Forage Development Program in Dairy Demo Farms In KPSP Saluyu Kuningan & KPGS Cikajang Garut

Luki Abdullah & Co Daatselar

In Site Condition of Feed Condition before DIFS-Lives Project

• Concentrate portion in ration was very high as compensation to less available high forage quality

• Fluctuated production & quality forage due to season

– Unstable nutrient intake

– High use of rice straw & tofu waste

• Farmers have limited knowledge in high quality forage varieties

• Forage production has not been systemized – low availability

– Farmers look for grass to the far & lose time to take care of cows

– Farmers do not calculate the cost for labor & transportation

• Forage preservation had not been applied

• Farmers need additional knowledge about production management & forage processing

In Site Condition of Feed Condition before DIFS-Lives Project

DIFS-Lives Forage Development Programs

• Objectives :

– Introduce forge species that profitable for farmer,

– Implement efficient forage production & nursery management in limited land

– Training of Trainer for farmers

– Implement forage preservation (silage)

– Develop management production & business of silage at coops and farmer levels

Activities of Forage Development Programs

1. Identify forage supply in site

2. Test forage species & select the suitable species for farmers & dairy cattle

3. Production of selected forage species in larger scale

4. Production of forage plant materials for multiplication

5. Training (forage production, silage making)

6. Silage production and business

7. Equipment & operational assistance for forage production & silage

Provision of equipment for forage & silage production

• Forage seed plants (9 spesies)

• Operasional budget for forage plant nursery

• 320 blue drums for silo

• 6 pcs mobile chopper

• 6 pcs silage press tool

• Introduce forage seeds

Introduction of forage species

• 9 species planted & selected – suitable for farming management

Saluyu

Cikajang

Land preparation

Forage Plant Plots in Demo Farm

Forage Evaluation in Demo Farm

Forage plantsDM Production

(ton ha-1)

Cumulative

Production DM

(ton ha-1 tahun-1)

Saluyu

Indigofera 5.36 ± 0.13 49.3 ± 1.20

Mulato 6.00 ± 0.12 55.2 ± 1.10

Odot 4.18 ± 0.59 38.5 ± 5.15

RG. Taiwan 8.82 ± 0.06 81.1 ± 0.55

Cikajang

Indigofera 5.53 ± 0.31 53.1 ± 2.98

Mulato 7.11 ± 0.39 68.3 ± 3.74

Odot 6.57 ± 0.14 63.1 ± 1.34

RG. Taiwan 6.26 ± 0.46 60.1 ± 4.42

Average & Cumulative Selected Forage Production

Forages

Nutrient Content (%)

DM Ash EE CP CF NFE TDN*

Kuningan

Indigofera 20.03 10.80 1.32 32.91 13.46 41.51 78.22

Mulato 19.51 15.61 1.17 10.51 28.32 44.39 51.41

Odot 19.25 16.79 1.00 12.35 23.72 46.14 52.92

RG. Taiwan

22.12 14.26 1.06 9.35 26.68 48.65 51.90

Garut

Indigofera 26.18 11.02 1.63 28.50 12.66 46.19 74.58

Mulato 20.51 9.87 1.79 9.25 32.77 46.33 51.79

Odot 20.40 15.90 1.67 13.28 27.45 41.69 52.81

RG. Taiwan

20.12 13.87 1.37 11.45 26.66 46.64 53.31

Average Nutrient Content of Selected Forage in Saluyu & Cikajang

Training for Farmers Saluyu & Cikajang

Silage Making in Saluyu Using Blue Drums Silo

Silage Making in Cikajang Using Blue Drums

• At begining requirement of corn stover 4-5 ton, Agustus 2017 60 ton

• In Saluyu cooperative manages silage materials supply• Some farmers purchase & grow corn for silage• Number and type of silo increase

Silage Evaluation

• Seeds procurement• Being evaluated, some of seeds are

distributed to farmer in Saluyu & Cikajang• Mulato seeds was not perform in

germination <30%

In site ration system in Cigeureung, Kuningan

MULATO GRASS – energy, mineral

INDIGOFERA –protein, mineral, vit

NAPIER GRASS CV. TAIWAN – energy, vit

Sorghum trial

Student Community Service in Garut

Forage Plant Material development & Forage Utilization

Feed Development Program Impact

Before Project

• High used of rice straw led to high concentrate portion (in efficient feed cost)

• Farmers recognized only elephant & local grass

• Farmer looked for grass from the far away

• Never known silage, lack of forage during drought season

After Project

• Demo farms use selected grass & silage instead of rice straw (reduce use of rice straw) –reduce concentrate

• Farmers understand the significants of 9 forage plants and select 4 superior forages,

• Farmers have their own forage garden

• Farmer has stock of preserved forage (corn silage)

Before Project

• Estrus periode after partus70-120 days

• Pregnancy rate (3-4 heads from 10 heads)-- Kuningan

• Placenta was hard to get out 3-5 days after partus(stink, infection)

• Feed bank always dirty, feed rest

• Low margin due to high feed cost

• Low milk production persistence (5-6 month)

• No inspiring farmer in feed improvement

Setelah proyek

• Estrus post partus shorter (50-60 days

• Pregnancy rate increase (6-8 heads of 10 (pak Suta, pakIwan)

• Placenta out 2-5 hours after partus

• Feed bank clean ( if silage is given)

• Sapi lebih sehat dan sejahtera• Increase revenue Rp. 300-900

thousands/lact cow/month• Milk production periode

longer 7-8 months) with still high milk production

• There are farmers inspire others to improve feeding management

Economics of whole plant maize, green concentrate and making of silage

Focus on whole plant maize and Indigofera

• Whole plant maize is useful:– In dry season when less or even no fresh grass is

available• In most cases maize as maize silage

– If time is too limited to collect enough fresh grass• Both green maize and maize silage possible

• Indigofera is rich in crude protein (CP)– Good combination with maize: maize has high energy

content (TDN) but low CP

• Maize and Indigofera are quite stable in quality

Quality maize and Indigofera compared with some other fodders

Fodder % DM % TDN in DM

% CP in DM

Price in IDR / kg

Price in IDR/kg CP

Rice Straw 35 30 4.5 300 19,048

King grass young 15 61 12 300 16,667

Maize silage 30 68 7 800 38,095

Green chopped maize 30 69 8 720 30,000

Tofu waste 16 75 21 600 17,857

Low quality concentrate 90 73 12 2600 21,667

Indigofera 90 75 24 4000 16,667

High quality concentrate 90 77 19 4050 21,316

Corn Gluten Feed 90 80 21 4500 21,429

Soybean meal 90 80 42 7000 16,667

Information sources for the economic calculations on whole plant maize and Indigofera

• Whole plant maize:

– Crop growing: Pioneer, Pak Akhmad (Cikajang)

– Silage making: Coop Malang, field data

• Maize corn + stover: Pioneer, Pak Akhmad (Cikajang)

• Indigofera: IPB Bogor (Pak Luki), Pak Eko (Garut)

Gross margin calculation

• Variable costs:

– seeds (maize)

– fertilizer + pesticides

– labour for harvest

– other labour (land cultivation, planting, crop care)

– For dried Indigofera also transport to dryer, labour and material during drying

• Fixed costs

– Seedlings Indigofera

– Labour land cultivation and planting Indigofera

– Part of fertilizer for Indigofera

– No costs for land (rent) included

Gross margin calculation whole plant maize

1 ha maize,1 harvest

Amount Unit Unit price(IDR)

Total amount(1,000 IDR)

Costs

Seed 20 bags 60,000 1,200

Fertilizer + pesticides 4,550

Labour excl. Harvest 48 man-days 100,000 4,800

Labour harvest 12.5 man-days 100,000 1,250

Total costs kg 358

Revenues 33,000 kg 600 19,800

Gross margin cropgrower

ha 8,000

Gross margin calculation Indigofera (1)

• Less experience and data available than with other crops, so figures less certain

• Each four years replanting• In first year 8 harvests, in other years 9 harvests

– So 35 harvests in 4 years

• Yield in first year 55-60% of yield in later years• Variation in yield of fresh product per harvest:

– 20 ton/ha is possible (good growing conditions)

– 12 ton/ha rather comparable with same types of crops, e.g. Leucaena

• Yield (mass) of dried product is 25% of fresh yield– Some losses during drying so yield dried product is set at 22% of fresh

product

Gross margin calculation Indigofera (2)• Gross margin after first year (plants in full production)1 ha Indigofera,1 harvest

Amount Unit Unit price(IDR)

Total amount(1,000 IDR)

Costs

Seedlings (1 / 35) 10,000 apiece 1,800 514

Fertiliser + pesticides 228

Labour excl. harvest 4.2 man-days 100,000 420

Labour harvest 3 man-days 100,000 300

Transport and drying 2,640 kg 1,135 2,696

Total costs kg 1,575 4,158

Revenues 2,640 kg 3,500 9,240

Gross margin cropgrower

ha 5,082

Gross margin calculation Indigofera (3)• Gross margin calculations for different yields per harvest

– Selling price fresh/green product: 400 IDR/kg– Selling price dried product: 3,500 IDR/kg

• Margins per single harvest:

• xx

Fresh/green product Dried product

Yield/ha kg Margin/ha (1,000 IDR)

Margin/kg (IDR)

Yield/ha kg Margin/ha (1,000 IDR)

Margin/kg (IDR)

8,000 1,739 217 1,760 2,852 1,620

12,000 3,339 278 2,640 5,082 1,925

20,000 6,539 327 4,400 9,545 2,169

Gross margin per year for crop grower (1)

• Number of 2.5 harvests/year for whole plant maize to ensure quality; maize corn + stover set at 2 harvests/year

• Maize for corn + stover has lower margin than whole plant maize– 6,000 kg corn at 2,500 IDR/kg; 27,000 kg stover, 200 IDR/kg

• Labour costs included in margins at 100,000 IDR per man-day

Margin per harvest(1000

IDR/ha)

Harvestsper year

Man-days

labourper year

Gross margin/ha

/year(1000 IDR)

Maize whole plant 8,000 2.5 151 20,000

Maize corn + stover 5,980 2 174 11,960

Indigofera fresh (12 t) 3,339 35 / 4 65 30,053

Indigofera dried (2.6 t) 5,082 35 / 4 80 45,745

TERIMA KASIH