Three Point ControlThree Point Control ––Three Point Control Three Point Control Analysis and Analysis and

RecommendationsRecommendations

J. Nigel Ellis J. Nigel Ellis Ph.D., CSP, P.E., CPEPh.D., CSP, P.E., CPE

www.FallSafety.comwww.FallSafety.com1 800 372 77751 800 372 77751.800.372.77751.800.372.7775

PacRim Conference

17th April 2012

What we will discussWhat we will discussWhat we will discuss What we will discuss todaytodaytodaytoday

Climbing, stepping, holding, Climbing, stepping, holding, moving at heightsmoving at heights

“Two hands and one foot then one hand and two feetAnd so on ”And so on …..

“Two Point Control?”

GoalsGoalsGoalsGoals

Gripping Gripping notnot leaningleaningGripping Gripping notnot leaningleaningHolding Holding notnot touchingtouchingH d H d tt t h th b d tt h th b d tHand Hand notnot stomach or other body partstomach or other body partFlat step or rung Flat step or rung notnot crevice for footcrevice for foot

To Help Assure Your Balance!!

Fall Fatalities at Work USAFall Fatalities at Work USASource BLS/OSHASource BLS/OSHA

Fall Height v % Fall DeathsFall Height v % Fall DeathsFall Height v. % Fall DeathsFall Height v. % Fall DeathsUnder 6 ft 1%Under 6 ft 1%U d 10 ft 9%U d 10 ft 9%Under 10 ft 9%Under 10 ft 9%Under 15 ft 20%Under 15 ft 20%Under 20 ft 34%Under 20 ft 34%Under 25 ft 38%Under 25 ft 38%Under 25 ft 38%Under 25 ft 38%Under 30 ft 42%Under 30 ft 42%U d 35 ft 50%U d 35 ft 50%Under 35 ft 50%Under 35 ft 50%

Roofers Union Analysis: 50% fatalities: Harness used but not attached50% fatalities: Harness not used; 100% exposure

Lower Falls have been ignored!

45

506 ft (1,8m) S/A Lanyard

LD50%

30

35

40

.

20

25

30%

Fatal 30%

5

10

15Falls30%

00 10 20 30 40

Fatal Fall Height ft

Fatal Fall Height Cumulative dataSource: OSHA

Focus: Fixed and Portable LaddersFocus: Fixed and Portable LaddersFocus: Fixed and Portable LaddersFocus: Fixed and Portable LaddersHold Rungs or Side Rails?Hold Rungs or Side Rails?ggSize of RungSize of RungSize of StepSize of StepSize of StepSize of StepSide Rail SizeSide Rail Size

Note: Fall Protection Protection regulations apply at the pp ygovernmental trigger points

Fixed LaddersFixed LaddersFixed LaddersFixed Ladders

Always Hold RungsAlways Hold Rungs

Justin Young Ph.D. Thesis 2010Justin Young Ph.D. Thesis 2010NIOSH fundedNIOSH funded

Hand/Handhold DecouplingProcedure:Procedure:1. Step on platform; secure 2. Hold rung or grab bar as directedg g3. Lower platform 2-4 seconds4. Measure maximum force on rung to releaseNote: Fast Fall Arrest System provided

12 Subjects M/F 50%

Full Dissertation http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/84452

Details and Tables by your SmartPhone

Adapted from Young et al, Human Factors Oct 2009

Perform simulated fall: Perform simulated fall:

Human Factors, Oct. 2009

Platform Platform and subject and subject are are lowered lowered slowly, no slowly, no impulseimpulse((14 5 cm/sec14 5 cm/sec) ) (0 5 ft/sec)(0 5 ft/sec)((14.5 cm/sec14.5 cm/sec) ) (0.5 ft/sec)(0.5 ft/sec)

Posture passively Posture passively stabilizes stabilizes upperupper--limb limb joints joints joints joints

Body weight provides Body weight provides external loadexternal load

99

Ladder Fall Simulation a and bLadder Fall Simulation a and bLadder Fall Simulation a and bLadder Fall Simulation a and b

Hold Platform l d

Isometric Grab Bar

lowered: 2-4 secs

Low High

Rung andRung and SiderailSiderail SimulationSimulationRung and Rung and SiderailSiderail SimulationSimulation

64x10mm Jamar25mm dia: Siderail Grip

Strength

25mm dia: Rung Siderail.

Result: RungsResult: Rungs SideRailsSideRailsResult: Rungs Result: Rungs SideRailsSideRails

Roof Hatches 1Roof Hatches 1Roof Hatches 1Roof Hatches 1

Walk In and Walk In and Walk Out

PS Doors

Roof Hatches 2Roof Hatches 2Roof Hatches 2Roof Hatches 2

Portable LaddersPortable LaddersPortable LaddersPortable LaddersCommercial

Residential

Top view on ResidentialTop view on Residential ReRoofReRoofTop view on Residential Top view on Residential ReRoofReRoof

Achieves 3 ft Projection (OSHA)AES Raptor

Achieves 3 ft Projection (OSHA)Adds 3 ft to any Portable LadderWalk Through each directionWalk Through each directionCompatible with most Stand-Offs

Stair Rails:Stair Rails:Continuous Sliding Grip PossibleContinuous Sliding Grip PossibleContinuous Sliding Grip PossibleContinuous Sliding Grip Possible

Two stair rails Hand required for Three Point Control height 42”

Hand does not leave stair rail height 42 ,

44-60” apartstair rail

Protection for falls down stairs: Two hands and one foot with

alternating feet

Flatbed TrailersFlatbed TrailersFlatbed TrailersFlatbed Trailers

Flatbed Trailer AccessFlatbed Trailer AccessLocks into rubrail

Tank Truck Tank Truck catwalkscatwalks

Two hands Two hands and one foot repeated repeated with each step …..step …..

Standfastusa.com

Summary:Summary:Summary:Summary:Design Rules for Climbing:g gAll handholds should be horizontalFooting should be flat and horizontalgNever hold side rails of ladders

Application at Heights:Always hold ladder rungsAlways hold ladder rungsHold stair rails

Result: Fewer fall injuries & deaths

QuestionsQuestionsQuestionsQuestions

J. Nigel Ellis: nigel@FallSafety.comJ. Nigel Ellis: nigel@FallSafety.com

Slides provided to Nigel Ellis for Slides provided to Nigel Ellis for p gp gpresentation on Three Point Control presentation on Three Point Control Analysis and Recommendations, 10/19/11, Analysis and Recommendations, 10/19/11, A+A/ISFP Dusseldorf GermanyA+A/ISFP Dusseldorf GermanyAnd And PacRimPacRim Conference, Honolulu 4/17/12Conference, Honolulu 4/17/12,,Taken from:Taken from:

Young, JG (2011Young, JG (2011) ) Biomechanics Biomechanics of hand/handhold of hand/handhold coupling and coupling and factors affecting the capacity to hang on. factors affecting the capacity to hang on. Doctoral dissertationDoctoral dissertation, , University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MIUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

YoungYoung, JG; Woolley, CB; Armstrong, TJ. (2010). Effect of , JG; Woolley, CB; Armstrong, TJ. (2010). Effect of handhold orientation, size, and wearing gloves on the ability to handhold orientation, size, and wearing gloves on the ability to , , g g y, , g g yhang on. (presentation) hang on. (presentation) International Conference on Fall International Conference on Fall Protection and Prevention 2010Protection and Prevention 2010. Morgantown, WV. . Morgantown, WV.