. western 52 14.65 7. ~stern 20 5.63 8. ~rth western 36 10.14 9. M::> aspect 9 2.54

---Total: 355- 100.00

The abOVe table indicates that aspect "ari~s in the

district_ Maximum area is ~ound in southern(19.8~) and South

eastern(17.18%) aspect. Minimum forest area (5~63%) falls under western aspect.

3.20.4 Distribution of forest area b~ rockiness:

The percentage of area by rockiness classes in the

district is as under :-

High Medium Low

.22__roc~

: 28

1 52 88

215 -----.,' --_._---'356

---.--~----.-.----.--~-.

0.28 14.61 24.72 60.39

100.9.0, ___ _

. \ close st udy of the above table reveals that

percentage of rockiness ,is not high and most of the forest area is without rock.

3.20 .. 5 Distribution ~of forest area by hum~c

Humus is the decomposed organic matter(leaves,twings,

branches etc.) which became a part of the upper most soil layer.

Th.e percentage of area with cl'assificat ion of humus i.e. shallow

medium,. deep and • No humus I is gi ven as belOrl s-

-- ---.--51. No. Humus / !'b. of plots

L. Percentage

1. Shallow 239 68.29 2. Medium 76 21.71 3. Deep 12 3.43 4. NO humus 23 6.57

350 lOO.Oq_

It rs observed from the above table that humus less

than- 5cms. thick i.e. shallow humus is maximum(58.29%)in the

forest area followed by medium humus which is 21.71% only.

Distribution of forest area by soil colour:

The colour of the upper horizon of the soi~ below the

humus layer is detennined and classified as black, brcwn:, red,

others and 'no soil l• PercentagG of area with respect to soil

colour is given te low!

Soil cOJ~o~u~r~ __ ~! _______ Nb~.~ot_p~~o~t~s~ ____ ~( __ ~P~e~r~c~e~nt~a.g~e~ Black Brown Red others i'b soil

341 3 6

97.43 0.86 1.71

----.~-._-_ -_ --_-_~ __ _:_2~ _______ -_l~O_O_"' • ...;;,O.O;:;. __ _

It is observed that the soil colour is bLown in the

forest areas of the district.

: 29 :

Soil consistency comprises the nature of soil

matetial that is eJ.';.pressed hy the degree am kind of

cohesion or resistance to defo~ation or rupture. Percentage

area by various soil consistency classes is given below:

Sl.~. Z Soir-con~istencyl No.of plots I Percentage

1 Friable 10 2.86 2 Slightly compact 328 93 .. 71 3 Compact 10 2 .. 86 4 Ceoentoo 2 0.57

350 100.00

The max~um portion of the forest area is under

slightly compact which is 93.71% of the total forest area of

the district. This soil consistency which is prevalent in

most of the areas supports good forest crop.

3.20.8 Distribution of forest a~a by soil texture:

Texture of soil refers to relative occurrence of clay,

siltl and sand particles. Soil texture classes for the district

is furnished below :-

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Clayey Clayey loam Loam Sandy loam sandy No soil

----- - -_._-- -.-

133 126

90 1

38.00 36.00 25.71 0.29

350 fOo.oo ______ ~ ___ . __ . ________ =..;;;-=-_______ .~_..;:..::::..::;.L..::;~ __

Major portion falls under clayey loam and loam areas

which contributes 38.00% and 36.00~ respectively.

f 30 :

Percenta:Je of area :Jy various 50il depth classes

is furnished belQl:v :-

Soil o2Eth classcs";--;--t.of_J2.1ots .I Percent-age __ _

!'b soi 1 Very sha llow 1 0.29 Sh3.11olrl Medium Deep

4 1.14 62 17.71

283 80.86

, T at a 1 : - 350 100.00 ~ ~--------~~~------------~~:~~------------

The above t2.ble shQ\-vs th.at the district has a soil

depth medium to deep, Soil dept.h 90CffiS. and more is found

to be 80.86% of the forest area of the district. This

clearly indicates the good vegetation status of the

district.

3.20.10 Distribution o£ forest area by soi~ ~rosion: . ., .. ~ ..... --

Erosion means the wearing away o£ the earth's

surface by the forces of water and wind.. The extent of

soil erosion is given below f-

Soil erosion Nb.of plots , - .., .~ .-...,. ~--- .

Mild erosion 268 Moderate erosion 78

Heavy erosion 4

Total: 35D

Percentage

76.57 22.29

1 .1 tl

100.00

The above table shows that heavy erosion occurs

only in 1.14% of the forest area and thus it is insigni£icant.

3.20.11 Dist . .r:1,_~ution of forest area by _q_rigin of ~t.a..nd:

Distr~bution of forest are~ by origin' of stand is

appended below:

Od..gin 0 f stand

~tural forest of .s8€ld origin

Nat ural fore st 0 f coppice origin

Han·--made forest

No.of plots Percentage

322· 97.87

7

Total~ 329 100.0(,

31 :

The above study ahows that the distrLct covers mainly

the natural forest of seed origin.

3.20.12 Distribution of forest area by top height classes: --_...-.._--..-_, ---~ ... ~.---

Top height classes ( meter)

No .of plot s Percentage

1-10 11-20 21--30 31 meter and above

40 115 144 29

12.19 35.07 43.90

8.84

Total~ 328 100.00

Majority of tr~ height is observed to te in the range

of 21 to 30 meter height c lass which aCCOIJ_ots 43 .. 90%. of the.

total trees. However. prevalence of trees in 11-20 metre top

height class is also existent in the forest areas of the

districts.

3.20.13 Distribution of forest area by size class

Th€ size class is dependent Orl the USe to which the tree

crop of a stand can be put. Percentage of forest area for the

district is furnished below :-

Size class ------'--------'---'

Regeneration Pole crop Small timber Big timber Mixed size class

--------, .-.-------'''~ ._-Total~

t-Jo.of'plots Percentage --- - .. -.,_ ~ .. - . ._. ... -.- ...... ~ .. 31 S5 55 82 98

327

11.31 1.6.82 16.82 25.08 29.91 ,---_._. __ .--_.-

100.00

The district covers crops of big sized timber to a 1 arge

extent together with mixed sized class which is 25.08% and

29.97% respectively. Percentage of small timber und pole crop

is found to occupy 16.82% in each case_ Regeneration crop

1.s 11.31~ only.

: 32 :

3.20.14 Distribution of forest area by regeneration:

As per guidelines laid down in the "Manual of field

instructions for field inventory" of the Forest Su.rvey Of

India, regeneration status was considered only for some

of the important species namely Michelia species, Albizzia

species.Cedrela toonaJ Betula alnoides etc.

Thus, the present study does not reflect the general

r-egen8ration status of all the species of the district.

Distribution of the f~rest areas by various regenera­

tion classes for the -above s'pecies· is given in the following

table :-

Item

Profuse Adequate

Inadequate Absent D~aged regeneration

Total:

lib .. of plots

10 3S

154 129

328

Percentage ------~--

3.05 10.6,7 46.95 39.33

~ __"A"_'~· .. _..-_.~ •• _ •. _ "" __ .~ __ .,.., ___ •• __ .-.-p...."._ ... _ ......_.""'_ .. __ .• __ ......-.......... A _ ..... ~ • • • _.-..

3.20.15 Distribution of forest area by injuries to crop:

Injuries to Crop includes borer attack, top drying,

girdling, scarring etc. Percentage area affected by various

injuries is as followsc-

Item rb.of plots Percentaie

1. Borer att ack 2. Top drying 1 0.30 3. Girdling and illicit fell~ng 95 28.37 4. Scarring of trees 61 18.54 5. Lopping for fodder 5 1.52 6. Wind damage and flood damage 7 2.13 7. Other injuries (e. g.climber

damage, lightening damage, wild life damage) 3S 10.64

B. fib injury 125 38 .. 50

Total: 329 100.00 -. -~~-"" ... -.~~~--~

: 33 :

It is very cl~ar from the above table that damage by

human ag'3ncies# such as girdling Ttlhich is 28.87%' in the

district calls for protective measures in vulnerable belts.

Natural injuries in the district arenoj;signifieant •. Other

inj uries which i nelude climber damage, lightning damage,

wildlife damtige ~s 10.64% only.

3.20.16 Distribution of forest area by fire incidence!

t'ereeri:.age area affn-::ted '0y fire incidene in. the

district is summari sed bt:lo:., :-

Item ~-----~ --~----~----.---~----- ... -~---f'.Q. of plots Psrcentage

Very heavy Frequent Occasional No fire

Tot~l:

3 0.91 22 6.69

143 43.46 161 48.94

329 100.00

It ,1s evident that there is no appreciable incidence

of heavy 'fire. ~casional firo occurs in the district ,from

ti .. ne to time and is to the extent of 43. 46%. Preventive

measures should be taken fa r this purpose.

3.20.17 Distribution of fDrest area by grazing incidencet -. --... ..,. ... _ -.-..... ~-.

-~---.......... - ..... ...-""-.. -....-.-.-~.-. -_,,-,_ ... -~ ... _..,.-

The intensity of grazing Dr both the districts is as

underJ-

Item

Heavy qra..zi1)g Mediwn grazing Light grazing 1b grazing

No.of plots Percentage

10 3~04 59 17.93

105· 31.92 155 47.11

------'-'-----.-'----------=-::-::~-----~"=-:~~ .. ----Total: 329 100.00

It is evident fran the above table that medium to

light grazing occurs in 49.85% forest area of the district

and heavy grazing occurs in 3.04% of the £orest area. Grazing

causes harm to rec~uits and also deteriorates soil conditions.

It is, th~refore, suggested to avoid grazing in areas of

natural regeneration and reforestation. As an alternative,

it is to be experimented if rotational grazing can be

introduced in certain demarcated areas for the cattle

popul ation.

34 ~

3.20.18 Distribution of forest area by plantation: ------------------------------.----~~------- ,._-

Plant·3.tion potential for the district is given

Description

planta.bl~

Unplantable Not applicable

Total:

No.of glots 90

1 258

349

Percentage

25 .. 79 0.29

73.92

100,,00

Fro~ the above tab!e~ it is clear that 25.79% of

forest area is plantable. Rest of the forest area is marked

as I not applicablG'. The term II not applicable" relates to

all those forests where crown density is 30% or more and

plantation potential is not of anY' significance. Due

co~~eration is given to a$pect, soil depth,drainage~c~op

in/surrounding area, and other biotic Qnd climatic factors

whil~ determining the potentialicy of the land.

3.20.19 Distribution of for0st area by degradation statusl

Degradation status is sumrra rized below :----.~--.

A. Degrddation due co grazing, fire, fib.of Percentage

pollardi ng , i.i.licit cutting arrl tapping.

a) Heavily degraded b) Moder~tely degraded c) Mi Idly deg ruded d) Not degraded

B. Degrad3tion due to natural calam~ties, e.g. landslides, glaciers, flood, rainfall natural mortality

a) Heavily degraded b) Moderately degraded c) Mildly degraded d) Not degraded

Total~

plots

61 66 71

108

3 2

11 12

334

18.26 19.76 21.26 32.34

0.90 0.60 3.29 3.59

100.00

~~._,.--

-----.

~_.... _ __ -.. ~ ., __ ........ ~.", ~ ... ~, .. """.~ v __ ·_ • _, .. __ ~ .•. _,, ____ ....... ........... 1

35 :

The survey results reveal that only 35.89% of

the total forest urea is not degraded ~t a~l '].nd rest

of the area i.e. 64.11% o£ tfia area is subjected

to hea v i ly to rni Id 1 y ,_~ agraded Ollt of which 19.160/0 of

the are;) is he;}vi~y d8graded. Suitablf:l afforest'-3.tion

me3.5Ures are to bu t-::lkGll in degraded -Ctrc3.S on a priority basis.

: 36

c :r APT S R. - IV

4.1 Estim~~fl of: !::9.!-51_J1!:.o_i:!il!~ ..,::stoc..ls:=

The· tot,l.l nlllCl})er of st8ITlS in the district hy speciE:S

and di2.lilet::r clasSGs in diffo~2nt stratum(10cm .diameter and

ab:Jve) ar~ gi Vf:'n i!l Ta:-... 18 No.2 .1, 2 _ 2 an:1 2.3 at the end of

the rGport. Th~se are sl.1f:ltn<"'lrised tE 10v.' C ,-

I

II

III

upto 900 m_

900 m - 1800 m

~ovc 1800 ffi. _.,.._---_ .. _._- ... __ -...... .. _--

167:1. 4.024

66437.566

45624.832 .. ...._,... -.- •. >.-~-__....-.,._.---~~ ~---- _ .•. , .....

128776.422 --"'--~--' ---~--- ----I .. --.--.~.----~_.......... ________ ..... '0'- .....

Thus# the total number of sterns in the district is

estimated as 128.77 million.

~.2 Total volume:

Total growing stock of timber in the district is

95.59 million m3.

An abstract )f total grOldng st;:>eK: by stratum is

ap"9~nd€d be low :-

-stratum -'-- .-- Altitude( in m. ) -"T-;ial vollJIlle( I DOOm3' .----.--- - --.~,------.--.--... --.. -..• I

II

III

Upto 900 m. 12682.129

900m - 1800.ffi 43909.105

hbove 180Qm 39002.441 ---_ ... -~ •. __ --........... -._. ........ _. ~.....,_~ _ ~_ ......... __ ._.._._._ ..... ~ ••. A ........ ,~. ___ ._ A"". __ • ... _. _ .... _ ~ _ _ ---.. . ..... _ _

95593.675 --"'"" _ --.. -..... ~~~ ---- _. _ ......... -. --- -.... ~. --.~- ... _. ... - ~ ........ "". - .... -.~-' - "

For ctet3ilsJ ~ablu No.4.1, 4.2 and 4.J may be referred.

4.,3 Silvicultur.3.l syste'1l:

The silvicultural system "ld.1)pted is selection cun

irnprovament felling as prescribed in various Working Plans.

~he forests arc div~rsifi8d and irregular in n~ture. l~tural

regeneration is SC-"'rce but attp~n?ts dJ:"8 ruing made to induce

the same in respect of wirious species in:: 1 uding Dipterooarpus

macrocarpus(Hollong) and Shoreo. nasal!lJ.ca (Mekai).

~rtificial regener~tio~ of various species including

TetlTli:1aia r.lyriocarpa.(Eollock) and Toctona. grandis(Teak) have

been aimed -:).t W~1.cre tlJ.tural rc:gsneration is absent in the

unc 1 assec. state foreF:ts.

Felling of tr~~5 h3s beE:n prescribed iJ!.:>ove exploitable

girth cl-:lsS 'keeping in vi.~w the silvicultural principles. Since

the miscellaneous forests suff8red ~udh depletion due to

unscieiltific fulling, t.he t-Jorking Plans suggested selection

felling 20% less ~han the pre$crib~d norm.

4.4 Rotation, exploitable irth u.Qd felling cycles:

NO r81iable statistical data on the growth and outturn

of important species in Lower Suban$ri district is available.

No etand=rd yield and volume table have ::l.lso ooe!1 prepared

so far. '\bout 2Xplc.itable girth, rotCltion and felling cycles,

different TpTorking Plans adoptee diff0rent figures Fit different

times. Growth d3t~ of evergree~ forests or Assum was also

considered as a refsr8nce. ThQ existing system is to fix the

yield of Dipterocarpus ma~9carpus(Hollong), and Shorea

assamic::i(Mek"'l.i ) and TenninCllia myriocarpa{Hollock)by volume

c'lm for the oth..:;r misced lE.. :leous species by prescribed number

of trees. The exploit.:ltion pattern 3.00 the method. o£ extraction

huve undargone 3. r2.dical chCioge in Arull3.cha 1 Pradesh after the

establish~ent of F~rest Development Corporation. In order to

fix ex:plcbi table girth, rot~tjon and felling eye Ie in the present

survey, all av?ilabl~ records of district as well as adjoining

Assam State were tak~~ into consider~tion. Exploitable girth

for miscellaneous species has beGn fixed at 210 cm~ which would

be attained in 50 ye3rs ~ut due to lock of avai1ability of

SUfficient gro~tn d~t~, the rotation is fixed 3t 75 years to

guard againsc ~~~elling. For Pine specip.s1 the rotation is

fixed dt 100 years. In Salection fellingJ a cycle of 30 ye~rs

was adopted as is being practiced at various forest divisions.

4.5 Annual yield'

~nnu31 yield is c~lculated from selection fellinq for

all the species by volun~

Wh~r~, Yield = Volumg_9~ timber above exploitable girth Felling cycle.

~ 38

The tdDle below shows the calculation of annual yield

in the district by stratum: . -----.. _-_ .. --- .. ". -_ .. _ .. _ .. -. -_. ---.,--- - ._._---- ------._.-------

StratUIn !\ ~ti tude class

(in InGtel.-)

TOt31 c;rowing stock over exploitable girthC I OO'::m3)

Felling cycle {in years)

-_._-_._--_. _.---_---- - - -~--- _---------- .. _._- ---.---I

II III

l~to 900m 4083.529 900-1800m 12366.111 Above 1800m 14116.034

30 30 30 ._------_._------

Total:-

136.117 412.203 470.534

1018.854

Thus, the annual yield €stimated by the above method

is 1018054 m3 only.

4.6 Annual yield of bamboo:

In case ot clump forming bamboo, the annual recruitment

is 20.80% and is jUst 1/5th of the eotal growing stock, we,

therefore, may take the annual recruitment as the yield. The

annual yield of bamboo is calculated as follows z-

Annual yi.eld = - Total growing stock 5

= 27.374 lakhs A.D.tonne. 5

.:z 5.474 lakhs h .. D .tonne.

However, in order to be on the safe side and to have a

conservative estimate the annual cut may be prescribed on the

basis of growing stock of bamboo o£ 2 years and over in which

case the actual availdble annual yield will be as below :-

Annual yield = 17.183 5

= 3.436 lakh A.D.tonne.

~ 39

c ;1 j\ P T 5: R -V

5. 1 .§_umma ry :

1 _ R(::C()ro0~ f 'Jr€:.'.c t ~ir"_>a in L.._:.,,;er Subansiri district is

6697 kTl2 :.vl'ler"-'3s tt1e gcogr3phic.:l.l areJ. of the district

is 138:1.0 km2.

2. Thl:' ciist rict occ;J.pies 51. <18% of the forest .3.rea with

re.'3p(·~ct to t.ot21 gcogr,3phic21 area.

3. Three a1.titudinal strati). have been fo:r:med in the

district amongst v:hic:-l straturn-I i.e.forest area

~bove 900 meter dltitud~ occ~pies 19.95% whereas

forest ar8a bet"",reen 900 to 1800 meter and above

180,') meter altit~de occ:rpies 47.75% am. 32.30% forest

area respectively with respect to total forest area.

'7. Forest c.r;.2a by legal st"l.tus i.e. Reserve Forests.

t"lildlife Sanctuary and uncla5s8d StC\te Forest is

22.32%,2.09% 3.nd 75.59% respectively of the total

forest area.

5. Th~ 2rea of 140.30 km2 is reserved for Wildlife

Sanctuary nod 6556.70 km2 fore~t 3r8a has been taken

a.s the ilT82l. 0::: forest resources estimu.tlon.

6. P.er h~"Ct::lre estimated stems and vo~ umc in d.if: ferent

gtratum have been compiled far the ~ntire district

which are a s follows:-- -~---'---"---.--- ------l',lti tude (m)

upto 90Qn

900-180Om .

.i\bove 1800m

Tot21:

Stra­t.um ._

I

II

III

NO.of stBms/ha. Volume/ha.(m3}

--~- -----,~-=--~--

127.777

212.205

215.433

196.404

96.954

140 .. 248

184.163

154.795

t 40

7. T~e total nu~ber of stems are ~stimated at 128.77

~illion in the district. The stratum wise break up

of the: tot,3.1 stems is 16.71 million .. 66 .. 43 million

a:1d ,15.62 mill:i.C)n respectively for the three strata.

8. The total grov.iing stock for the ~ntire district is

estimuted ~t 95.59 million m3. The growing stock

in the t~ree strata is 12.68 million m3.,43.90

mi Ilion m3 and 39.00 mi 11io n m3 respectively.

9. The annual .:-lvailabilit:y of timber is estimated ~~t

1.018 mill~Jn m3 for the district.

10. Tot~l growing stock o£ bamboo is estimated at

2.737 million A.D. tonne in the entire disi:ict.

11. Annu~l avail~bility of bamboo is estimated at

0'.3,;3 million 7 •• D. tonne.

12. ~t present, the forest is worked under selection

system.

5.2 Conclusiog_:

The Lower Subansiri district is endowed with

rich forGst HC!3.1tn havinD 51.48':-'0 of forest, The dense

£orqst ocC!upies 13.37"10 ':)f the total forest ar8"3.

H'2avily d(~graded ~rea CCCUpidS 19.16% of total forest

3.rea ,,,,hictl is most ly in the Unc 1 assed St:!t.e Forest

and close to hC\.hitation and in t.he accessible area.

This requires rehabilitation on ~ priority basis.

1.

2.

4.

5.

6.

~ 41

/ / B I R L r 0 G R i~ P H Y / I

Census of Indi3.,1981 Series-25,P~rt II ~ and Part IT B GtJnera 1 Population T3.bles am Primary Census Abstract

~run~chal Pradesh District Gazetteers, LowGrSubansiri District.

Census of India,1981 Series-25,Dernographic Profi1_e,Part II-Special

Statistical Handbook of Lower Subansiri District, Arunachal Pradesh, 1983.

Report on the forest resources of Lohit and Tirap Districts (Arunachal Pradesh),1981.

Report on the forest resources of Kcmeng and Subansiri districts (Arunachal Pradesh),19~6,

Directorate of Census Operat ions, ~runachal Pradesh.

S.Dutta Choudhury, Editor I Government of Arunachal Pradesh,1981.

Directorate of Census Op3rations, Arunachal Pr.:J.desh.

Statistical Branch Office of the Deputy Commissioner, Lower Subansiri District, Ziro, Arunachal Pradesh.

Forest Survey of India

Forest Survey of India.

7. Unpublished literature and data of the Forest Department, Government of Arunachal Pradesh.

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