forest ecology unit plan - michigan technological...

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Forestry Unit Plan Jenny Doezema Keeping the Doors Open (KDO) A Kalamazoo College and Kalamazoo Public Schools math and science program for at- risk 7 th and 8 th grade youth This Unit plan is designed for the KDO program. We have been running KDO as a math program for 5 years and have just applied for grant funding to add an environmental science component to our program. This Program meets twice a week on K College campus and has field trip access to the college owned Lillian Anderson Arboretum 10 minutes away by van. We will use both the campus outdoors and the Lillian Anderson Arboretum as our forest sites for this Unit. Objectives Students will learn to: Observe and compare an urban forest habitat to a more wild and natural forest habitat Identify and evaluate the availability of natural resources and use of each site Research and discuss the value of forests for human use and natural habitat Create a Biltmore stick Measure the average Height, average DBH, Canopy cover, and vertical structure of a sample plot of forest. Apply mathematical knowledge to evaluate a forest plot Evaluate forest measurement data Present data to local stakeholder Resources are imbedded in the lessons Lesson 1: observations of Urban vs. Wild Forest Lesson 2: Michigan Forest Resources Lesson 3: Michigan Forest Identification Lesson 4: Measuring the Forest Lesson 5: Measuring the Forest; Urban vs. Wild GLCEs S.IP.07.11 Generate scientific questions based on observations, investigations, and research. S.IP.07.13 Use tools and equipment (spring scales, stop watches, meter sticks, and tapes, models, hand lens, thermometer, sieves, microscopes) appropriate to scientific investigations. E.ES.07.41 Explain how human activities (surface mining, deforestation, overpopulation, construction and urban development, farming, dams, landfills, and restoring natural areas) change the surface of the Earth and affect the survival of organisms. A.RP.08.01 Identify and represent linear functions, quadratic functions, and other simple functions including inversely proportional relationships (y = k/x); cubics (y = ax3);

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Page 1: Forest Ecology Unit Plan - Michigan Technological …wupcenter.mtu.edu/education/Forest_Institute/2011/lessons/Forest...circumference and area of a circle to ... Students will first

Forestry Unit Plan Jenny Doezema Keeping the Doors Open (KDO) A Kalamazoo College and Kalamazoo Public Schools math and science program for at-risk 7th and 8th grade youth This Unit plan is designed for the KDO program. We have been running KDO as a math program for 5 years and have just applied for grant funding to add an environmental science component to our program. This Program meets twice a week on K College campus and has field trip access to the college owned Lillian Anderson Arboretum 10 minutes away by van. We will use both the campus outdoors and the Lillian Anderson Arboretum as our forest sites for this Unit. Objectives Students will learn to: Observe and compare an urban forest habitat to a more wild and natural forest habitat Identify and evaluate the availability of natural resources and use of each site Research and discuss the value of forests for human use and natural habitat Create a Biltmore stick Measure the average Height, average DBH, Canopy cover, and vertical structure of a sample plot of forest. Apply mathematical knowledge to evaluate a forest plot Evaluate forest measurement data Present data to local stakeholder Resources are imbedded in the lessons Lesson 1: observations of Urban vs. Wild Forest Lesson 2: Michigan Forest Resources Lesson 3: Michigan Forest Identification Lesson 4: Measuring the Forest Lesson 5: Measuring the Forest; Urban vs. Wild  GLCEs S.IP.07.11 Generate scientific questions based on observations, investigations, and research.  S.IP.07.13 Use tools and equipment (spring scales, stop watches, meter sticks, and tapes, models, hand lens, thermometer, sieves, microscopes) appropriate to scientific investigations.   E.ES.07.41 Explain how human activities (surface mining, deforestation, overpopulation, construction and urban development, farming, dams, landfills, and restoring natural areas) change the surface of the Earth and  affect the survival of organisms.   A.RP.08.01 Identify and represent linear functions, quadratic functions, and other simple functions including inversely proportional relationships (y = k/x); cubics (y = ax3); 

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roots (y = Öx ); and exponentials (y = ax , a > 0); using tables, graphs, and equations.*Solve problems about geometric figures   G.SR.08.03 Understand the definition of a circle; know and use the formulas for circumference and area of a circle to solve problems.   G.SR.08.04 Find area and perimeter of complex figures by sub‐dividing them into basic 

shapes (quadrilaterals, triangles, circles).   G.SR.08.05 Solve applied problems involving areas of triangles, quadrilaterals, and circles. 

Lesson Title:  Observations of Urban Vs. Wild Forest  

Lesson Number: 1 

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Scaffold Question  

Why is Forest Health Important? Why is it important to preserve forest land? 

What impact do humans have on our forest ecosystems?  

Objective/ GLCE 

Students will perform a silent observation of a one‐acre plot preserved forest ecosystem and a one‐acre plot of an urban segment of forest looking for any likenesses or differences.  

Lesson Question How are urban forest sections and less segmented preserved forest sections 

different from one another? 

Materials  

Journal pages, key observation questions observation charts, bug spray, timers, clip boards 

Key Vocabulary 

 Biotic, abiotic, forest health, natural resource, urban forest, non‐segmented 

forest,  land preservation 

Procedures  

 1. Make sure everyone has the materials they need and are aware of the 

task and length of time they will be performing their solo sit and forest observations. Make sure they all understand the signal they will wait for to bring them back to the group. 

2. Take each student to a location in the urban forest section.  Locations should be previously chosen to avoid having students choose spots close to one another or in an area where they can see each other.  You want each student to see only the forest. 

3. Students will first use the observation questions and chart to record what they see and interpret from their surroundings.   

4. They will move to answering natural resources brainstorm questions 5. When they have completed their questions they will sit in their places 

silently for 15 more minutes – time this based on when students finish their questions.  Teacher will wander the area checking in with students for concerns or to see of they are done) 

6. extra observation time will be used to record any feelings that come up or ideas.  They can draw their view or write a story – 15 minutes should be used to just sit still in silence, listen and observe. 

7. Gather back as a group and share observations. 8. Repeat for non‐segmented forest. 9. Discuss differences as a class. Collect observation data gathered and share 

as a class  

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  Solo Sit Observation Chart   Urban forest Plot Wild forest Plot Describe the area in your view

How many large trees L= How many small trees S=

What animals do you see?

Assessment Journal observations, answers to observation questions and discussion questions, and graphs   

Resources/ Experiential Learning 

 

 Look into how much non‐segmented forest land is available in Michigan and the U.S. 

Extension Ideas 

Research online:  How large of sections of non‐segmented forestland do we have in the area?  Where is this land?  What is the comparison between natural resources used in our community and natural resources that we have available around us?  Is this a different picture if you live in New Mexico or Arizona?  

 http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7‐153‐30301‐‐‐,00.html   

Michigan forestry maps 

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What insects do you see?

Describe the forest floor. Lots of plants? Just a few? Big plants? Is it dense? Are there many baby trees? What else?

Can you see a lot of the sky

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through the trees?

How do you feel in your spot? Do you like it? Do you feel scared? Etc.?

Resource List Please list any resources one my gain from your forest area. What would needs would this are meet and for whom? Urban forest Plot Wild forest Plot

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Lesson Title:  Michigan Forest Resources

 Lesson Number: 2 

Scaffold Question  

Why is Forest Health Important? 

What impact do humans have on our forest ecosystems?  

Objective/ GLCE 

Students will learn the important resources gained from a healthy forest.  

Lesson Question  What natural resources do Michigan forests provide? 

Materials  

Resource list from lesson 1, Computer lab, Question sheet, cause assignments and explanations. rubric 

Key Vocabulary Forest products, limited resource, natural resource, local economy, pulp, board 

feet, cord wood, rare species, habitat, segmentation 

Procedures  

 1. Hand out resource sheets from solo sit day 2. Ask students to share in pairs what they come up with for resources 

during their solo sit. If they can add to this list during their pair share please do. 

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3. Make a class list of known resources from our two forest plots 4. What is the difference between the resources available from the urban 

plot and the wild plot?  Discuss reasons for this  Segmentation: (some ideas you can look for but ask students to look for evidence of this during their research) a.  Leads to limited resource availability b. Prevents new species introduction c. Limits animal and insect and bird inhabitant who need more space 

or un‐segmented land to range.  d. Pavement and compaction alter water flow e. Urban structures change temperature variations, rainwater 

penetration, and reflectivity  

5. Explain to class that we want to find out how productive forests are and what the different uses for forestland are.  Then we will take a look at uses that are more important. 

6. Divide the class into groups and give each group a section to research.  We have to decide best use for the Lillian Anderson Arboretum (mock scenario) and you must argue, with evidence to back you up, for the use you have been given to research.  Please find evidence to support your cause.) Uses include: wood production, trout stream, campground, snowmobiling, plantation, rare species area, jobs in a rural town, deer habitat, or preserve and hiking trails, or preserve as a research site and close to the public.   Each group should develop a rationale to maximize their objective and present their conclusions to the class.  Groups will get extra points for finding evidence against the cause of a rival group.  The Lillian Anderson Arboretum is a 70‐acre relic from and old farm.  It has been untouched for 100 years.  It is mostly wooded yet has a few open areas that have been planted with prairie species by the College.  The College may have to let this piece of property go due to funding shortages.  They must decide if they can find a use for the land that would benefit the community and/or the school. 

7. Students are to present their arguments to the class next program day in the form of a poster.  Posters should include numbers, graphs and charts to support your cause wherever possible.  Posters will be displayed in a spot with high visibility.   

8. Groups will be judged on verbal and poster presentation, supporting facts, and dedication to cause.   

9. See Rubric.   http://mff.dsisd.net/Balance/UseWood.htm#How%20much%20wood http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/EcologyForests.htm#Function http://mff.dsisd.net/Recreation/Ownership.htm http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/EcologyWildlife.htm 

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http://rvdailyreport.com/news/id/13148/forest‐health‐issues‐close‐washington‐state‐park‐campground 

http://www.foresthealth.org/pdf/Modern%20Forestry%20and%20Climate%20Change.pdf http://www.nhdfl.org/forest-health/ http://dnr.wi.gov/forestry/usesof/bmp/bmptroutstreams.htm Above are several helpful resources for debate projects. Send each student home with a copy of “A healthy forest gives us” Handoutfoundatthefollowingwebsite:http://fhm.fs.fed.us/pubs/fhncs/chapter1/a_healthy_forest.htm

Ahealthyforestgivesus...

Biodiversity: Itisveryimportanttomaintaindiversityoflivingorganismsinourforestecosystems.Diversitygivesecosystemsstabilityandhelpsthemdealwithvariousstressfactors.Fromahumanperspective,havingavarietyoforganismspresentisaestheticallypleasing.Inaddition,manyspeciesmayinonewayoranotherbenefitpeopleandbeofusetous.Someoftheseuseswealreadyknowabout,buttherealsomaybeotherundiscovereduses.

Thebestwaytoencouragehighlevelsofbiodiversityistohaveagoodmixtureofhabitatswithinourforests.Thismeansmaintainingacombinationofvariousforesttypes,treeages,andspeciescompositions.Healthyforestsusuallyhaveamosaicofstandconditionspresent.

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Habitatandwildlife:ResidentsintheUnitedStatesspendover$6billionannuallyontripswherewildlifeisthemajorattraction.Wildlifeusedifferentpartsoftheforestforfood,shelter,andprotection.Bothlivinganddeadtreesareimportantforvariouswildlifespecies.Manyspeciesarequitespecificinthekindsofconditionstheyneedtothriveandthereforetheyareoftenassociatedonlywithaparticulartypeorageofforeststand.

Protectionofsoil: Forestshelptopreventerosion,orthewearingawayofsoilthroughtheactionofwindandwater.Thecanopyofleavesintheforestshieldsthegroundfromthehardpoundingactionofrain,slowingandsofteningitsfalltotheforestfloor.Plantsalsocontributeorganicmaterialtosoilwhichhelpssoilabsorbandholdwater.Thispreventsthewaterfromrunningoffrapidlyacrossthesurface,carryingsoilwithit.Lessvisiblethanthemovementoflargesoilparticlesbutequallyimportant,plantsintheforesthelptopreventthelossofimportantnutrientsfromthesoil.Theykeepnutrientsfrombeingwashedawayacrossthesurfaceofthelandbyrainfall.Also,byabsorbingnutrientsefficientlywiththeirlargespreadingrootsystemstheypreventnutrientsfrombeingtransportedbywaterdeepdownintothesoilwheretheywouldbeunavailabletotheplantsandanimalsthatneedthem.

Protectionofwaterandair:Forestsfilterlargeamountsofwaterandair,whichflowthroughthem.Thisfilteringactionhelpstrapsomekindsofpollutantsandremovethemfromcontinuedcirculation.Forestsareimportantinincreasingtheamountandqualityofdrinkingwateravailabletopeopleandalsoareimportantinprovidinguswithoxygen.

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Products:Foresttreesprovideuswithlumberforbuildingandwoodthatisusedtomakeavarietyofproductssuchasfurniture,containers,andpaper.Theannualvalueofwoodproductsisapproximately$3billioninbothIndianaandMissouri,$8billioninMinnesota,$9billioninMichigan,and$15billioninWisconsin.

Jobs:Forestsarelinkeddirectlyorindirectlytoalargenumberofjobs.Thereareover60,000peopleemployedinforestry‐relatedjobsinMissouri,80,000inIndiana,110,000inMinnesota,190,000inWisconsin,and150,000inMichigan.

Recreation: Peopleuseforestareasforagreatmanyrecreationalactivities.Hiking,camping,hunting,fishing,skiing,birdwatching,andphotographyareactivitiespeopleliketodoinforests.Peoplevaluehavingforestsavailablefortheseandotherrecreationalusesandenjoytheshelter,shade,andspiritualcomfortthattheforestprovides.Over830millionvisitorswererecordedusingnationalforestlandsforvariousrecreationalactivitiesin1996.

Aesthetics:Forestsenhancethebeautyofthelandscape,providingrichandvariedsceneryenjoyedbytouristsaswellasbythosewholiveneartheforests.Activitiescenteringaroundappreciationoftheaestheticnatureofforests,suchasautumncolortouring,arecommonintheNorthCentralRegion.Theseactivitiesdrawagreatmanyvisitorstoforestareasannually.ForestrelatedtourismandrecreationinMichiganaccountsfor50,000jobs,andcontributes$3billionannuallytothestateseconomy.

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A forest with a Cause Points possible total of 20 per area

0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20

All info relevant to given cause

Confident presenters

5 supporting facts, resources from dependable source and persuasive

Able to talk about

Taken From:  

ForestEcologyUnit:InvestigatingWhatMakesaHealthyForestByCindyRuotsi

      

Assessment Posters and presentation (See Rubric)  

Resources/ Experiential Learning 

 

Invite representatives from one or more of the cause who are invested in the local politics around one of these issues to talk with the KDO students.   

Extension Ideas 

Research online:  How large of sections of non‐segmented forestland do we have in the area?  Where is this land?  What is the comparison between natural resources used in our community and natural resources that we have available around us?  Is this a different picture if you live in New Mexico or Arizona?   

Research the history of forestry. 

Watch “The Greatest Good” put out by the U.S. forest service.  

 

 http://www.plt.org/focus‐on‐forests‐activity‐4‐‐‐tough‐choices 

 Project learning tree lesson that could replace this lesson if it’s a better fit. 

 

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topic – straying from paper during discussion –shows knowledge learned Poster is well laid out, includes all aspects of argument, can be understood on its own, looks presentable

Poster includes one or more graphs which help explain your argument

Lesson Title:  Forest Resources and Tree identification

 Lesson Number: 3 

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Scaffold Question  

Why is Forest Health Important? 

How do we measure forest health 

What impact do humans have on our forest ecosystems?  

Objective/ GLCE 

Students will learn to identify tree species using a dichotomous key.   

Lesson Question  How do we identify trees? 

Materials 

  7 Dice, 7 copies of Tree ID terms and pics correlated to dice, Art supplies, 20 copies of Dichotomous key, blank paper, groups assigned, tree ID books (as an extra resource) Michigan Trees: A Guide to the Trees of the Great Lakes Region

by Barnes, Burton and Wagner, Warren 

Key Vocabulary 

 Simple, Lobed, Compound, Single, Clustered, Scaly, Simple Opposite, Lobed

Opposite, Simple Alternate, Lobed Alternate, Compound Alternate, Compound Opposite, Conifer,

Deciduous, dichotomous key  

Procedures  

1. Who cares if they are healthy or not? Review from cause debates – why is it important that forests are healthy? 

2. Lets get started on how to evaluate the health of a forest.  Before we can really concern ourselves with trying to tell if a forest is healthy we need to understand what we are looking at.  We are going to learn some tree ID terms and strategies.   

3. Break students up into groups with 3‐4 students per group 4. Pass out pages of ID terms with sample pictures.  

http://www4.uwsp.edu/cnr/leaf/Adobe/IDTerms.pdf 5. Students will us this and a dice.  The dice numbers will correspond to 

terms on the ID sheet.   6. Students will take turns rolling the dice until each student in a group has 4 

different terms to work with.   7. The group will use art supplies given to create their own tree using the 

terms from their roles. These will be shared with the class. 8. This should give students sufficient practice with terms.  Next give them 

dichotomous key (the key will be limited to the possible trees in the area.) send them out to explore the campus in groups to practice identifying actual trees.   

9. Report back with a list of trees found on K College Campus.   10. According to your chart on the back of the key packet what are these trees 

best used for?    

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Assessment  Self created leaf, campus tree list with uses.   

Resources/ Experiential Learning 

 

Find your solo sit spot from your urban forest plot.  What kinds of trees were you looking at during your sit? 

Extension Ideas Use a full dichotomous key and go to a diverse plot of forest and see what you can identify. 

   

Lesson Title:  Measuring the forest  

Lesson Number: 4 

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Scaffold Question  

Why is Forest Health Important? 

What impact do humans have on our forest ecosystems?  

Objective/ GLCE 

Students will learn to measure different indicators of forest health.  Students will build a Bitlmore Stick and learn to use it in the field Students will work together to gather data necessary for a full forestry data report. The report will be presented to the Director of the Lillian Anderson Arboretum  

Lesson Question  How do we measure forest health and productivity? 

Materials 30 Pieces of ½ “ by 2” by 35” in lengths of wood, Worksheet packet for each group, Tutors who have been equipped before hand with the skills to guide 

students with each forest measurement. 

Key Vocabulary 

Biltmore Stick, vertical stand structure, sapling, Pole timber, and saw timber, canopy cover, ground cover density, Stand density, Saw timber, board feet, 

merchantable height, recreation, wildlife,   

Procedures  

1. We will start outside with 4 leads that have been previously mentored on how to use the Biltmore stick. 

2. Each of the 4 leads will be given a group and will take their group to their own area of the Quad on campus _ a large area with big oak and maple trees.  

3. The lead will show the group how to use the Biltmore stick and give a few students and opportunity to try it. 

4. Students will return to the rooms to build their own stick. 5. Large group will be divided into groups of 6 and will work with lead 

tutor to follow the printed directions from         

    www.tree‐tech.com/reports/biltmore_stick.xhtml  6. Students will work on Biltmore sticks until finished. 7. Students will then go out and measure 2 trees and use the instructions 

from the website to calculate board feet.  

  

Assessment  Biltmore Stick   

Resources/ Experiential Learning 

 

 

Extension Ideas  Take the Biltmore stick back outside and follow directions on the Tree‐tech 

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website for calculating Board feet and merchantable height of the trees.  Try   this out on a few trees.  

   

Lesson Title:  Measuring the forest  

Lesson Number: 5 

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Scaffold Question  

Why is Forest Health Important? 

 

Objective/ GLCE 

Students will learn to measure different indicators of forest health.  Students will work together to gather data necessary for a full forestry data report. The report will be presented to the Director of the Lillian Anderson Arboretum  

Lesson Question How do we measure forest health and productivity? How does a plot in the  

urban campus section of forest compare with a Lillian Anderson Plot. 

Materials Tutors who have been equipped before hand with the skills to guide students with each forest measurement, hand outs describing each measurement group.  

Key Vocabulary Vertical stand structure, sapling, Pole timber, and saw timber, canopy cover, 

ground cover density, Stand density,    

Procedures  

 (A typical classroom will want to work this lesson quite differently.  It is organized for the KDO program, which has the opportunity to go to the Arboretum once in the fall and once in the spring for 2 hours.  I have as many K College Tutors as I do middle school students. The tutors will assist students in the activities and allow for a large amount to be completed in one field trip.)   Urban Forest Plot 

1. Tutors will receive the description, agenda and roles a week ahead of the lesson day.  I will choose a lead for each measurement group.  They will be pulled aside prior to the field trip for a short practice session and check in on the measurement approach to make sure all is understood and taught correctly. 

2. Students will be divided in as many groups as there are measurements o be taken. 

3. Each group will measure a circle plot using these formulas a. Red Pine – 1/20th acre – 26.33’ radius b. For all living trees > 5” DBH measure diameter and height to 4” 

top. c. For all standing dead trees > 10” DBH measure DBH and total 

height. d. Hardwoods – 1/10th acre – 37.24’ radius e. Same as red pine  f. Regeneration – 1/500th acre – 5.26’ radius g. Count seedlings and saplings by 1” diameter class; estimate 

diameter h.  

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i. Look around each area while walking through and note the amount of down dead wood, standing dead trees in the area, wildlife sign, and conifer/hardwood mix and under story vegetation. 

 j. See http://forest.mtu.edu/classes/fw2051 for more 

measurement information.  A‐J taken from James C. Rivard Professor of Forestry, Michigan Technological 

Institute. �[email protected] 4. Once a group has measured their plot each group will draw an 

overhead look map 5. Each group will take one measurement section and use the 

attached field study instructions a. Vertical stand structure b. DBH for each tree (lesson 3) c. Tree height for each tree (lesson 3) d. Crown class e. Percent of crown cover  

6.  Vertical height taken from Forestry Field Studies: A manual for Science Teachers.  The data chart and crown class instructions are taken from Derrell Hendrickson at Calumet School from his middle school forestry project packet. 

7. If groups have time to switch measurement leads and move to learning a second measurement this will be done.  This will allow groups to experience more than one forest measurement strategy. 

8. They will use extra time to identify trees in their plots, make sure all data is present, and labeled correctly 

9. Repeat for Arboretum site. 10. Data will be taken back to the classroom and compiled. 11. Next program day will be used to put together a formal report of 

data to present to the Arboretum director. 12. As a reflection on the Unit Students will write paragragh 

evaluating their experience with forestry  

 

Assessment  Data sheets, Reflection 

Resources/ Experiential 

 

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Assessment for KDO forestry Unit Students will be evaluated for understanding throughout this Unit. The KDO program will have a final forestry field test, which will require that they use all of their tools learned form this Unit. The evaluation will be performed on campus in our urban forest plot. Each pair of students will have one K College student walk with them to their site and work with them to move along in a timely fashion. The work to answer questions must be done alone.

1. Draw a sketch of the Urban Forest plot that has bee the focus of this Unit.

2. Find the tree you sat next to on our first Solo sit activity. Mark it on the map.

3. Measure a rough circle plot with that tree as your center point. How many of this same tree species are in your circle plot?

4. Estimate how many Trees in your plot do you think would be useful for timber products

5. Choose 2 trees and measure DBH and height

6. Draw a vertical stand diagram of your plot and estimate canopy cover.

Learning  

Extension Ideas Continue to collect Data at this site.  Design a project to help maintain or improve the quality of this forest. 

   

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7. In your opinion what would be the best use for this Urban Plot?