force table

8/12/2019 Force Table

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Vectors and the Force Table

STUDENT OUTCOMES

Through this experiment, students will learn:

- Vector analysis- Resultant vs equilibrant vectors- Experimental errors

- Statistical nalysis

scalar is a physical quantity that possesses magnitude only!

Examples o" scalar quantities are mass, time density, andtemperature! vector is a quantity that possesses both magnitude and

direction# examples o" vector quantities are velocity, acceleration and"orce! vector can be represented by an arrow pointing in the

direction o" the vector, the length o" the line should be proportional tothe magnitude o" the vector!Vectors can be added either graphically or analytically! The sum or

RESULTANTo" two or more vectors is a single vector which producesthe same e""ect! $or example, i" two or more "orces act at a certain

point, their resultant is that "orce which, i" applied at that point, has

the same e""ect as the two separate "orces acting together! TheEQUILIBRANT is de"ined as the "orce equal and opposite to the

resultant!Those two concepts o" resultantand equilibrantvectors are the

%eys to this experiment! &lease spend some time practicing your

vector addition 'resultant( using the graphical applet at:

http:))www*!hawaii!edu)+pseng)labs)applets)Vectors)index!html

n this applet, the green line has no direction! ence, the direction

o" this line "rom the origin to the blue vector is the resultant vectorwhile the equilibrant is the vector pointing "rom the blue vector bac% to


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the origin! Remember that both resultant and equilibrant vectors havethe same magnitude but opposite direction!

The "orce table is an apparatus that allows the experimental

determination o" the resultant o" "orce vectors! The rim o" the circular

table is calibrated in degrees! $orces are applied to a ring around ametal peg at the center o" the table by means o" strings! The strings

extend over pulleys clamped to the table and are attached to hangers!The direction o" the "orces may be ad.usted by moving the position o"

the pulleys! The magnitude o" the "orces are ad.usted by adding or

removing masses to the hangers!The "orces used on the "orce table are actually weights, or

mgW =

n this exercise, we will simply consider the /"orce/ as the mass that is

hung on the string, that is, we will not multiply the mass by theacceleration due to gravity!

n this experiment, two methods "or vector addition will be used: the

graphical method 'head to tail method( and the experimental method'using the "orce table(!

MATERIALS

Tablet &0 0omputer 1aptop $orce Table, pulleys, hangers,masses

Excel 2ord

3icroso"t &aint Ruler

&rotractor

PROCEDURE

4! Vector addition 4: To "ind the resultant o" two "orces: a *55 g "orce

at 67 degrees and a *55 g "orce at 487 degrees!a! &lace one pulley at 67 degrees and the other at 487 degrees!b! 9n each string at runs over these pulleys, place a mass o" *55g

'including hanger - each hanger has a mass o" 75 g(!c! 2ith a third pulley and masses, balance the "orces exerted by the

two *55 g masses! The "orces are balanced when the ring is

centered around the central metal peg! To balance the "orces,move the third pulley around to "ind the direction o" the


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balancing "orce, and then add masses to the third hanger untilthe ring is centered!

d! The balancing "orce obtained in 'c( is the equilibrant "orce! Theresultant has the same magnitude as the equilibrant! To

determine the direction o" the resultant, subtract 45 degrees

"rom the direction o" the equilibrant!

*! Vector ddition *: " one "orce o" 475 g is directed at *5 degreesand another "orce o" *55 g is directed at 5 degrees, what is the

resultant vector;

a!


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'ectors &i'en( the resultant 'ector, Finally( include the scalethat you chose,

8! The relationship between the resultant and the equilibrant is given

at the beginning o" this experiment!

force table

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