For StartersFor Starters

• Using the chart “Resources of the North Using the chart “Resources of the North and South, 1861” on page 487and South, 1861” on page 487

answer questions:answer questions:

1a, 1b, 2a, &2b1a, 1b, 2a, &2b

For StartersFor Starters

• Read the American Profile of Robert Read the American Profile of Robert E. Lee on page 489 and answer the E. Lee on page 489 and answer the question in bold, using complete question in bold, using complete sentences.sentences.

For StartersFor Starters

• Viewing History:Viewing History:

Read “Battlefield Medicine” on pg.501 Read “Battlefield Medicine” on pg.501 and answer the question in bold, give 2 and answer the question in bold, give 2 examples using complete sentences.examples using complete sentences.

(use the pictures linking the past and (use the pictures linking the past and the present to help with the answer)the present to help with the answer)

For StartersFor Starters

• Analyzing Photographs:Analyzing Photographs:

Using the photograph on page 511 Using the photograph on page 511 answer questions 1(a&b) & 2(a,b,&c)answer questions 1(a&b) & 2(a,b,&c)

REMEMBER REMEMBER

***USE COMPLETE SENTENCES******USE COMPLETE SENTENCES***

For StartersFor Starters

• Write out and answer the following Write out and answer the following questions:questions:

1.) Who was the President of the 1.) Who was the President of the Confederacy?Confederacy?

2.) Which Civil War battle is considered to be 2.) Which Civil War battle is considered to be the Union’s worst defeat?the Union’s worst defeat?

3.) What does the word emancipate mean?3.) What does the word emancipate mean?

FOR STARTERS

Read the American Profile on Ulysses S. Grant on page 494. Answer the bold question.

FOR STARTERS

Turn to page 498 and read the section under Viewing History entitled “Assault on Fort Wagner.” Answer the bold question.

FOR STARTERS

Turn to page 503 and answer the graphic organizer questions 1-2 on the cause and effects of the Civil War.

FOR STARTERS

The end of the war created a backlash from the south that ended in a large amount of racial discrimination against African Americans…why do you think they all didn’t just move to the north?

FOR STARTERS

The Civil Rights Movement and Martin Luther King, Jr. didn’t even occur for about 100 years AFTER the Civil War…why do you think it took so long for this to happen?

For Starters

1. Who was President during the Civil War?

2. What is the key term for somebody who takes advantage of a crisis to make money?

3. List one southern strength during the war.

4. What is the time period where the south was being rebuilt after the war called?

For Starters

1. Which General led the Confederate army?

2. List a problem the south had during the war.

3. What is the key term for a government pardon?

4. What was the first major battle of the Civil War?

For Starters

1. Who was the President of the Confederacy?

2. What is the key term for the ability to read and write?

3. List one northern strength during the war.

4. Which battle was a Confederate victory, but General Stonewall Jackson was accidently shot?

For Starters

1. Who became the Union commander in March, 1864?

2. List one northern weakness.

3. Which battle, a Union victory, marked the last time the Confederacy would attempt to invade the north?

4. What document freed all slaves in rebel states?

For Starters

1. What laws legally separated the races in the south?

2. List a northern strategy.

3. What was the leading cause of death for soldier during the war? (hint…it wasn’t the actual fighting)

4. Who assassinated President Lincoln?

For StartersFor Starters

• 3.2.1 Summary!3.2.1 Summary!

List:List:

3 vocabulary words you have learned 3 vocabulary words you have learned

2 Important People we have talked about 2 Important People we have talked about

AND…AND…

1 Important event that took place1 Important event that took place

For StartersFor Starters

ORGANIZE NOTES ORGANIZE NOTES

AND AND

STUDY FOR QUIZ!STUDY FOR QUIZ!

Content ObjectivesContent Objectives

• 2.8.3 Read and use informational tools • 6.8.21 Identify the causes, key people,

events, and outcome of the Civil War, including:states’ rights and slavery, President Lincoln, Emancipation Proclamation, Vicksburg and Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address, Generals Grant and Lee

Language ObjectivesLanguage Objectives

• SWBAT:SWBAT:

• Fulfill the content objectives by analyzing Fulfill the content objectives by analyzing primary sources, taking notes, and viewing primary sources, taking notes, and viewing pictures and photos.pictures and photos.

CIVIL WAR VOCABULARY

• Martial Law• Emancipation• Draft• Income Tax• Inflation• Profiteer• Total War

• Amnesty• Reconstruction• Poll Tax• Literacy• Segregation• Jim Crow Laws

Martial Law

Rule by the army instead of the elected government.

EmancipateEmancipate

To set free

DraftDraft

Law that requires people of a certain age to enlist in the military.

Income TaxIncome Tax

A tax on people’s earnings

InflationInflationA rise in prices and a decrease in

the value of money

ProfiteerProfiteer

A person who takes advantage of a crisis to make money

Total WarTotal WarAll-out war that affects civilians at

home as well as soldiers in combat.

Amnesty

PRESIDENT JOHNSON PARDONING REBELS AT

THE WHITE HOUSE

Government pardon

Reconstruction

Rebuilding of the south after the Civil War

Poll TaxTax required before a

person can vote

LiteracyThe ability to read

and write

Segregation

EARLY SEGREGATED SCHOOLS IN EARLY SEGREGATED SCHOOLS IN SOUTH CAROLINASOUTH CAROLINA

Legal separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or

other differences

Jim Crow LawsLaws that separated people of different races in public places in

the south

The American Civil WarThe American Civil War

From 1861, to 1865, for four long years From 1861, to 1865, for four long years Americans fought and killed one anotherAmericans fought and killed one another

A Nation Divided

• Southerners believed they had the right to leave the Union.

• Southerners wanted to “preserve” their way of life, which included slavery.

• The North fought to “preserve" the union.

• When the war started abolishing slavery was not the main goal.

The United States The United States During the Civil WarDuring the Civil War

Southern Strengths

• The South was fighting a defensive war, defending their homes and their property.

• Defending their homeland gave them a strong reason to fight.

• Confederate Soldiers knew the countryside better.

Southern Weaknesses

• There were very few factories in the South to provide weapons and other important supplies.

• The South also had very few railroads to move troops and supplies.

• The South had a small population compared to the North.

The Southern Economy

• The South had to deal with the cost of the war, the loss of the cotton trade, and severe shortages due to Union blockades, which left their economy in ruins.

• To raise money the South not only imposed an income tax but also required farmers to turn over 10% of their crops (they had no money).

• Inflation caused prices to sky-rocket

A barrel of flour for $275

A bushel of potatoes for $25

A pound of butter for $15

Problems in the South

• President Davis struggled to create a strong federal government.

• Many southerners resisted paying taxes to a central government,

• It got so bad Georgia threatened to leave the Confederacy!

Famous Southern Leaders

The Confederate Seal

MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator”

The Confederate White House in Richmond, Va.

Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis

• President of the Confederate States of America

• Davis was responsible for the raising of the formidable Confederate armies.

• He was also responsible for the appointing General Robert E. Lee as commander of the Confederate army.

Robert E. Lee

• President Lincoln asked Lee to command the Union army, he refuses.

• Lee eventually becomes leader of the Confederate army.

• Lee decided to side with the Confederacy because Virginia seceded from the Union and that is where he is from.

The Confederate Army wore gray uniforms

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

• Famous Confederate General who got his nickname for standing his ground and not retreating during the Battle of Bull Run.

• “Stonewall” will be killed during the Battle of Chancellorsville when his own men mistake him for a Union soldier. See? Even “Stonewall” wore

gray…do you think they chose the color to match Robert Lee’s beard? Yeah, that’s probably it.

Southern Strategies

• The Confederacy would fight a defensive war.

• They hoped the North would tire of fighting and quit.

• The Confederacy counted on Europe for money and supplies (cotton was important to European textile mills)

SUMMARIZE!!

CLASS DISCUSSION

What is more important to a team’s success?

The talent of its players?

The knowledge of their coach?

WHY????

Northern Strengths

• The North outnumbered the South nearly 4 to 1.

• There were more people in the North to fight and work in the factories.

• Northern industry made it easier to produce supplies.

• The North had an excellent railway system which made transportation easy.

The Northern Economy

• The war actually helped the north’s economy• They did have some inflation, but not as bad as the south• Many farmers went to war, so the north built farm

equipment to help the farms run with less help• Factories prospered• Heavy demands led to profiteering or charging excessive

prices for the supplies being manufactured

Northern Weaknesses

• The North was invading unfamiliar land.

• Fighting far away from home led to long supply lines which were open to attack.

Opposition to War in the North

• Some Northerners opposed using force to keep the South in the Union.

• Supporters of the war called these people copperheads (after the snake).

• Other northerners supported the war but disagreed with the way Lincoln was fighting the war.

Republicans called these anti-war Democrats “Copperheads” because they felt them poisonous to the cause of winning the war. The “Copperhead” snake is very poisonous and

deadly…like Northern Democrats??

Problems in the North

• As the war dragged on the North soon faced a shortage of volunteers.

• In 1863, Congress passed a draft law, which called for men between 20-45 to serve in the army

• A man could pay $300.00 not to enlist or pay someone to take his place, earning the war’s nickname of “a rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight.”

NORTH SOUTH

Famous Northern Leaders

President Abraham Lincoln

• Became the 16th President of the United States in 1860.

• Many Northerners doubted Lincoln’s ability to lead.

• Lincoln proved to be a strong leader and a fine war planner.

Ulysses S. Grant

• Grant was nicknamed “Unconditional Surrender Grant”

• Lincoln appointed Grant Commander of the Union forces in March 1864.

• Grant ordered “total war” against the south to destroy their ability to fight.

• Grant will later become the 18th President of the United States in 1868

General William Tecumseh Sherman

• Grant ordered Sherman to capture Atlanta and then march to the Atlantic Ocean.

• Sherman had orders to destroy everything useful to the South.

• Sherman and his troops destroyed railroad tracks, killed livestock, tore up fields, and burnt homes, bridges, and factories during their “March to the Sea”.

Northern Strategies

• Blockade southern ports

• Capture the Confederate capital of Richmond

• Gain control of the Mississippi River

– This would not only divide the Confederacy in half but would stop them from easily supplying their troops.

SUMMARIZE!!

CLASS DISCUSSION

Although Union soldiers were better trained and equipped, they were seemingly not as motivated to fight as the southerners. Many historians credit this to the fact the southerners were defending their own land. Many northerners also didn’t really think slavery was an issue worth losing their life over…so what motivation DID the north have in fighting the south?

Major Civil War BattlesMajor Civil War Battles

The Battle of Bull RunThe Battle of Bull Run

• The first major Battle of The first major Battle of the Civil War which took the Civil War which took place on July 21, 1861.place on July 21, 1861.

• The battle took place near The battle took place near a small Virginia stream a small Virginia stream named Bull Run.named Bull Run.

• In the end, Union troops In the end, Union troops retreated.retreated.

• The Battle showed that The Battle showed that neither side was ready to neither side was ready to fight and that the war fight and that the war would be long and bloody.would be long and bloody.

The Battle of AntietamThe Battle of Antietam

• The Battle of Antietam was a The Battle of Antietam was a day long battle that took place day long battle that took place on Sept.17, 1862.on Sept.17, 1862.

• More than 23,000 Union and More than 23,000 Union and Confederate troops were killed Confederate troops were killed and wounded.and wounded.

• Neither side was a clear Neither side was a clear winner.winner.

• The North did claim victory The North did claim victory because the Confederate troops because the Confederate troops did withdraw. This boosted did withdraw. This boosted Union morale.Union morale.

The Battle of ChancellorsvilleThe Battle of Chancellorsville

• The Battle of The Battle of Chancellorsville took place Chancellorsville took place in May of 1863 in in May of 1863 in Chancellorsville, Va.Chancellorsville, Va.

• The battle lasted 3 days The battle lasted 3 days and Confederate troops and Confederate troops were victorious.were victorious.

• Victory came at a high Victory came at a high price when General price when General Stonewall Jackson was Stonewall Jackson was accidentally shot and accidentally shot and killed by his own troops.killed by his own troops.

The Battle of GettysburgThe Battle of Gettysburg

• The battle took place over The battle took place over 3 days in July of 1863 in 3 days in July of 1863 in Gettysburg, a.Gettysburg, a.

• It is recognized as one of It is recognized as one of the most important battles the most important battles of the Civil War.of the Civil War.

• It will mark the last time It will mark the last time the Confederates would the Confederates would try to invade the Northtry to invade the North

• The Union’s victory is The Union’s victory is considered the turning considered the turning point of the War.point of the War.

The Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg Address

• The Gettysburg Address was a The Gettysburg Address was a speech given by President speech given by President Lincoln on Nov.19, 1863 at a Lincoln on Nov.19, 1863 at a ceremony dedicating a cemetery ceremony dedicating a cemetery to honor those that died in to honor those that died in battle. battle.

• Lincoln’s speech was a Lincoln’s speech was a profound statement of profound statement of American ideals.American ideals.

• It is regarded as one of the It is regarded as one of the greatest speeches in American greatest speeches in American history.history.

SUMMARIZE!!!

DISCUSSION

During the Civil War, battles were very deadly and would often last for days. Sometimes, tens of thousands of people would die in a single day, on a single battlefield. How do you think soldiers would cope with this if they were lucky enough to survive the war?

The Emancipation ProclamationThe Emancipation Proclamation

• President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on Jan.1, 1863.

• It freed all slaves in rebel states, which were not under Union control, so one was actually freed!

• It did however change the purpose of the war and kept the British from joining the war fighting against the North.

African American ContributionsAfrican American Contributions

• When the Civil War broke out thousands of African Americans volunteered to fight but they couldn’t because it was against the law.

• Congress repealed that law in 1862 and by the end of the war nearly 40,000 African Americans lost their lives.

• One of the most famous African American units that served during the Civil war was the 54th Massachusetts Regiment.

The 54The 54thth Massachusetts Regiment Massachusetts Regiment

The Hard life of a Soldier

• Most of the soldiers in the Civil War, on both sides, were under the age of 21.

• Improvements in weapons led to more deaths, in most battles more then one fourth of the soldiers were killed or wounded.

• Medical care on the battlefield was crude with minor wounds leading death or even worse disease.

• Diseases such as pneumonia and malaria actually killed more men then the improved weapons

Civil War Medical CareCivil War Medical Care

A Civil War Surgical tentA Civil War Surgical tent A Civil War SurgeryA Civil War Surgery

Women in the WarWomen in the War

• Women in both the North and South played an important role during the war.

• As the men went to fight the women replaced them in both the factories and on the farms

• Women did so well as military nurses that after the war nursing became an accepted occupation for them.

Civil War WomenCivil War Women

The Civil War endsThe Civil War ends

General Lee surrendered at Appomatox General Lee surrendered at Appomatox Court House on April 9, 1865. This Court House on April 9, 1865. This effectively brought the American Civil effectively brought the American Civil War to an end. War to an end.

A Turning Point in American History

• 360,000 Union soldiers lost their lives• 250,000 Confederate soldiers lost their lives• No war has ever resulted in more American deaths• Before the war, Americans referred to “these United

States” After they began speaking of “the United States”.• Millions of African Americans had gained their freedom.

SUMMARIZE!!

DISCUSSION

What do you think the feelings or emotions were as slaves were being sent free from their master’s? What would it look like?

RECONSTRUCTION

• Because most of the war took place in the south, much of the south had to be rebuilt after the war.

• Also, the economy had largely depended on slave labor before the war, and after the war that was illegal.

• During the time period, the south was occupied by the military to ensure that no more rebellions took place.

THE FREEDMEN’S BUREAU

• One month before Lee surrendered, Congress passed a bill creating the Freedmen’s Bureau, a government agency to help former slaves.

• The agency helped poor whites as well.Gave food and clothing to former slaves.Tried to find jobs for freedmen.Provided medical care.Set up schools. Most of the teachers were volunteers

from the North.The Bureau created colleges for African Americans,

including Howard, Morehouse, and Fisk.

Lincoln is Assassinated

• President Lincoln was assassinated on April 14th,1865 by John Wilkes Booth while attending a play at Ford’s theatre in Washington D.C.

• Booth was caught and killed in a barn outside the city.

• Andrew Johnson sworn in as President

Black Codes

• In former Confederate states

• Southern legislatures passed laws that severely limited the rights of freedmen called black codes.

– African Americans could marry legally and own some property.

– They forbade freedmen to vote, own guns, or serve on juries.

– In some states, African Americans could work only as servants or farm laborers. In others, they had to sign contracts for a year’s work.

Jim Crow Laws

• In former Confederate states

• Like Black Codes, Jim Crow laws were passed by southern legislatures intended to discriminate against African Americans

• These laws created legal segregation– Like separate schools, water fountains etc…

What does this sign imply?

Stopping someone from votingStopping someone from voting

The Civil War Amendments

13th Amendment:• Bans slavery throughout the United States.

14th Amendment:• Grants citizenship to all persons born in the United States. • Guarantees citizens equal protection of the laws. No state

can deprive any person of life, liberty, or property with due process of law.

• 15th Amendment:• Forbids any state to deny any citizens the right to vote

because of race.

Southerners who Resisted Southerners who Resisted ReconstructionReconstruction

• People who resisted Reconstruction were called “Conservatives”

• A few wealthy planters tried to force African Americans back onto plantations.

• Some secret societies were formed, like the Ku Klux Klan (KKK).– They conducted a campaign of terror and violence to keep African

Americans and white Republicans out of office.

THE EFFECT OF RECONSTRUCTION

1. Was started to rebuild the south without slavery

2. Created bitterness and hatred, causing Black Codes and the KKK to emerge

3. In 1876, Rutherford B. Hayes was elected president ending Reconstruction and pulling all remaining troops out of the south.

4. This allowed the south to continue persecuting African Americans for years to come

5. Plessy v. Ferguson ruled that segregation was legal, allowing separate facilities for blacks and whites

6. South depended less on agriculture and more on industry

SUMMARIZE

DISCUSSION QUESTION

• Why do you think so many African Americans stayed in the south even though they were treated so badly after the Civil War?