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forest adaptation in action: climate change adaptation projects in northern forests

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Maria Janowiak a,b , Todd Ontl a,b , Chris Swanston a,b , Anthony D'Amato c , Leslie Brandt a,b , Patricia Butler a,d , Stephen Handler a,b , Danielle Shannon a,d a Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science b USDA Forest Service c University of Vermont d Michigan Technological University, School of Forest Resources & Environmental Science F OREST A DAPTATION IN A CTION : C LIMATE C HANGE A DAPTATION P ROJECTS IN N ORTHERN F ORESTS

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Page 1: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Maria Janowiaka,b, Todd Ontla,b, Chris Swanstona,b, Anthony D'Amatoc, Leslie Brandta,b, Patricia Butlera,d, Stephen Handlera,b, Danielle Shannona,d

a Northern Institute of Applied Climate Scienceb USDA Forest Servicec University of Vermontd Michigan Technological University,

School of Forest Resources & Environmental Science

FOREST ADAPTATION IN ACTION: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PROJECTSIN NORTHERN FORESTS

Page 2: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Considering Climate Change

Page 3: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Considering Climate Change

Page 4: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Responding to Climate Change

Page 5: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

If you want a single “answer” for how to respond to climate change, it’s:

“It depends”

It depends on where you are working and what you’re trying to achieve.

Page 6: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Forest Adaptation Resources

Adaptation Workbook

Strategies & Approaches

Menu of adaptation actions

• Structured process to integrate climate change considerations into management

• Workbook approach

Swanston et al. 2016; www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/52760

Page 7: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

www.forestadaptation.org/demos

Adaptation Demonstrations(real-world examples)

Page 8: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

What actions can be taken toenhance the ability of a system to

cope with change and

meet conservation goals and objectives?

Page 9: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Adaptation Workbook Process

Janowiak et al. 2014

Page 10: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Adaptation Strategies & ApproachesManagement Goals

& Objectives

Climate Change Impacts

Intent of Adaptation (Option)

Make Idea Specific(Strategy, Approach)

Action to Implement(Tactic)

Challenges & Opportunities

Why it’s important:Helps connect the dots from broad concepts to specific actions for

implementation.

Page 11: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Adaptation DemonstrationsWhat are we learning?

Page 12: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Adaptation Demonstrations

05

101520253035404550

# pr

ojec

ts

Ownership

Ontl et al. in review

Page 13: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Quantitative content analysis of adaptation planning documents (n=44)

Regional: Laurentian Mixed Forest vs. Central Interior Broadleaf Forest (Federal ownership)

Ownership: Federal v. Private (Laurentian Mixed Forest region)

FederalMunicipalNGOPrivateStateTribalUniversity

Page 14: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Pests & pathogens

Soil moisture stress

Altered precipitation (seasonal)

Extreme precipitation

Warmer (seasonal)

Invasives

Longer growing season

Reduced snowpack/ frozen ground

Altered disturbance regimes

Increased wildfire

Increased deer populations

Warmer (annual)

Extreme storms (other than precip)

Increased precipitation (annual)

Increased soil freezing

CO2 fertilization

Early thaw/ late frost

Increase in southern spp.

Temperature extremes

Climate ImpactFrequency

Biological StressorsPrecipitationTemperatureDisturbanceOther

What climate impacts concern managersmost?

Ontl et al. in review

Page 15: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

What actions are managers considering for climate change adaptation?

Page 16: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

What actions are managers considering for climate change adaptation?

Desired Future Condition

TIME

Climate ChangeTrajectory

?

Increasing resources needed to meet DFC

Page 17: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

What actions are managers considering for climate change adaptation?

RESISTANCE

Improve defenses of forest against change Maintain relatively

unchanged conditions

Millar et al. 2007

Page 18: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

What actions are managers considering for climate change adaptation?

RESISTANCE RESILIENCE

Improve defenses of forest against change Maintain relatively

unchanged conditions

Accommodate some degree of change Return to prior condition

after disturbance

Millar et al. 2007

Page 19: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

What actions are managers considering for climate change adaptation?

RESISTANCE RESILIENCE TRANSITION

Improve defenses of forest against change Maintain relatively

unchanged conditions

Accommodate some degree of change Return to prior condition

after disturbance

Facilitate change Enable ecosystem to

respond to new and changing conditions

Millar et al. 2007

Page 20: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

What actions are managers considering for climate change adaptation?

RESISTANCE RESILIENCE TRANSITION

Region Resistance Resilience Transition

Laurentian Mixed Forest 23.8% 48.1% 28.1%

Central Interior Forest 18.0% 37.3% 44.7%

Ontl et al. in review

Page 21: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Resist Change

Prevent the introduction and establishment of invasive plant species and remove existing invasives (4)

Images: Invasives Plants Atlas of New England (www.eddmaps.org)

Page 22: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Resist Change

Prioritize and protect sensitive or at-risk species or communities (9)

www.forestadaptation.org/node/659

Page 23: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Enhance Resilience

Promote diverse age classes (2)

Maintain and restore diversity of native tree species (3)

Retain biological legacies (6)

www.forestadaptation.org/node/375

Page 24: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Enhance Resilience

Maintain or restore soil quality and nutrient cycling (10)

www.forestadaptation.org/node/310

Page 25: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Transition and Transform SystemsFavor or restore native species that are expected to be

better adapted to future conditions (1)

www.forestadaptation.org/carolinelake

Page 26: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Transition and Transform SystemsEmphasize drought- and heat-tolerant species and

populations (8)

www.forestadaptation.org/jerktail_mountain

Page 27: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

Transition and Transform SystemsEmphasize drought- and heat-tolerant species and

populations (8)

www.forestadaptation.org/mte

Page 28: Forest Adaptation in Action: Climate Change Adaptation Projects in Northern Forests

What adaptation looks loke

Same actions–climate change

just makes them that

much more important

Small “tweaks” that improve effectiveness

New & different actions to consider, even some that may seem wild & crazy

*not actual data; individual results will vary


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