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Forensic Art Pathology 4

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Forensic Art. Pathology 4. Forensic Approximation. Forensic approximation is a process that attempts to recreate unidentified person’s likeness Uses several sciences to make accurate predictions Anthropology Osteology Anatomy There is also an element of art. Forensic Approximation. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Forensic Art

Pathology 4

Forensic Approximation

Forensic approximation is a process that attempts to recreate unidentified person’s likeness

Uses several sciences to make accurate predictionsAnthropologyOsteologyAnatomy

There is also an element of art

Forensic Approximation

Used for non-criminal applications as well as law

Legally controversialFails the Daubert Standard (1993)

Expert testimonyNo two experts would derive the exact same

conclusionNot admissable as evidence in court

Can be used as an investigative aid only

Forensic Approximation

Forensic approximation of the “Spirit Cave Man,” one of only a few complete skeletons found in the

United States over 8,000 years old.

Forensic Approximation

HistoryFirst used in 1883 for archeological digsFirst study of facial tissue thickness was

completedFirst used in forensics in 1962

Identification

Two types of identificationCircumstantial

Individual fits the general profile for a set of skeletal remains

Positive Individual has unique set of characteristics

shared with skeletal remains

Facial reconstructions are the most common

Facial Reconstructions

Generally based on skull, photographs, x-rays

Usually require both an anthropologist and an artist

3 Types2D Reconstruction

Hand drawn or computer generated portraitsFACE and CARES software

3D Reconstruction Includes sculptures, 3D computer imagery

3D Facial Reconstruction

Facial Reconstructions

SuperimpositionOnly useful if there is some idea of the

remains’ identityPlaces a photograph over x-ray of skull and

looks for similarities

Superimposition

Facial Reconstructions

Thorough exam of skull needed Muscle attachments Damage, wounds Shape of skull, eyes, nasal openings

Skull cleaned and damaged areas repaired with wax

Mandible reattached Eyes inserted Pegs used to identify typical tissue thickness Nose is largely an educated guess

Soft Tissue Reconstruction

Limitations of Facial Reconstructions

Insufficient dataFace is extremely complicated

10 muscle groups in human face

Subtle differences between races, sex, body buildsCartilage does not remain

No standardizationDifferent techniques and approaches

SubjectivityWrinkles, birthmarks, skin folds

Famous Reconstructions

In 2005, forensic anthropologists and

artists worked together to create the face of the

legendary King Tut.

Forensic body fluid identification: state of the art

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