foreign policies of the 1920s
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Foreign Policies of the 1920s. The way the US interacts with the world post WWI. Learning Target:. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Foreign Policies of the 1920s
The way the US interacts with the world post WWI
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Learning Target:
• The US foreign policy during the 1920s was the idea of doing the least amount possible in foreign affairs with the purpose of preventing/avoiding future wars. (i.e. not joining the League of Nations, Dawes, Washington Conference, Kellogg Briand Pact).
• America changes from interventionist to isolationist policies with the purpose of “returning to “normalcy”, meaning focusing on America’s concerns.
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1. The Dawes Plan
• influence European economies without direct government intervention
• Post WWI – Allies owed the US $10 Billion – could not repay unless Germany repaid their $30 billion debt
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1. The Dawes Plan
• Germany defaulted on it’s payments in Dec 1922 and Jan 1923, the French marched into Germany’s Ruhr valley. To avoid another war, the US stepped in.
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1. The Dawes Plan
• US sent Charles G. Dawes (wealthy Chicago banker) to negotiate loans from private American banks to Germany and set up a new payment schedule. These negotiations became known as the Dawes Plan.
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1. The Dawes Plan
• US banks loaned Germany 2.5 Billion – Germany could pay the Allies, Allies could now pay the US government
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1. The Dawes Plan
• Outcome = This only helped with a fraction that was owed, but it avoided another war
• The US became the most powerful country in the world
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2. The Washington Conference
• - November 1921, nine nations met at the Washington Naval Conference to discuss disarmament – limitation or reduction of weapons. Led by Hughes – US Secretary of State.
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2. The Washington Conference
Outcome – three major treaties were signed• 1. the US, GB, Japan, FR, and IT pledged to
limit the number of their largest ships and stop constructing new ships
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2. The Washington Conference
2. GB and US = keep 500,000 tons of ships each, Japan 300,000 tons, France and Italy = 167,000 tons – Japan not happy – called the 5:5:3 – “Rolls-Royce, Rolls-Royce, Ford.” Only agreed if American and GB would not build new naval bases on the western Pacific islands.
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2. The Washington Conference
3. Japan promised to respect China’s sovereignty and independence.
• US concerns about Japanese power and ambitions in the Pacific….
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3. The Kellogg-Briand Act
• Two-nation pact by France’s foreign minister – Aristide Briand – goal was to outlaw war and create a world treaty.
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3. Kellogg – Briand Pact
• 14 Nations initially signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 – the treaty declared war illegal, but did not include punishments for future attackers
• Purpose was to end US military entanglements with Europe.
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4. Relations with Latin America
• US wanted to protect its interests in Latin America
• Business firms continued their search for markets and raw materials
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4. Relations with Latin America
• By 1924, the US controlled 14/20 Latin American countries
• US felt that it was their right to extend its civilization south of the border
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4. Relations with Latin America
• After WWI, US removed some military in Central America, but kept troops where the US had high interest – ex) Nicaragua – US bankers and policy makers essentially controlled the economy
• By 1929, American policymakers began to recognize that US troops in Latin America created resentment abroad and criticism at home.