foreign students affirmative - northwestern 2015

7/25/2019 Foreign Students Affirmative - Northwestern 2015

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Student Visas Af


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NotesSurveillance is deterring foreign students from entering the US, and theres twoways to solve this1) There is a generic solvency advocate that is like, the USF should su!stantiallycurtail surveillance on foreign students in the US"# The solvency evidence for that isvery generic"$) % more s&eci'c solvency mechanism would !e to curtail S(*S" S(*S is asurveillance &rogram and it stands for Student and (+change isitor *nformationSystem" S(*S is a com&uteried system that surveils foreign students in US" The-ureau of *mmigration and .ustoms (nforcement /*.() im&lements S(*S"


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***Case***


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PlanThe United States Federal Government should repeal the

Student & Exhan!e Visitor "n#ormation S$stem%


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AC


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"nnovation

Advanta!e 'ne( "nnovation

Current surveillane poli$ deters international students #romomin! to the United StatesCiment and )adilo+s,i -. 0ames .iment, highly e+&erienced writer, editor, &roducer, and&u!lisher of &rint !ooks, e!ooks, data!ases, and digital content with an e+tensive list of critically acclaimed&u!lications", 0ohn adilowski, history teacher, %merican *mmigration2 %n (ncyclo&edia of 3olitical, Social, and.ultural (+change,# outledge, 4ar 15, $617

overnment actions after the 8911 attacks had a negative im&act on those living inthe United States as immigrants or noncitien s":uring the 'rst year after 8911" the e+&andedde'nitions of ;terrorist; and


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Security %ct, and the isa (ntry eform %ct facilitated the federal governmentsrestrictive immigration &olicies and the im&lementation in $66J of the controversialStudent and (+change isitors *nformation System /S(*S), administered !y the new :e&artment of AomelandSecurity /o&erations were still :S res&onsi!ility)"KJ %s itt states, the entire landsca&e ofinternational education in the US shi#ted dramatiall$ #rom a posture o#

reruitment to one o# determent , #rom reeptive to suspiious. #rom

hospita/le to hostile 2 "KL The glo!al war on terrorism re&laced the cold war as

the national security meta narrative#"K7 This +as a time o# risis in "E +ith the

U%S% experienin! its 3rst su/stantial drop in #orei!n students #or the 3rst

time in over 01 $ears% Such a dro& was not e+&erienced even during the cold

war" This drop severel$ impated U%S% universities who were !oth de&endenton foreign graduate students for advanced research in the ST(4 'elds as well as onrevenues from international student fees"The advocacy grou&s urged thegovernment to strike an a&&ro&riate !alance !etween the conMicting demands ofstrengthening homeland security and maintaining o&enness to the world#"K@*nternational &rograms, they suggested were an investment in the nations security" 3owerfulindustrialists9!usiness 'gures like -ill ates su&&orted the need for %merica towelcome foreign students to strengthen its innovation ca&acity and glo!alcom&etitiveness" -oth national security and glo!al economic com&etition wereidenti'ed as im&ortant rationales and the secure !orders, o&en doors# cam&aigncame to dominate the *( &olicy discourse" *( faced a uniNuely challenging and&arado+ical environment#K5 !ecause there was !i&artisan &olitical su&&ort for *( and in s&ite of thefederal &ers&ective of *( as a risk to national security, in 4ay $66$, the -ush administration announced legislationto signi'cantly increase funding for e+change &rograms" The .ultural -ridges %ct of $66$ authoried O87million9year from $66J


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re&ort from the Gational Foundation for %merican 3olicy /GF%3) argues" *t will come as nosur&rise to o!servers of graduate education that the re&ort documents the fact that foreign students makeu& the ma?ority of enrollments in U"S" graduate &rograms in many ST(4 'elds,accounting for 56"J &ercent of all full


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The STE5 risis is real% ;est studies ans+er ne!ativear!uments to the ontrar$)osen 0/Cinda osen, .(= X change the eNuation, The Truth Aurts2 The ST(4 .risis *s Gota 4yth#, Se&tem!er 11th, $61J, Au>ngton 3ost,

htt&299www"hu>ngton&ost"com9linda


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ST(4 stood at ?ust over L &ercent, well less than the 8"J &ercent unem&loymentrates for non


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and minority youth who have not received a solid grounding in ST(4 and therefore have almost no chance to en?oythe !ene'ts of a ST(4 career" For those youth in &articular, the ST(4 crisis is unfortunately all too real"

< senarios99

Senario one is 6armin!

Amerian sienti3 leadership on !lo/al +armin! is ritial tosolvin! !lo/al +armin!5elter and =an!le$ 11

/0esse, Aegemonic Sta!ility Theory2 %n (m&irical %nalysis#, 7


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Collapse o# unipolarit$ auses nulear !reat po+er +ar andturns ever$ !eopolitial hotspot%ndrea (" Variso 0, 3h":" candidate at the 3ost


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rest of the world/Sultan Auntley)" % war !etween 3akistan and *ndia, !oth nuclear states,

could result inan %rmageddonfor the whole %sia" %n attack from the:emocratic 3eo&les e&u!licof orea /:3) on 0a&an or South orea will trigger an immediate reaction from the USand anuclear &roliferation domino eBect in (ast %sia# /Auntley, 5$7)"Terrorists armed with nuc learwea&ons could wreak havocand target the heart of the most &owerful countries of the world /-unn andier)" *ran, 3akistan, :3, terrorist grou&s will rarely !e great &owers or &oles in a future multi


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em&loying 166,666 or more), the &ercentage retirement eligi!le is already 1K"@ &ercent" e are e+&eriencinga shortage of ST(4 workers today, !ut the &ro!lem

Stron! aerospae ,e$ to deter he!emon$ +arsespeiall$ in a+orld +here )ussia and China are de3nite hallen!ers

6or, -.-o! ork, :e&uty Secretary of :efense, %G: .or&oration, .hina %eros&ace Studies *nstitute,#

US de&artment of :efense, 0une $$, $617, htt&299www"defense"gov9S&eeches9S&eech"as&+HS&eech*:]187$

Gow letVs face it, in my view, we are at an e+tremely &ivotal moment in the &ostcult military challenge, which will stress us"Gow, the 'rst &art,after factions in.rimea and (astern Ukraine, its nuclear sa!er rattling, and its &rovocative andaggressively


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where a rising &ower interacts with the esta!lished &ower, 16 have ended in war "Gow, .hina itself is very keenly aware of this historical dynamic" *n its new militarystrategy, it states ;international com&etition for the redistri!ution of &ower, rights,and interests is tending to intensify"; :=: must therefore hedge against thisinternational com&etition turning more heated" Gow, for the longest time weVvealways felt that the !est way to hedge against an overt military com&etition or even

une+&ected clashes with any large state &ower, is for the United States to have a strongnuclear and conventional deterrent &osture" %nd this &osture demands three things2 'rst, wehave to overmatch any &otential com&etitor in the military technical realm" Second,we have to maintain the a!ility to &ro?ect &ower across transoceanic distances anddefeat any com&etitorVs attem&t to &ro?ect &ower over intra or intercult" Eou hear this term all the time, %$9%:, anti


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?oint com!ined arms o&erations" %nd !ecause of its ra&id glo!al mo!ility, air &owerwill likely !e the 'rst on the scene in any une+&ected crisis in the future"

Airpo+er is neessar$ to prevent "ran #rom losin! the strait o#Dormu;o$nton B/.olin< C.: in US Gavy, =3(%T*=GS T= :(F(%T *%G*%G 4%*T*4( T%:( *GT(:*.T*=G,#Gaval ar .ollege, L97968, :T*., www"dtic"mil9cgi

This is not to say that the U"S" military should do nothing if *ran !egins attacking oil tankers in theStrait of Aormu"*t /th e US) should sim&ly utilie its most advantageous militarystrength to 'rst su!stantially decrease *rans sea denial ca&a!ilities!efore attem&ting togain even the tem&orary sea control in the Strait of Aormu reNuired for convoy escort"This strength ismassive air&owe r" *ran has very little to counter this, as it is lacking credi!le 'ghteraircraft and surface to air defenses /!y western standards)"JJThe U"S" shouldkee& its warshi&soutside the reach of the synergistic coastal *ranian threat and instead utilie air&owerand economic eBectsto defeat the *ranian strategy of drawing the U"S" into a littoral 'ght " *t may seem that the&atience reNuired !y this &ro&osed o&erational design could !ecome unhinged !y the &ressure of &u!lic o&inion, inthat the United States could !e seen to !e shying away from a 'ght while civilians died in droves" The reality wouldlikely !e somewhat diBerent" C..s are in some critical ways far less susce&ti!le to the damage mechanismsutilied !y the *ranians than are warshi&s" *t is likely the *ranians could carry out attacks on C..s at will !ut in&ractice, such attacks are unlikely to &revent the tankers from com&leting their transits" C..s are huge vesselsthat dis&lace $66,666 to J$7,666 tons they have thick dou!le hulls and modern 're su&&ression systems and whenladen are 'lled with a com&artmentalied and relatively inert, !uoyant su!stance"# JL This can !e com&ared to anaircraft carriers 85,666 tons of dis&lacement or a cruisers 8,@66 tons of dis&lacement and the generally single hullconstruction of warshi&s" J7 =f the $J8 tankers attacked 1@ during the tanker wars, only 77 /$J &ercent) werelost,# and these were mostly much smaller vessels than C..s and single hulled" J@ :ue to economic factors, theU"S" seems to have time on its side" For the *ranian gam!it to work, it must force the U"S" Gavy to attem&t to&enetrate an intact *ranian sea denial eBort with warshi&s !efore the maritime trade interru&tion reduces the*ranian economy to sham!les" The United States does not need to immediately res&ond with warshi&s in the Straitand national interests are !est served if it does not" .=G.CUS*=GS The Strait of Aormu is the &erfect &hysicalenvironment for the e+ecution of sea denial" *ts con'ned waters allow for even relatively short


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3ersian ulf" :uring $611, the daily Mow of oil through the Strait of Aormu was 15 million !arrels, which wasthe vast ma?ority of 3ersian ulf oil and almost $6 &ercent of glo!al &roduction"JKThe greatestdanger is now &osed !y *ran, which in $611 threatened to close the Strait of Aormu in retaliation for U"S"and (uro&ean sanctions designed to severely reduce *rans oil revenueJ8 the sanctions are intended to convince*ran to forgo its nuclear wea&ons &rogram" %lthough concerns a!out *ran &ossi!ly closing the strait are long STE5

"nternational students are ,e$ to STE5)edden 0 /(lia!eth edden, .orres&ondent at *nside Aigher (d, covering the

internationaliation of higher education, Foreign Student :e&endence#, 0uly 1$

th

,$61J, *nside Aigher (d, htt&s299www"insidehighered"com9news9$61J96591$9newcult to attract students to U"S" &rograms with attractive funding &ackages"# .S data on a&&lications to U"S"graduate schools released in %&ril show that total international a&&lications grew !y a meager 1 &ercent this year

and that there were actually dro&s in a&&lications from certain key sending countries, including .hina /


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Foreign students are considered technical !rain&ower, whooften enroll inacademic&rograms in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics PDJL@Q /ST(4)" n11 Scholars and educators foundthat among the ma?or develo&ed countries and the newly industrialied countries, the United States ranksnear the !ottom in mathematics and science achievement among eighth graders"

n1$ Therefore reruitin! #orei!n students improves the overall :ualit$ o# ne+

siene and en!ineerin! 3h":"s !y drawing on a wider range of talented students

who !ecome the key contri!utors in driving the knowledge

also arise !ecause foreign students, ;while enrolled in schools, are an im&ortant &art of theworkforce at those institutions, &articularly at large research universities"; n15 Theyusually work as research assistants &roviding skilled assistance or research la!or in thescienti'c la!s, or as teaching assistants to hel& faculty grade undergraduatesV homework and sometimes teachundergraduate classes" n1K %ccording to -or?as, these students PDJL5Q &lay the same role in sta>ng the researchla!s of %merican universities that 4e+ican illegal workers &lay in sta>ng the vast agricultural 'elds of .alifornia"

-oth grou&s of workers enter the country, su!stantially increase the su&&ly of workers, !utlower wagesin their res&ective occu&ations, and increase the &ro'ts and economic resourcesof the com&anies that hire them" n18 For those students who have to 'nance theirstudiesin the United States, they &ay full tuitionand the higher education sector has !ecome increasinglyde&endent on the high tuition fees &aid !y foreign students" n$6 %ccording to a $667 study conducted !y the*nstitute of *nternational (ducation, there were 7@7,6J8 international students studying in the United States, and

the net ontri/ution o# #orei!n students to the national eonom$ is

approximatel$ 0%0 /illion 4ust throu!h their tuition expenditure and

livin! expenses% n$1 These num!ers show the im&ortant role &layed !y international students insu&&orting the higher education institutions


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AT( STE5 =o+

The STE5 risis is real( this ard ans+ers a ma4orit$ o# their+arrants. and spei3all$ re#utes their Charette ard

)osen 0/Cinda osen, .(= X change the eNuation, The Truth Aurts2 The ST(4 .risis *s Gota 4yth#, Se&tem!er 11th, $61J, Au>ngton 3ost,htt&299www"hu>ngton&ost"com9linda


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the data, which tell a dramatically diBerent story2 Y % .hange the (Nuation study found that,even in the sluggish years !etween $668 and $61$, there were nearly two ST(4


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'rst century" Eet that crisis is at the heart of the ST(4 worker shortage" (m&loyersof all stri&es are looking for &eo&le with strong ST(4 knowledge and skills, !ut theU"S" talent &ool is currently too shallow to meet their needs" The conseNuences of thisshortage are not merely economically devastating" They are devastating to the &ros&ects of millions of low


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STE5 O> Comp

STE5 diretl$ lin,s to US eonom$%Pham and Triantis 8-P67918917 Gam :" 3ham and %le+is 0 " Triantis, 3h: in economics, eaching the Full3otential of ST(4 for omen and the U"S" (conomy,#htt&299www"uscham!erfoundation"org9re&orts9reaching


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with skilled and creative workers"@ % formal ST(4 education leads to a higher degreeof critical thinking and an im&rovement in &ro!lemcom&etitiveness in ST(4 education and the com&le+, restrictive nature of U"S"immigration &olicies are contri!uting to an environment where the %merican ST(4system may no longer !e a!le to comforta!ly remain the &remier destination for theworlds to& international students"

=a, o# STE5 retention hurts Amerian CompetitivenessGordon and ;o, >/-art ordon and Carry -ock, former :emocratic 4em!er of the Aouse from

Tennessee and e+ecutive director of the US% Science R (ngineering Festival,ordon, -ock2 ST(4 (ducation *s ey to a .om&etitive %merica#, %&ril $5th, $61$,ollcall, htt&299www"rollcall"com9news9ordon


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$8 at the alter (" ashington .onvention .enter was created" This weekend, hundreds of thousands of&artici&ants will gather at the ashington .onvention .enter for what &romises to !e %mericas largest cele!ration

of science" *n his $616 State of the Union address, 3resident -arack =!ama said, The 'rst ste& in winningthe future is encouraging %merican innovation"#:iscussing the inaugural US% Science and(ngineering Festival, Aouse Science, S&ace and Technology .hairman al&h Aall /


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China

Spei3all$. US deline in eonomi ompetitiveness tri!!ersUS9Sino he!emon$ +arit8s the tippin! pointdeterrene

solves onit no+. /ut US po+er is slippin! throu!h variousonits=ampton -/:avid 4" Cam&ton, Ayman 3rofessor and :irector of S%*S


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Aerospae


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"ntl student O> STE5

"nternational students are ,e$ to STE5)edden 0 /(lia!eth edden, .orres&ondent at *nside Aigher (d, covering the

internationaliation of higher education, Foreign Student :e&endence#, 0uly 1$

th

,$61J, *nside Aigher (d, htt&s299www"insidehighered"com9news9$61J96591$9newcult to attract students to U"S" &rograms with attractive funding &ackages"# .S data on a&&lications to U"S"graduate schools released in %&ril show that total international a&&lications grew !y a meager 1 &ercent this year

and that there were actually dro&s in a&&lications from certain key sending countries, including .hina /


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Foreign students are considered technical !rain&ower, whooften enroll inacademic&rograms in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics PDJL@Q /ST(4)" n11 Scholars and educators foundthat among the ma?or develo&ed countries and the newly industrialied countries, the United States ranksnear the !ottom in mathematics and science achievement among eighth graders"

n1$ Therefore reruitin! #orei!n students improves the overall :ualit$ o# ne+

siene and en!ineerin! 3h":"s !y drawing on a wider range of talented students

who !ecome the key contri!utors in driving the knowledge

also arise !ecause foreign students, ;while enrolled in schools, are an im&ortant &art of theworkforce at those institutions, &articularly at large research universities"; n15 Theyusually work as research assistants &roviding skilled assistance or research la!or in thescienti'c la!s, or as teaching assistants to hel& faculty grade undergraduatesV homework and sometimes teachundergraduate classes" n1K %ccording to -or?as, these students PDJL5Q &lay the same role in sta>ng the researchla!s of %merican universities that 4e+ican illegal workers &lay in sta>ng the vast agricultural 'elds of .alifornia"

-oth grou&s of workers enter the country, su!stantially increase the su&&ly of workers, !utlower wagesin their res&ective occu&ations, and increase the &ro'ts and economic resourcesof the com&anies that hire them" n18 For those students who have to 'nance theirstudiesin the United States, they &ay full tuitionand the higher education sector has !ecome increasinglyde&endent on the high tuition fees &aid !y foreign students" n$6 %ccording to a $667 study conducted !y the*nstitute of *nternational (ducation, there were 7@7,6J8 international students studying in the United States, and

the net ontri/ution o# #orei!n students to the national eonom$ is

approximatel$ 0%0 /illion 4ust throu!h their tuition expenditure and

livin! expenses% n$1 These num!ers show the im&ortant role &layed !y international students insu&&orting the higher education institutions


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AT( STE5 =o+

The STE5 risis is real( this ard ans+ers a ma4orit$ o# their+arrants. and spei3all$ re#utes their Charette ard

)osen 0/Cinda osen, .(= X change the eNuation, The Truth Aurts2 The ST(4 .risis *s Gota 4yth#, Se&tem!er 11th, $61J, Au>ngton 3ost,htt&299www"hu>ngton&ost"com9linda


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the data, which tell a dramatically diBerent story2 Y % .hange the (Nuation study found that,even in the sluggish years !etween $668 and $61$, there were nearly two ST(4


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'rst century" Eet that crisis is at the heart of the ST(4 worker shortage" (m&loyersof all stri&es are looking for &eo&le with strong ST(4 knowledge and skills, !ut theU"S" talent &ool is currently too shallow to meet their needs" The conseNuences of thisshortage are not merely economically devastating" They are devastating to the &ros&ects of millions of low


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STE5 O> Aerospae

"nreased STE5 is ritial to the Aerospae industr$Smith eon

Plan solves"nreasin! student Visa8s leads to inreasedinnovation

eCapua 0/0oe :e.a&ua, contri!utor at voice of %merica, Foreign Students -oost US*nnovation#, Govem!er 7th, $61J, oice of %merica,htt&299www"voanews"com9content9uscult for students from &articular regions ofthe world to enter the United States and study graduate &rograms, es&ecially inscience and engineering"# Ae said, at the time, many in ashington and at universities warned that&olicy would hinder scienti'c develo&ment and innovation" %nd * thought, well, thats veryinteresting, !ut do we really know if thats trueH# So 4askus, along with %hmed 4ush'N 4o!arak of Eale and (ricStuen of the University of *daho, gathered data W a lot of data" So what we did is got very detailed individual


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'nd a local em&loyer , wholl work on their !ehalf to get a tem&orary visa" That doeshave the eBect, were convinced, of &ushing too many of these innovative &eo&le !ackoutside the !orders of the United States " So we argue for increasing the num!er ofthose visas and focusing on these students


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Chinese students alone ontri/uted million to the USeonom$%Fieldstone 8-P6L91@917 onald " Fieldstone, security counsel, .hinese Students *n US =n The ise %nd -ring-illions To The (conomy,#htt&299e!7arnstein"com9chinese"nternational students are ,e$ to US eduation%

"ndiana Universit$ 81


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Eon lo+ no+

US eonom$ is +ea,de/t and la/or #oreCitien+ells -. news source on &olitics and economics, US (conomy on verge of colla&seH, orkersnot !uying la!or markets recovery, Forget unem&loyment rate, ecord low la!or force &artici&ation rates, dro&s

!elow 76 &ercent, Gational de!t e+ceeds :3,# ord&ress, 1917917, htt&299citienwells"com9$6179619179uscult to understand, time consuming, and an intrusion into the &rivate lives ofinternational students and scholars, they also ?eo&ardie the safety and security ofinternational students and scholars":es&ite claims that S(*S is a secure data!ase, in $667, ;ahacker !roke into a University of Gevada at Cas egas online data!ase for """ S(*S andgained access to &ersonal information for a!out 7,666 current and former

international students and scholars"; n@@ The stolen information consisted of names, PD17Q ;!irthdates, &ass&ort num!ers, Social Security num!ersP,Q; and other sensitive information a!out theinternational students, their s&ouses, and families" n@5 =ther universities that have faced similar &ro!lemsinclude University of ansas, -oston .ollege, and .alifornia State University at.hico"n@K


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"nt8l students O> diploma$

"nternational students ma,es the +orld a sa#er plaelearnin!to +or, +ith people #rom other ountries and ultures is ,e$

6itherell and Cal$ton


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a!out life in %merica";n$K6 4ark :" ent, %ssociate :irector of the %mericanCanguage and .ulture 3rogram at %riona State University, has s&ent years researching%mericancials in ashington :"."n$K@ Aisconcern was a!out the many 4alaysian students who had !een acce&ted to%merican universities !ut had not received visas" n$K5 The 3atriot %ctVs im&act will !e morenoticea!le in years to come when future leaders of the world will fail to com&rehend the %merican way of life sim&ly

!ecause an invitation to learn a!out its &eo&le and culture was not forthcoming" hen cultures are not

understood and friendshi&s are not cultivated, the !onds that tie humanity togethermay forever !e severed" %s United Gations Secretarycials"#1K *n addition,international e+changes served to inMuence future elites of various countries"#18hile Finn indicated that U"S" o>cials no longer &laced the same value on

international students in di&lomacy and national security at the end of the .old ar ,she advocated for their renewed role in fostering long


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&eo&le and communities in the United States and around the world that arenecessary to solve glo!al challenges"# $8


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iploma$ O> Terror

Efetive diploma$ in the 5iddle East ,e$ to isolate andounter "S"S

Oatulis. =an!. and Sin!h


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Syria and *raN"The United States has already ste&&ed u& its direct military assistance to *raNi urdish forcesand has &ro&osed an additional O766 million to su&&ort select mem!ers of the Syrian o&&osition" These eBortsshould !e incor&orated into a regional &lan" *n many instances, the most ca&a!le security &artners will likely !e

found at the su!national level, including tri!es, and U"S &artners in the region will have dee&erties and greater a!ility to &rovide su&&ort to such forces 'ghting *S*S"% ?oint State:e&artment and :efense :e&artment team should coordinate these eBorts" %irstrikes and surveillance in

su&&ort of regional forces and local ground forces 'ghting *S*S and al


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4oreover, the :e&artment of State, F-*, and other government agencies recogniethat their dearth of %ra!ic language skills creates a crucial ga& in crosscer 3rogram for the Foreign Service" KL The United States %dvisory.ommission on 3u!lic :i&lomacyVs 4arch $66L re&ort cites that ;?unior o>cers now receive more than twenty


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Espeiall$ in the ontext o# the "slami State. diploma$ isneessar$ to /rid!e divisions in the 5iddle EastUa$r % !ig factor here is the rise of The *slamic State" irtually every &layer in the region isnot fond of *S/accusations and cons&iracy theories aside, *S surely does not have any o&en su&&orters &er se)"*n fact, the recent nuclear deal might ?ust have ha&&ened as an outcome of the factthat US% needs *ran to 'ght against *S in *raN and &ossi!ly in Syria"ecently, at the

Turkish


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***'f9Case***


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Topialit$


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omesti


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6ithin US ;orders

"nterpretation( omesti means ph$siall$ +ithin the U%S%/orders%

' >/:e&artment of :efense, regulation sets forth &rocedures governing theactivities of :o: intelligence com&onents that aBect United States &ersons,3=.(:U(S =(G*G TA( %.T**T*(S =F :=: *GT(CC*(G.( .=43=G(GTS

TA%T %FF(.T UG*T(: ST%T(S 3(S=GS,# :ecem!er 18K$,htt&s299fas"org9ir&9doddir9dod9d7$L6I1Ir"&df)99ghsce of an organiation within the United States, +hih is ph$siall$loated outside the U nited S tates , is not considered as an organiation within

the United States"

SEV"S is on US soilpart o# US shools s$stemOalhan cials use S(*S not only to monitor and identifyinternational students who may have fallen out of lawful nonimmigrant status !ut also to ;identify &atterns ofcriminal activity, including terrorism; and to ;identify trends and &atterns to assist in &lanning and analying risks";n18L


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Curtail


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Elimination

6e meet( the af redues overall domesti surveillane. SEV"Sis 4ust a pro!ram

Counter9 "nterpretation( Curtailin! domesti surveillaneneessitates elimination%A,erman


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Surveillane


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T9surveillane means !eneral

SEV"S is ontinuous tra,in! and monitorin! o# a spei3population

"CE No ate, U"S" *mmigrations and .ustoms (nforcement, su!set of the :e&artment of AomelandSecurity, Student and (+change isitor *nformation System#, htt&299www"ice"gov9sevis9overviewb /under S(*SAistory)99ak

To meet this mandate, the :e&artment of Aomeland Security/:AS) and the :e&artment ofStatede&loyed S(*Sin 0anuary $66J" S(*S is a we!cials, res&onsi!le o>cers,and alternate res&onsi!le o>cers)"

Surveillane is #oused and s$stemati%

)ihards 0/G4 ichards, 3rofessor of Caw, ashington University School ofCaw, TA( :%G(S =F SU(*CC%G.(,# $61J, htt&299harvardlawreview"org9w&cials" n116S(*S should !e limited to that information which is relevant to the *GS it should !e used only to con'rm that the student is still attending school" n111 The S(*S &rogram is e+cessively intrusive and the *GS is not using the &rogramto &rovide a service to the schools, as mandated !y section @L1/c) of ***%, !ut to track terrorists" n11$ *GS is not an agency that tracks terrorists and this &ower should not !e delegated to them" n11J .urrently, schools arereNuired to &rovide *GS with the ;current academic status; of a student, a de'nition that hinges on whether the student is attending school full time" n11L The *GS will rede'ne that term to include which ma?or 'eld of study the stu

foreign students affirmative - northwestern 2015

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