foreigners in european prisons · 2013. 12. 6. · 3 administrative detention of foreign prisoner s...

Foreigners in European Prisons

Edited by:

A.M. van F.B.A.M. der Meulen &

F. Diinkel

Contents

Volume 1

Foreword 1 Acknowledgement 3

Chapter 1 Comparative overview, Conclusions and Recommendations Anton van Hofstee-van der

1 INTRODUCTION 7 1 General introduction 7

Overview penalties and measures 9 1.2 Overview the prison system 9 1.3 Overview involvement Consulates, Embassies, Ministries Probation Service Home Country, NGO's. etc 10 1.4 Overview of trends (foreign administrative detention 10 1.5 Overview national legislation 12 1.6 Overview of European legislation 13

Council of Europe EU 15

2 TREATMENT OF FOREIGN PRISONERS 16 General situation

2.2 Living conditions and facilities 18 2.2. 19 2.2.2 Cells 20

2.3 and admission 20 2.3.1 Reception 20 2.3.2 Admission 21 2.3.3 Information for prisoners 2.3.4 Medical check 22 2.3.5 Contact diplomatic mission 23 2.3.6 Contact with family

2.4 Work - Education - Training - Sports - Recreation 23 2.4.1 Work 23 2.4.2 Education and training 25 2.4.3 Sports and recreation 26

2.5 Food Religion Personal Hygiene - Medical Care 28 2.5.1 Food ' 28 2.5.2 Religion 29 2.5.3 Personal hygiene 2.5.4 Medical care

2.6 Consular help and Legal aid 2.6.1 Consular help .' 33

2.6.2 aid 34 2.7 Contact with the outside world 35

Visits 36 2.7.2 Telephone and 37

Access to news 2.8 and Prison leave 38

Re-integration 3*) 2.8.2 leave

2.9 Release - Expulsion 41 2.9.1 Release 41 2.9.2 Expulsion 42 Aftercare - Probation 44 2.10.1 Aftercare 45

Probation 45 Stall" 46

Training 46 Diversity 47 Treatment 48

2.12 Projects 48 3 ADMINISTRATIVE D E T E N T I O N O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 50

and 3.3 Institutions and capacity 53 3.2 The responsible Ministry and legislation 56 3.4 Length of stay 58 3.5 The decision procedure 60 3.6 Appeal and review 62 3.7 Irregular stay 64 3.8 - Data and the non-expelled foreigners 65

Detention irregulars under criminal law 66 3.12 Minors 67

4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 70 Numbers and composition 70

4.2 Countries of detention 72 4.3 Reasons for detention and sentencing 73 4.4 Authorities and organisations involved 74 4.5 Release and reception home country 75 4.6 Aftercare 76 4.7 Public opinion and media 77

5 R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 78 5.1.1 Recommendations with respect to paragraphs 1.1-1.6 78

5.2 Recommendations with respect to the treatment of foreign offenders 79 5.2.1 General Recommendation 79 5.2.2 Living conditions & facilities 80 5.2.3 Reception and admission 80 5.2.4 Work - Education - Training - Sports Recreation 5.2.5. Food Religion •- Personal hygiene - Medical care 81 5.2.6 Consular help and Legal aid 82 5.2.7 Contact with the outside world 82 5.2.8 Re-integration activities — Prison leave 83 5.2.9 Release - Expulsion 83

Aftercare - Probation 83 Stall" 83

525 Recommendations with respect to foreigners in administrative detention 83 525.1 and 5.3.3 and capacity 83

The responsible Ministry and legislation 84

5.3.4 Length of stay 84 5.3.5 The decision procedure 85 5.3.6 Appeal and review 5.3.7 Irregular stay 86 5.3.8 - 5.3.10 Data and non-expelled foreigners 86

Detention irregulars under criminal law 86 5.3.12 Minors 87

5.4 with respect to paragraphs 87

Chapter 2 Austria Arno Pilgram/Veronika

1 I N T R O D U C T I O N 91 Overview Penalties and Measures Overview of the Prison Overview Involvement Consulates, Embassies, Ministries Home Probation Service

Home Country, NGO's etc Sec 2.6 95 Overview of Trends 95

1.5 Overview of National Legislation 103 2 TREATMENT O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 105

General 2.2 Living Conditions and Facilities 2.3 Reception and Admission 2.4 Work - Education - Training Sports Recreation 2.5 Food Religion Personal Hygiene Medical Care 2.6 Consular and Legal Help 2.7 Contact with the Outside World 2.8 Re-integration Activities - Prison Leave 2.9 Release - Expulsion

Aftercare - Probation Staff

2.12 Projects 3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION OF FOREIGN PRISONERS

3.1 General 3.2 Living Conditions and Facilities 3.3 Reception and Admission 3.4 Work - Education - Training - Sports - Recreation 3.5 Food - Religion - Personal Hygiene - Medical Care 3.6 Consular and Legal Help 3.7 Contact with the Outside World 121 3.8 Re-integration Activities - Prison e 3.9 Release - Expulsion 3.10 Aftercare - Probation see 3.8 122 3.11 Staff 122 3.12 Projects 122

4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 5 EVALUATION AND 124

Chapter 3 Belgium Snacken

\ 129 of and measures

2 oi' the system Organisational structure

1.2.2. Foreign prisoners 1.3 Overview of involvement of Consulates and Embassies See 132

of trends Sentencing trends

1.4.2. Characteristics of the (foreign) prison population 134 1.5 Overview of national legislation 137

The legal status of foreign nationals under Belgian law 137 1.5.2. Legal framework for the detention of foreign nationals

2 T R E A T M E N T O F FOREIGN . . 141 General situation 141

2.2 Living conditions and facilities 142 2.3 Reception and admission 142 2.4 Work education - training - sports - recreation 143 2.5 Food religion - personal hygiene medical care 144 2.6 Consular and legal help 145 2.7 Contact with the outside world 145 2.8 Reintegration activities - prison leave 146 2.9 Early release - expulsion 147 2.10 Aftercare - Probation 150

Staff 150 2.12 Projects 151

3 ADMINISTRATIVE D E T E N T I O N O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 152 4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 155 5 EVALUATIONS AND R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 156

Chapter 4 Cyprus Andreas Ellinas

1 I N T R O D U C T I O N Overview of Penalties and Measures of the Prison System 159 1.2.1 Organisational Structure

Foreign Prisoners 161 1.3 Overview of the Involvement of Consulates, Embassies, Cypriot Ministries and Probation Service, NGO's etc

Overview of Trends 1.4.2 Characteristics of the Foreign Prison Population 161

2 T R E A T M E N T O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 162 General Information

2.2 Living Conditions and Facilities '63 2.3 Reception and Admission 2.4 Work - Education Training — Sports - Recreation 2.5 Food Religion Personal hygiene Medical care 164 2.6 Consular and Legal Help

2.7 Contact with the Outside World 2.8 Re-integration Activities - Prison Leave 1 2.9 Release - Expulsion 2.10 Aftercare •- Probation

3 ADMINISTRATIVE OF FOREIGN PRISONERS Institutions for Administrative Detention

3.2 Ministry Responsible and Relevant Legislation 3.3 Capacity of Institutions 3.4 Ixngth of stay 167 3.6 Appeal Procedure

5 EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 168

Chapter 5 Czech Republic Petr Skvain

1 INTRODUCTION 171 Overview of Penalties and Measures Overview of the Prison System 1.2.1 Organisational Structure 1.2.2 Foreign nationals in Czech Republic 1 74

1.3 Overview Involvement of Consulates, Embassies, Ministry of the Czech Republic, Probation Service, Ngo's etc

Overview of Sentencing Trends Characteristics Foreign Prison Population 180

1.5 Overview of national legislation 186 1.5.1 Penitentiary Legislation 1.5.2 Penitentiary Legislation & Foreigners

2 TREATMENT O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 188 General Facts about the treatment of Foreign Prisoners 192 2.1.1 Theoretical situation 2.1.2 Actual situation 193

2.2 Living conditions and facilities 2.3 and admission 2.4 - Education - Training Sports - Recreation 2.5 Food Religion - Personal hygiene - Medical 196 2.6 Consular and legal help 197 2.7 Contact with the outside world 2.8 Re-integration activities - Prison leave 2.9 Release - Expulsion 200

Aftercare - Probation 200 2.11 Staff 201 2.12 Projects 202

3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION OF FOREIGN PRISONERS 202 4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 204 5 EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 205

Chapter 6 Denmark Anette

1 INTRODUCTION 209 ( of penalties and measures 209

1.2 Overview of Prison Svstcm 210 \ .2.1 Organisational Structure 210 ! .2.2 Foreign

1.3 Overview over the; involvement of Ministries of the home country, Probation Service of home country, NGO's etc 212

Overview of trends 213 Sentencing trends

1.4.2 Characteristics of the Foreign Prison Population 216 1.5 Overview of national legislation 219

1.5.1 Penitentiary Legislation 219 1.5.2 Penitentiary Legislation & Foreigners 220

2 T R E A T M E N T O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 221 2.1 General 221 2.2 Living conditions and facilities 222 2.3 Reception and admission 223 2.4 Work Education - Training — Sports Recreation 223 2.5 Food - Religion - Personal Hygiene - Medical care 225 2.6 Consular and legal help 228 2.7 Contact with the outside world 229 2.8 Re-integration activities Prison leave 232 2.9 Release - Expulsion 232

Aftercare - and Probation 235 Staff 235

2.12 Projects 236 3 ADMINISTRATIVE D E T E N T I O N O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 237

3.1 Institution 237 3.2 Ministry Responsible & Legislation 237 3.3 Capacity Institutions 237 3.4 Length of Stay 237 3.5 Decisions procedure 238 3.6 Appeal Procedure 239 3.7 Irregular stay 239 3.8 Numbers . .'. 239 3.9 Expulsion 240

Not-expelled prisoners 240 Detention irregulars under criminal law 240

3.12 Minors 241 4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 241

Numbers and composition group 4.2 Detention countries 241 4.3 Reasons for detention & sentencing 242 4.4 Involved organisations 242 4.5 Release and reception home country 242 4.6 Aftercare 242 4.7 Public opinion and media 242


Chapter 7 Estonia Piret Liba

1. I N T R O D U C T I O N 249 Overview of penalties and measures 249 Overview of the Prison System 252 1.2.1 Organisational Structure of the Estonian Prison System 252

Foreign Prisoners 257 1.3 Overview of the of Consulates, Embassies, Ministries and the Probation service, NGO's etc 258

Overview of 259 Sentencing Trends 259

1.4.2 Characteristics of the Foreign Prison Population 264 1.5 Overview of national legislation 267

Penitentiary Legislation 267 Penitentiary Legislation relevant to Foreigners 267

2 TREATMENT O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 269 General Information 269

2.2 Living conditions and facilities 270 2.3 Reception and admission of Foreign Prisoners 270 2.4 Work - Education Training Sports - Recreation 2.5 Food Religion Personal hygiene Medical care 273 2.6 Consular and legal help 274 2.7 Contact with the outside world 274 2.8 activities - Prison leave 275 2.9 Release - Expulsion 277


3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 279 Institutions for Administrative Detention 279

3.2 Ministry responsible and relevant legislation 282 3.3 The Capacity of Institutions for Administrative Detention 283 3.4 Length of stay 284 3.5 Decisions procedure 284 3.6 Appeal procedure 285

Irregular stay 285 3.8 Numbers 285 3.9 Expulsion 286

Not-expelled prisoners 286 Detention of Irregulars under Criminal Law 286

4 ESTONIAN NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 287 5 EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 287

Chapter 8 Finland Tapio

INTRODUCTION 291 Overview penalties and measures 293 Overview of the Prison System 294 1.2.1 Organisational Structure 294

Foreign Prisoners 295 1.3 Overview Consulates, Embassies, Ministries home country, Probation service home country, NGO's etc 297

Overview of 297 Sentencing Trends 297 Characteristics Prison Population

i .5 of national 304 Penitentiary Legislation 304 Penitentiary Legislation & Foreigners 305

2 T R E A T M E N T OF FOREIGN PRISONERS 306 General 306

2.2 Living conditions and facilities 306 2.3 Reception and admission 307 2.4 Work - Education - Training - Sports - Recreation 307 2.5 Food - Religion - Personal hygiene Medical care 308 2.6 Consular and legal help 308 2.7 Contact with the outside world 308 2.8 activities - Prison leave 308 2.9 Release - Expulsion 309


3 ADMINISTRATIVE D E T E N T I O N O F FOREIGN PRISONERS Institution 310

3.2 Ministry responsible & legislation 3.3 Capacity institutions 3.4 Length of stay 3.5 Decisions procedure 3.6 Appeal procedure 3.7 Irregular stay 3.8 Numbers . .'. 312 3.9 Expulsion 3.10 Not-expelled prisoners 312

Detention irregulars under criminal law 312 4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 314 5 EVALUATION AND R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 315

Chapter 9 France Pascal Decarpes

I N T R O D U C T I O N 319 1.1. Overview of penalties and measures

of the Prison System 320 Organisational structure 320

1.2.2 Foreign prisoners 1.3 Involvement of Embassies, Consulates, NGOs etc 322

of trends 322 1.5 Overview of national legislation 323

2 T R E A T M E N T O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 324 General situation 324

2.2 Living conditions and facilities 325 2.3 Reception and admission 326

2.4 Work - Education - Training - Sports - Recreation 326 2.5 Food - Religion - Personal hygiene Medical care 327 2.6 Consular and legal help 328 2.7 Contact with the outside world 328 2.8 activities - Prison leave 329 2.9 Release - Expulsion 330 2.10 Aftercare - Probation 332

Staff 332 2.12 Projects 333

3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION OF FOREIGN PRISONERS 333 3.1 Institutions for the Administrative Detention of Foreign Prisoners 334 3.2 Ministry responsible & relevant Legislation 334 3.3 Capacity of institutions for Administrative Detention 334 3.4 Length of stay 334 3.5 Decisions procedure 335 3.6 Appeal procedure 335 3.7 stay 335 3.8 Numbers 336 3.9 Expulsion 336

Not-expelled prisoners 336 Detention of Irregulars under Criminal Law 337

3.12 Minors 337 Waiting Zones 337

4 NATIONALS DETMNED ABROAD 338 4.1 Numbers and Composition of French Nationals detained abroad 338 4.2 Countries of Detention 338 4.3 Sentencing and for Detention 338 4.4 Involved Organisations Tasks and Activities 338 4.5 Release and Reception in France 339 4.6 Aftercare 339 4.7 Public Opinion and the Media 339


Chapter 10 Germany Morgenstem

1 INTRODUCTION 343 Overview of penalties and measures 343 Overview of the prison system 345 1.2.1 Organisational structure, prisons and numbers of inmates 345 1.2.2 Institutions for foreigners and proportion foreign prisoners 349

1.3 Overview of the involvement of embassies, ministries of home country, NGO's etc 353

Overview of trends 353 Trends in sentencing, numbers of prisoners, composition prison population etc 353

1.4.2 Overview on issues concerning the general population of foreigners and of foreign suspects of crime 358

1.5 Overview of national legislation 366 1.5.1 Constitution, Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Act 366 1.5.2 Penitentiary Legislation for foreign prisoners 369

2 TREATMENT OF FOREIGN 369 2.1 General 369

2.2 Living conditions and facilities 373 2.3 Reception and Admission 373 2. i training, sports, 373 2.5 religion, personal medical care 374 2.6 Consular and legal 2.7 Contacts with the outside world 37 2.8 Re-integration activities, leave 374 2.9 The removal of criminal foreign detainees 375 2.10 Aftercare, Probation 376 2.11 Staff 376 2.12 Projects 376

3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION O F ILLEGAL RESIDENTS IN GERMANY 376 What type of institution is used for this kind of administrative detention? 377

3.2 Which Ministry is responsible and which laws/regulations arc applicable to this category? . . . 380 3.3 How many of these institutions exist and what is their capacity? 380 3.4 What is legal length and average length of detention? 383 3.5 Who makes decisions for administrative detention? 383 3.6 Which body can be appealed to and within how much time? 384 3.7 Is residence a criminal offence? If yes, what is the minimum/maximum penalty385 3.8 What is the number of detained irregular foreigners? 385 3.9. What is the percentage that will be expelled administrative detention? 386

What happens with non-expelled foreign prisoners? 386 Can Category 3 prisoners also be detained with prisoners who are detained under

criminal law? And if so, arc they detained in separate sections? What happens with minors (under years)? 386

4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 387 4.1 How many German Nationals are detained abroad and what is the composition of this group? 387 4.2 What arc the main countries of detention? 387 4.3 What arc the main reasons for detention (e.g. drugs) and what sentences do they receive? . . . . 387 4.4 Which organisations arc involved and what are their responsibilities and activities? 388 4.5 Who is responsible for the reception in the home country alter release? 388 4.6 What kind of aftercare is provided and how is this organised? 389

What is the opinion of the media and general public? 389 5 EVALUATION R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 389

Chapter Greece M. Pitsela

1 I N T R O D U C T I O N 393 Overview of Penalties and Measures 393 Overview of the Prison System 395

Organisational Structure 395 Foreign Prisoners 399

1.3 Overview of the Involvement of Consulates, Embassies, Ministries and Probation Service of Greece, etc 400

Overview of trends 1.4.1 Sentencing Trends 1.4.2 Characteristics of the Foreign Prison Population 403

Overview of National Penitentiary Legislation 404 Legislation 404 Penitentiary Legislation and Foreigners 405

2 T R E A T M E N T O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 406

Information 406 2.2 Living Conditions and Facilities 406 2.3 Reception and Admission 406 2.4 Work - Education Training Sports - Recreation 407 2.5 Food - Religion - Personal hygiene - Medical care 408 2.6 Consular and legal help 2.7 Contact with the outside world 2.8 Re-integration activities - Prison leave 2.9 Release- Expulsion

414

2.12 Projects 415 3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION OF FOREIGN PRISONERS

Institutions for Administrative Detention 3.2 Ministry Responsible and Relevant Legislation 3.3 Capacity of Institutions for Administrative Detention 3.4 Length of stay 3.5 Decisions Procedure 3.6 Appeal Procedure 3.7 Irregular stay 418 3.8 Numbers 418 3.9 Expulsion

Not-expelled prisoners Detention of Irregulars under Criminal Law 419

3.12 Minors 419 4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 423 5 EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATION 423

Chapter Hungary

1 I N T R O D U C T I O N 427 Overview of penalties and measures 427

1.2 Overview of Prison System 429 1.3 Overview involvement Consulates, Embassies, Ministries home country, Probation service home country, NGO's etc

Overview of trends 432 Sentencing Trends 432

1.4.2 Characteristics Foreign Prison Population 432 Overview of national legislation 434

Legislation 434 1.5.2 Penitentiary Legislation & Foreigners 435

2 TREATMENT O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 435 General 435

2.2 Living conditions and 436 2.3 Reception and admission 436 2.4 Work - Education - Training - Sports - Recreation 437 2.5 Food - Religion - Personal hygiene - Medical care 438 2.6 Consular and legal 2.7 Contact with the outside world 2.8 Re-integration activities - Prison leave

2.9 Release Expulsion 441 Aftercare - Probation 442 Staff 442

2. !2 Projects 442 3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION ( )F FOREIGN PRISONERS 442

442 3.2 Responsible Ministry and legislation 443 3.3 of institutions 443 3.4 of stay 443 3.5 Decisions 444 3.6 Appeal 445 3.7 Irregular stay 446 3.8 Numbers 446 3.9 Expulsion 446


3.12 Minors 447 4 NATIONALS ABROAD 447

Numbers and composition group 447 4.2 Detention countries 448 4.3 Reasons for detention & sentencing 448 4.4 Involved organisations tasks and activities 448 4.5 Release and reception home country 448 4.6 Aftercare 448 4.7 Public opinion and media 448

5 EVALUATION AND R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 449

Chapter 13 Ireland Mary Moore

1 453 Overview of penalties and measures 453 Overview of the Prison System 453 1.2.1 Organizational Structure 453

Foreign Prisoners 456 Overview involvement Consulates, Embassies, Ministries home country, Probation service home

country, NGO's etc 457 Overview of trends 458

Sentencing Trends 458 1.4.2 Characteristics Foreign Prison Population 458

Overview of national legislation 460 2 T R E A T M E N T O F FOREIGN PRISONERS

2.1 General 461 2.2 Living conditions and facilities 462 2.3 Reception and admission 462 2.4 Work-Education-Training-Sports-Recreation 463 2.5 Food-Religion- Personal hygiene-Medical Care 464 2.6 Consular and legal help 465 2.7 Contact with Outside World 465 2.8 Re-integration activities Prison leave 466 2.9 Release - Expulsion 466

Aftercare Probation 467 Staff 167 468

Special projects within prison 3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION OF FOREIGN PRISONERS 170

Institution 3.2 Ministry responsible and legislation 3.3 Capacity institutions 3.4 of stay 3.5 Decisions procedure 72 3.6 Appeal Procedure 472 3.7 Irregular stay 3.8 Numbers 472 3.9 Expulsion

Not expelled prisoners 473 Detention irregulars under criminal law 4 73 Minors 473 Reception and Admission 473

3.14 Work-Education-Training Sport-Recreation Hygiene-Medical care 474

3.16 Contact with the Outside World 475 Re-integration activities- Prison leave 475 After-care- Probation 475

3.19 Staff 475 4 IRISH NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 475

Numbers and composition group 475 4.2 Detention Countries 476 4.3 Involved organisations tasks and activities 477 4.4 Release and reception home 477 4.5 Aftercare 477 4.6 Public opinion and media 477


Chapter 14 Italy

1 I N T R O D U C T I O N 481 Overview of penalites and measures

1.2 Overview of the Prison System 481 2 OF FOREIGN PRISONERS 482

2.1 Generale 482 2.2 Living conditions and facilities 482 2.3 Reception and admission 483 2.4 Work - education training - sports recreation 483 2.5 Food religion - personal hygiene - medical care 483 2.6 Consular and legal help 484 2.7 Contact with the outside world 484

Foreign prisoners detained under criminal law and who will remain in the of detention alter release 484 2.7.2 Foreign prisoners detained under criminal who will expelled to their country or a country

3. ADMINISTRATIVE OF FOREIGN PRISONERS

Institution and capacity 487 3.2 Decision Procedure 487

Judicial expulsion 487 3.2.2 Expulsion as safety measure 488 3.2.3 Administrative expulsion 488

Expulsion as a substitutive or alternative measure to prison 3.2.5 Procedures to administrative or judicial !89

3.3 Appeal procedure 3.4 Procedures to communicate the order of expulsion and consequences of its violation 493 3.5 Minors 494

3 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 494 5 EVALUATION 498 STATISTICS FROM MINISTRY O F J U S T I C E DEPARTMENT OF PRISONS 500

Chapter 15 Latvia Leine

1 I N T R O D U C T I O N 517 of penalties and measures

1.2 Overview of Prison System 520 1.3 Overview of involvement of Consulates, Embassies, Ministries country, Probation service home country, N G O ' s etc 522 1.4 Overview of trends 522

Overview of national legislation 524 2 TREATMENT OF PRISONERS 525

General remarks 525 2.2 Living conditions 526 2.3 Reception and admission 526 2.4 Work Education - Training - Sport Recreation 527 2.5 Food Religion - Personal hygiene - Medical care 528 2.6 Consular and legal help 528 2.7 Contacts with the outside world 529 2.8 activities 530 2.9 Release -Expulsion 530

Aftercare-Probation 531 2.11 Staff 531 2.12 Projects 531

3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 531 4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 535 5 EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 535

Volume 2

Chapter 16 Lithuania Sonata Malisauskaite - Simanaitiene

1 INTRODUCTION 539 of penalties and measures 539 Overview of the Prison System 540 1.2.1 Organisational Structure 5 40

Foreign Prisoners 543 1.3 of Embassies and Consulates 54 1.4 Overview of trends

1.4.1 Sentencing Trends 544 1.4.2 Characteristics of the Foreign Prison Population 548

1.5 Overview of National Legislation 552 1.5.1 Penitentiary Legislation 552

Penitentiary Legislation & Foreigners 553 2 TREATMENT OF FOREIGN PRISONERS 554

General information 554 2.2 Living conditions and facilities 556 2.3 Reception and admission 556 2.4 - Education Training - Sports - Recreation 557 2.5 Food - Religion Personal hygiene Medical care 558 2.6 Consular and legal help 559 2.7 Contact with the outside world 560 2.8 Re-integration activities - Prison leave 2.9 Release - Expulsion 563

Aftercare Probation 564 Staff 565 Projects 565

3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION OF FOREIGN PRISONERS 565 Institutions for administrative detention 565

3.2 Ministry responsible & legislation 565 3.3 Capacity of institutions 566 3.4 Length of stay 566 3.5 Decisions procedure 566 3.6 Appeal procedure 567 3.7 Irregular stay 567 3.8 Numbers 567 3.9 Expulsion 568


3.12 Minors 568 4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 569

Numbers and composition of group 569 4.2 Countries of detention 569 4.3 Reasons for detention & sentencing 569 4.4 Involved organisations tasks and activities 569 4.5 Release and reception in the home 4.6 Aftercare

Public opinion and the media 5 EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 570

Chapter Luxembourg Stefan

1 I N T R O D U C T I O N 575 5 Overview of penalties and measures 575

1.1.1 Legal Framework 575 Legal status of prisoners in Luxembourg 576

1.2 Overview of the System 577 General 577

1.2.2 The situation in Luxembourg 578 1.3 Consulates, Embassies, Mnistries of Home country, Probation Services, NGO's , etc 579 1.4 of the National Penitentiary System and its trends 579

Trends in Numbers 579 Reasons for arrest 585 Length of Sentencing 589

2 TREATMENT O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 591 2.1 General 591 2.2 Living conditions, facilities, work and re-integration activities 592 2.3 Prisoner's rights 592

3 ADMINISTRATIVE D E T E N T I O N O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 593 4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 593 5 EVALUATION AND R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 593

Chapter 18 Malta Tonio Cachia/Mark F. Montebello

1 I N T R O D U C T I O N 599 Overview of Penalties and Measures 599

1.2 Overview of the Prison System 600 Organisational Structure 600

1.2.2 Foreign Prisoners 1.3 Involvement Consulates, Embassies, Ministries Home Country, Probation Service Home Country and NGO's 602

Overview of Trends 603 1.4.1. Sentencing Trends 603

Characteristics Foreign Prison Population 604 Overview of National Legislation 605 1.5.1. Penitentiary legislation 605 1.5.2 Penitentiary Legislation and Foreigners 605

2 T R E A T M E N T O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 607 2.1 General 607 2.2 Living Conditions and Facilities 607 2.3 Reception and Admission 607 2.4 Work Education — Training - Sports - Recreation 608 2.5 Food - Religion Personal Hygiene - Medical 608 2.6 Help 609 2.7 Contact with the outside world 609 2.8 Reintegration Activities Prison Leave 610 2.9 Release Expulsion 610 2.10 Aftercare - Probation

- 2.12 Staff/Projects til 1 3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION FOREIGN PRISONERS 612

3.1 - 3.3 Institutions, Responsible Ministry, Capacity, Numbers 3.4 -3.8 Length & Irregularity of Stay, & Appeal Procedure 613

Detention Irregulars under Criminal Law, Minors, Non-Expulsion 4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 616

- 4.2 Numbers & Composition Group, Detention Countries 4.3 - 4.7 Reasons for Detention & Sentencing, Involved Release & Reception Home Country, Aftercare, Public opinion and media

5 EVALUATION AND Migrants & Asylum Seekers (i 7

5.2 Prisoners

Chapter 19 Netherlands Anton van Hqfstee — van der Meulen

1 INTRODUCTION 623 Overview penalties and measures 623 1.1.1 Penalties and measures 623 1.1.2 Daily practice 625 1.1.3 Foreign nationals and the sanction system 626

Overview of the Prison System 626 Organisational Structure 626

1.2.2 Detention of Foreign Prisoners 629 1.3. Overview involvement Consulates, Embassies, Ministries home country, Probation service country, NGO's etc 629 1.4 Overview of trends 630

Sentencing trends 630 Composition of Prison Populations

Overview of national legislation 634 Penitentiary legislation 634 Reference to special legislation 634

General remarks 634 2 International or bilateral transfer agreements for foreign prisoners 635

2 TREATMENT O F PRISONERS 6.35 General 635

2.2 Living conditions and facilities 637 2.3 Reception and admission 638 2.4 Work - Education - Training - Sports - Recreation 639

2.4.1 Work 639 2.4.2 Education and training 6 H) 2.4.3 Sports & Recreation 2.4.4 Library 641

2.5 Food Religion Personal hygiene Medical care 64! Food 641

2.5.2 Religion 642 2.5.3 Personal Hygiene 642 2.5.4 Medical Care 643

2.6 Consular and legal help 643 Consular help 643

2.6.2 help 2.7 Contact with the outside world

Visits 645 2.7.2 Communication 645 2.7.3 News 646

2.8 Re-integration activities - Prison leave 646 Re-integration activities 646

2.8.2 Prison leave 646 2.9 Release -- Expulsion 647

Aftercare - 648 Staff 648

2.12 Projects 649 3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 649

3.1 basis 649 3.2 Aliens in practice

Some figures 651 3.2.2 Treatment 653

4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 654 5 EVALUATION AND R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 659

Chapter 20 Poland Barbara

1 I N T R O D U C T I O N 663 Overview penalties and measures 663

1.2 Overview of the Prison System 665 Organisational Structure 665 Foreign Prisoners 666

1.3. Overview involvement Consulates, Embassies, Ministries home country, Probation service home country, NGO's etc 667

Overview of Trends 668 Sentencing Trends 668

1.4.2. Characteristics Foreign Prison Population Overview of national legislation 1.5.1. Penitentiary Legislation 671

Penitentiary Legislation & Foreigners 672 2 T R E A T M E N T O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 672

2.1. General 672 2.2. Living conditions and facilities 673 2.3. Reception and admission 674 2.4. Work-Education-Training-Sports-Recreation 674 2.5. Food-Religion-Personal hygiene-Medical care 675 2.6. Consular and legal help 676 2.7 Contact with the outside world 676 2.8. Reintegration activities - Prison leave 677 2.9. Release-Expulsion 678

Aftercare-Probation, Staff and Projects 678 3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 679

Institution 679 3.2. responsible & legislation 679 3.3. Capacity institutions 680 3.4. of stay 682 3.5-3.6. Decisions procedure and appeal procedure 682 3.7. Irregular stay 683

Other aspects 684 Minors 684

4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 684 Numbers and composition group 684

4.2. Detention countries 685 4.3. Reasons for detention & sentencing 685 4.4. Involved organizations - tasks and activities 686 4.5 - 4.7 Other aspects 686


Chapter 21 Portugal Abrunhosa Gongalves

1 I N T R O D U C T I O N Overview of Penalties and Measures Overview of the Prison System 692

Organizational structure 692 Foreign prisoners 693

1.3. Overview of Involvement of Consulates, Embassies, Ministries and NGOs 694 Overview of Trends 694

Sentencing Trends 695 1.4.2. Characteristics of the Foreign Prison Population 696 Overview of National Legislation 697

2 TREATMENT OF FOREIGN PRISONERS 698 2.1 General 698 2.2 Living conditions and facilities 699 2.3 Reception and admission 699 2.4 Work — Education Training — Sports - Recreation 700 2.5 Food Religion Personal Hygiene — Medical 700 2.6 Consular and legal help 2.7 Contact with the outside world 2.8 Re-integration activities — Prison leave 702 2.9 Release- Expulsion 702

Aftercare Probation 703 Staff 703

2.12 Projects 704 3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION OF FOREIGN PRISONERS 705

3.1 Institution 705 3.2 Ministry responsible and Legislation 705 3.3 Capacity institutions 705 3.4 Length of stay 705 3.5 procedure 705 3.6 Appeal procedure 706 3.7 Irregular stay 706 3.8 Numbers 706 3.9. Expulsion 706 3.10 prisoners 706

Detention irregulars under criminal law 706 3.12 Minors . . . . . ' 707

4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 707 Numbers and composition group

4.2 Detention countries '

4.3 Reasons for and sentencing 707 4.4 Involved organisations 707 4.5 Release and reception 707

Aftercare 708 4.7 Public opinion and the media 708


Chapter 22 Slovakia Martin

1 I N T R O D U C T I O N 713 Overview penalties and measures 713

1.2 Overview of the Prison System 713 Overview involvement Consulates, Embassies, Ministries home country, Probation service home

country, NGO's etc 1.4 Overview of trends 714

Overview of national legislation 2 TREATMENT O F FOREIGN OFFENDERS 716

2.1 General 716 2.2 living conditions and facilities 2.3 Reception and admission 716 2.4 Work - Education Training - Sports Recreation 717 2.5 Food Religion - hygiene - Medical care 2.6 Consular and legal help 718 2.7 Contact with the outside world 2.8 Re-integration activities - Prison leave 720 2.9 Release - Expulsion 720 2.10 Aftercare Probation 721 2.11 Staff 721 2.12 Projects 722

3 ADMINISTRATIVE D E T E N T I O N O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 722 4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 724 5 EVALUATION AND R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 724

Chapter 23 Slovenia Dragon Petrovec

1 I N T R O D U C T I O N 729 Overview of penalties and measures 729 1.1.1 Sentences 729

Admonitory sanctions 730 1.1.3 Safety Measures 730 1.1.4 Educational Measures (for minors) 730

Overview of the Prison System Organizational Structure

size and number of penal institutions Bodies outside the prison administration responsible for inspecting or monitoring

the operation of the prison system and individual institutions 734 1.2.1.3. Prison staff 734

Foreign Prisoners 734

1.3. Overview: involvement of Consulates, Embassies, Ministries in the home country, Probation service in the home country, NGO's etc 734

Overview of Trends 735 Sentencing trends 736

1.4.2. Characteristics of the Foreign Prison Population 739 1.5 Overview of National legislation 740

1.5.1. Penitentiary 740 1.5.2. Penitentiary Legislation and Foreigners 740

2 TREATMENT OF FOREIGN PRISONERS 741 General 741

2.2. Living conditions and facilities 2.3. Reception and admission 2.4. Work - Education - Training - Sports Recreation 741 2.5. Food - Religion - Personal Hygiene Medical Care 742 2.6. Consular and legal help 742 2.7. Contacts with the outside world 742 2.8. Re-integration activities - Prison leave 743 2.9. Release Expulsion 743

Aftercare - Probation 743 2.11. Staff 744

744 3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION OF FOREIGN 744

Institutions for administrative detention 744 3.2. Ministry responsible and relevant Legislation 745 3.3. Capacity of the institutions for administrative detention 745 3.4. Length of stay 746 3.5. Decisions procedure 746 3.6. Appeal procedure 746 3.7. Irregular stay 747 3.8. Numbers 747 3.9. Expulsion 747

Administrative prisoners not expelled after release Detention of irregulars under criminal law 748

3.12. Minors 748 4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 748

Numbers and composition of the group 748 4.2 Countries of detention 748 4.3. Reasons for detention and sentencing 748 4.4. Involved organizations 749 4.5 - 4.6 Release and reception in the home country, 749 4.7 Public opinion and the media 749

5 EVALUATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Chapter 24 Spain Jose Luis la Cuesta

1 INTRODUCTION 753 1.1 Overview of Penalties and Measures 753

Overview of Prison System Organisational Structure 751 Foreign Prisoners

1.3. Overview: Involvement of Consulates. Embassies. Ministries home country. Probation Service home country, XGOs etc

Overview of Trends 756 Sentencing Trends 756 Characteristics of the Prison Population 757

1.5 Overview of National 759 2 TREATMENT O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 759

General 759 2.2 1 Conditions Facilities 760 2.3 Reception and Admission 761 2.4 Work - Education Training Sports Recreation 762 2.5 Food Religion - Personal Hygiene Medical Care 764 2.6 Consular and Legal Assistance 765 2.7 Contact with the Outside World 765 2.8 Re-integration Activities - Prison Leave 767 2.9 Release Expulsion

Aftercare - Probation 772 2.11 Staff 773

3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION O F F O R E I G N PRISONERS 773 4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 776 5 EVALUATION AND R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 778

Chapter 25 Sweden Agneta

1 783 Overview of sanctions and mcasurcs2 783

1.2 Overview of the prison system 784 1.2.1 Organisational structure 784

Foreign prisoners 785 1.3. Overview of the involvement of consulates, embassies, ministries, home country probation service, non-governmental organisations, etc. 786

Overview of Trends 786 Sentencing trends 786

1.4.2 Characteristics of the foreign prisoner population 788 Overview of national legislation 789 1.5.1 Penitentiary legislation 789

Penitentiary legislation and foreign prisoners 789 2 T R E A T M E N T O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 790

2.1 General 790 2.2 Living conditions and facilities 2.3 Reception and admission 792 2.4 Work, education, training, sports and recreation 793 2.5 Food, religion, personal hygiene, medical care 794 2.6 Consular and legal help 794 2.7 Contact with the outside world 795 2.8 Reintegration activities - prison leave 797 2.9 Release - expulsion 798

Aftercare 799 Staff 799 Projects 800

3 ADMINISTRATIVE O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 801 Institution

3.2 Ministry responsible & legislation

3.3 Capacity institutions 3.4 Length of stay 802 3.5 Decisions procedure 802 3.6 Appeal 802 3.7 Irregular stay 802 3.8 Numbers 802 3.9 Expulsion 802

Prisoners not deported 803 Detention irregulars under criminal law 803 Minors 803

4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 803 Numbers 803

4.2 Detention countries 804 4.3 Reasons for detention and sentencing 804 4.4 Involved organisations 804 4.5 Release and reception in home country 804 4.6 Aftercare 804

Public opinion and 805 5 EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 805

General 805 5.2 Translations 806 5.3 Leaves 806 5.4 Contact with the outside world 807 5.5 Prison allocation 807 5.6 Staff 807 5.7 Transfers 808 5.8 Visit by the Committee for the Prevention of Torture, etc. 808

Chapter 26 United Kingdom Kick Hammond

1 INTRODUCTION A. England & Wales 812

A. Overview penalties and measures Overview of the Prison System 813

A. Organisational Structure A. Foreign Prisoners

1.3 Overview involvement of Consulates. Embassies, Ministries home country. probation service in home country, NGO's etc A. Overview of trends

A. Sentencing Trends A. 1.4.2 Characteristics the Foreign Prisoner Population

A. Overview of legislation 826 A. Prison Legislation 826 A. Prison Legislation & Foreigners 826

A.2 TREATMENT OF FOREIGN PRISONERS 829 General Living conditions and facilities Reception and admission 831 Work - Education Training Sports Recreation 832 Food Religion Personal hygiene Medical care Consular and legal help '<•

Contact with the outside world, visits, letters, telephone calls, 835 activities - Prison leave 836 Release - Deportation 837

- Probation 838 Staff 840

A.3 DETENTION O F FOREIGN NATIONALS UNDER IMMIGRATION LAW IN T H E UK 840

Institution 842 Legislative background 842

A.4 NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 844 B. Scodand 844

I N T R O D U C T I O N 844 B.2 TREATMENT O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 845 C. Northern 846

1 I N T R O D U C T I O N 846 C. Immigration Detainees in 848 C.2 ADMINISTRATIVE D E T E N T I O N O F FOREIGN NATIONALS UNDER IMMIGRATION DETENTION 848 5 EVALUATIONS AND R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 850

Chapter 27 Aire Centre Kuala Mole

1 T H E HISTORY O F T H E AIRE CENTRE 855 2 T H E ACTIVITIES O F T H E AIRE C E N T R E 855

2.1 General Remarks 855 2.2 The AIRE Centre's work with individual Foreign Prisoners 855 2.3 The AIRE Centre's work with Foreign Prisoners in Central and Eastern Europe 856 2.4 EU Legislation - An Overview 857 2.5 Third Party Intervention Csoszanski v Sweden, Szabo v Sweden 858

3 T H E C U R R E N T SITUATION O F FOREIGN PRISONERS 859 3.1 Legal representation 859 3.2 The Social Exclusion of Foreign Prisoners 859

Chapter 28 Conference Permanente Europeenne de la Probation (CEP) Leo

1 FOR FOREIGN PRISONERS IN EUROPE 863 2 CEP 863 3 G O O D PRACTICE 864 4 EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENTS O N T H E TRANSFER O F PENAL MEASURES AND SANCTIONS 865 5 CONSEQUENCES NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN: A EUROPEAN INSTITUTE 867 6 EVALUATIONS AND R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S 868

Chapter 29 Foreign Liaison Office of the Dutch Probation Service Rolf Swennenhuis/Hans van Kooten

Introduction 1.2 History

Activities by Dutch Probation Service and the Ministry of Foreign Alfairs 2 PROFILE OF D U T C H NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 872 3 PRODUCTS AND SERVICES T H E FOREIGN LIAISON OFFICE OF NEDERLAND 873

of the Foreign liaison Offices 3.2 Some figures on products and services of the Foreign liaison Office 87 1 3.3 Volunteers 875 3.4 'Morse' 876

4 RESULTS INTERVIEWS VOLUNTEERS AND DUTCH DETAINEES ABROAD 876 General Remarks 876

4.2 Special Aspects 877 4.2.1 Treatment 877 4.2.2 Living conditions and reception 877 4.2.3 Work-education-sports-recreation 878 4.2.4 hygiene-medical care 878 4.2.5 Consular and legal aid 879 4.2.6 About prison personnel and other prisoners 4.2.7. Contacts with the outside world 879 4.2.8 Reintegration activities leave - release 880 4.2.9 General conclusion and recommendations 880

Chapter 30 International Centre for Prison Studies Andrew

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR PRISON STUDIES 885 T H E EUROPEAN PRISON RULES 2006 885 1 BACKGROUND 885 2 FOREIGN PRISONERS 887

Chapter 31 Jesuit Refugee Service Europe Cornelia Biihrle RSCJ

Preliminary Remarks INTRODUCTION 892

1.1 Overview on different situations of administrative on justifications and on legal grounds 892

1.1.1 Administrative detention of asylum seekers within the context of reception 893 1.1.1.1 The 2001 EU Commission Proposal of the EU Commission for a Council Directive laving down minimum standards on the reception of applicants for asylum in Member

2003 EU Council Directive laving minimum standards lor the

of asylum seekers 893 1.1.2. asylum seekers within context of

procedure 893 The 2000 EU Commission Proposal for a Council Directive on

minimum standards on procedures in Member States for granting withdrawing refugee status 894

' 2002 EU Amended Proposal for a Council Directive on minimum standards on procedures its Member States for granting withdrawing refugee status 894 1.1.2.3 The 2005 EU Council Directive on minimum standards on procedures in Member States for granting and withdrawing refugee status 895

1.1.3. Administrative detention (temporary custody) of illegally staying third-country nationals for the purpose of removal 895

1.1.3.1 2002 EU Commission Green Paper on a community return policy on illegal residents 895 1.1.3.2 The 2002 EU Commission Communication on a community return policy on illegal residents 896 1.1.3.3 The 2002 EU Council Return Action Programme 897 1.1.3.4 The 2005 EU Commission Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals 897

1.2. Overview on the EU system of administrative detention of asylum seekers and illegally staying third-country nationals 897 1.3 Overview on the involvement of institutions and organisations external to the EU system . . . . 899

1.3.1 Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) 899

NGOs operating at EU level 899 1.3.3 Churches 899 1.3.4 Diplomatic and consular missions 900 on EU asylum and immigration policy trends 900

General retrospective 900 1.4.2. Recent EU asylum and immigration policy trends and selected comparative data of asylum applications (1980 - 2004) 901 1.4.3. The Tampere Programme (1999 2004) 903 1.4.4 The 2005 - 2010 Hague Programme (2005 - 2010) 903

Overview on the legal instruments at the level of EU asylum and immigration legislation and legislation in making 904

1.5.1 Detention of asylum seekers in the context of reception and the asylum procedure 904 EU Council Directive laying down minimum standards for the reception of

asylum seekers 904 Council Directive on minimum standards on procedures in Member States

for granting and withdrawing refugee status 905 1.5.2 Detention of illegally staying nationals for the purpose of removal 905

2 T R E A T M E N T O F ADMINISTRATIVE DETAINEES: Rights of detained asylum seekers and illegally straying nationals as well as obligations of EU Member States according to EUlegislation and EU legislation in making 906

2.1 Rights of detained asylum seekers and obligations of EU Member States according to the 2003 EU Council Directive laying down standards for the reception of

seekers 906 2.1.1 General 906

Living conditions and facilities 906 Reception and admission 907

1.4 Work Education Training - Sports - Recreation 908 . Food Religion Personal hygiene Medical 908

Consular and legal help 909 2.1.7 Contact with the outside world 909

Detention leave 909 Release - Expulsion 909

2.1.10 2.1.11 Staff 910

Projects 2.2 Rights of detained asylum seekers and obligations of EU Member States according to the 2005 EU Council Directive on minimum standards on procedures in States granting and withdrawing refugee status

2.2.1 General 910 2.2.2 living conditions and facilities 2.2.3 Reception and admission 2.2.4 Work Education - Training Sports - Recreation 2.2.5 Food Personal hygiene arc 2.2.6 Consular and legal help 2.2.7 Contact with the outside world 2.2.8 Detention leave 912 2.2.9 Release - Expulsion 912

Aftercare - Probation Staff 912 Projects 912

2.3. Rights of illegally staying third-country nationals and obligations of EU Member States according to the 2005 EU Commission Proposal for a of the European Parliament and of the Council on common standards and procedures in Member States for returning

third-country nationals 2.3.1 General .'. 913 2.3.2 Living conditions and facilities 2.3.3 Reception and admission 2.3.4 Work Education - Training - Sports - Recreation 2.3.5 Food - Religion - Personal hygiene Medical care 914 2.3.6 Consular and legal help 914 2.3.7 Contact with the outside world 914 2.3.8 Leave of temporary custody 2.3.9 Release - Expulsion 2.3.10 Aftercare 916

Staff 916 2.3.12 Projects 916

3 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION OF ASYLUM SEEKERS AND ILLEGALLY STAYING THIRD-COUNTRY NATIONALS IN EU ACCEEDING AND CANDIDATE COUNTRIES . . 916 4 ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION OF ASYLUM SEEKERS AND ILLEGALLY STAYING THIRD-COUNTRY NATIONALS OUTSIDE THE UNION 916 5 EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Evaluation EU legislation and EL" legislation in the making render detainees

extremely vulnerable and subject to poverty 918 EU legislation and EU legislation in making perpetuate social exclusion as a

multidimensional phenomenon EU legislation and EL" legislation in the making create social exclusion as a

structural phenomenon 5.2 Recommendations for and at a European

Chapter 32 Prisoners Abroad Stephen Kash

I N T R O D U C T I O N 923 2 Si )ME DATA ON NATIONALS DETAINED ABROAD 923

2.1 Number and composition of nationals detained abroad 923 2.2 Countries of detention 924 2.3 Reasons for detention and types of 925

3 RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACTIVITIES O F INVOLVED ORGANISATIONS 927 British Foreign and Commonwealth Office 927

3.2 Prisoners Abroad 927 3.2.1 Survival Grants 927 3.2.2 Reduction of isolation 928 3.2.3 Information 929

3.3 Reception after release 929 3.4 Aftercare 929

APPENDIX I Literature, legislation and websites 933

II Editorial Committee 987

foreigners in european prisons · 2013. 12. 6. · 3 administrative detention of foreign prisoner s...

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