forces and newton’s second law. what is a force? what are the 2 categories of forces? what are 7...
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Forces and Newton’s
Second Law
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What is a force?What are the 2 categories of forces?What are 7 kinds of forces we have learned so far?
A Review of Forces
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What type(s) of force is shown here?
Contact force: applied force
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What type(s) of force is shown here?
Non-contact force: magnetic force
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What type(s) of force is shown here?
Contact forces: applied force & friction
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What type(s) of force is shown here?
Contact force:
Non-contact force: force of gravity
drag
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What type(s) of force is shown here?
Contact force: Non-contact force: force of gravitythe normal force
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Types of ForcesContact forces: interactions between objects that touch
Non-contact forces: attract or repel, even from a distance
applied force
drag force
magnetic force
electric force
gravitational force
spring force
frictional force
normal force
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A force is a push, pull or twistApplying a force can change an object’s velocity.
Newtons!What is the scientific unit of forces?
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What is Newton’s first law?Give some examples of Newton’s first law.
Acceleration is a change in velocity.What is acceleration?
Applying a force can change an object’s velocity.
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Newton’s Second Law of Motion
An object’s acceleration depends on:• the strength of the unbalanced force acting on it• the mass of the object
a = Fm
forcemass
acceleration
F = maMore commonly written as:
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Newton’s Second LawPull on each wagon as hard as you can, applying the same force…
m
m
Fa
a
F
F=ma
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Mass vs. Weight—A Goldilocks StoryMass is the amount of matter an object containsWeight is a gravitational force; a measure of how strongly gravity pulls on an objectYour weight depends on the strength of gravity:
F = m × aForce = m×g
Force = m×g
Force = m×g
Jupiter
Earth
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So weight changes depending on where you are:
On Earth, acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2
It’s only 1.6 m/s2 on the Moon,
On Jupiter, acceleration due to gravity is 26 m/s2
F = m × a
F = m × a
F = m × a
Mass vs. Weight—A Goldilocks Story
m
m
m
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Atwood Machine
You can use an Atwood machine to measure frictional forces and the force of gravity
Equal masses, at different heights:
What happens when I let go?Use what you know about forces and Newton’s first and second laws of motion!
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Concept Review1. Newton’s second law can be written mathematically as:
_____________ = _____________ x _____________.
2. From Newton’s second law, an object’s acceleration depends on the object’s _______ and the strength of the ___________ _____ acting on it.
3. Your _____________ will be different on other planets because the acceleration due to gravity is different.
4. BONUS: What are some examples of engineering designs that must consider Newton’s second law of motion?
force
unbalanced forcemass
weight
mass acceleration
The design of vehicles, structures, products…