2006-04-15

Forest Products Industry NanotechnologyWorkshop Report

European perspective: NanoForestExcerpts from some R&D activities

ByTom Lindström

STFI-Packforsk/KTH

Tom.Lindstrom@stfi.se +46(8) 67 67 370

2006 International Conference onNanotechnology, April 26-28, 2006Atlanta, GA

2006-04-15

”Towards a European Strategy for Nanotechnology”

White Paperby the

Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, May 12, 2004

2006-04-15

Conclusion from the Commision

”The process of preparing roadmaps is useful initself since it requires all stakeholders to interact and think about possible developments, challenges, impact and future needs. However, a generic roadmap for nanotechnology isunrealistic since the field is too broad. Instead,roadmaps should be applied to market sectors thathave reached sufficient maturity. Several roadmaps are being prepared….”

”NanoForest Roadmap” for the Forest Products Cluster

2006-04-15

Roadmap for the Forest Products Industry; ”NanoForest Road Map”

“The overall objective of NANOFOREST is to recognize new and emerging developments in nanotechnology and related areas suitable for practical application in the forest products sector. As an important task NANOFOREST will search for relevant European inter-disciplinary research, networking and international cooperation to promote the collaboration between the forest products industry cluster and relevant fields of nanotechnologies and nanosciences. The question NANOFOREST aims to answer is if nanotechnology can provide the forest products industry with radical innovative changes in its production processes in order to enhance competitiveness of the products or find new ‘smart’ product areas, along with an improved sustainability.

2006-04-15

Sustainpack Platform-a Large EU 6 IP-program aiming at implementing some Nanotechnology elements in the FP-sector

Sustainable Packaging Tool Platformfulfilling packaging demandsusing renewable resources

LeanInteractive

Transparent

BarrierProtectiveEfficient

Safe

3D

The objective is to establish breakthroughs

in the fibre based packaging value chain

2006-04-15

An Integrated Project in the EU 6th Framework Research ProgrammeIn the area of 'Nanotechnologies and nanosciences, knowledge-based multifunctional materials and new production processes and devices'Includes 35 partners from 12 countriesTotal budget 30 M€ over 4 years, of which 16,8 M€from EU.Started June 2004 and ends May 2008Co-ordinator STFI-Packforsk AB, Sweden.

Innovation and Sustainable Development in the Fibre Based Packaging Value Chain

2006-04-15

Lean and EffectiveFibre Based Packaging

Fibre BasedComposite Films

ProtectiveCoatings

3D CompositePackaging

Communicative Packaging

Managem

entD

isse

min

atio

nTraining

Dem

onst

r atio

nInput to Research through

A Technology Mapping Process

Material Research Sub-Projects

SustainPack EU 6th Framework Program (IP)

2006-04-15

Major Nanotechnology Domains Identified for the Forest Products Sector

Nanocoatings using cellulose microfibrils/nanoclays/ Gas, oil resistance, weathering/UV resistance. (packaging materials,structural wood materials)

Nanostructured surfaces (superhydrophobicity)

A. Nanocomposite/composite cellulosic materialsNanocomposites using cellulose microfibrils/nanoclaysUse of cellulose microfibrils in pmkg

B. Nanocoatings

2006-04-15

(Sakurada et al)

Data for Data for RamieRamieEEII = 137 = 137 GPaGPa

Modulus of MFC?

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Microfibrillated Cellulose MFCTurbak, A.F., Snyder, F.W. and Sandberg, K.R.J. Appl. Polym. Science. Applied Pol. Symp. 37(1983)

But: Very high energy consumption!

Microfibrillar Cellulose (MFC) first produced by Turbak and co-workers at ITT in the beginning of the 80´s

Disintegration Disintegration ((homogenizationhomogenization))

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Micro Fibrillated Cellulose (MFC)“NanoCellulose” after the Millenium

1st Gen 2nd Gen

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AFM-imaging of MFC20 nm Microfibrils (1st Gen)

Height Phase

AFM-images (Laine, 2004)Scan size: 1 µm, Z-range : 40 nm

1 μm 1 μm

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Surface Application of MFC on SC-Magazine Paper (SEM)

2006-04-15

STFI-Packforsk, 2nd Gen. Nanocellulose

TEM-NanoCellulose (Width: 17nm/Length in excess of 1000nm)

2006-04-15

Stress-Strain curves for different MFCs and linerboard

Kraft Linerboard

Courtesy: Berglund, KTH

STFI-MFC 1st gen.STFI-MFC 2nd gen.

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Strength and Ductility

Courtesy: Berglund, KTH

2006-04-15

Strength at yield point of the 50% MFC-starch composites

0

10

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

LDP E HDP E HI P S P ET Bi oc omposi t e s

Strength at yield of the 50% MFC-starch biocomposites compared to some commercial polymers

Courtesy: Berglund, KTH

2006-04-15

The Sheffield-Hallam University DENA Clay exfoliation System

Courtesy: C.Breen, SHU

2006-04-15

Disordered exfoliated

nanocomposite

Clay layer

Cationic surfactant

polymer

Ordered intercalated nanocomposite

A: ‘Traditional’phase-separated microcomposite

‘XRD silent'

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Nanocomposite films with very low Mw chitosan modified Na+ Cloisite

B: PVOH 0.5 CEC dried clay - SILENTC: PVOH 1 CEC dried clay – EX/INTE: chitosan 0.5 CEC dried clay – INT/EXF: chitosan 1 CEC dried clay - INTERCALATED

(C. Breen, 2005, SustainPack)

2006-04-15

Major Nanotechnology Domains Identified for the Forest Products Sector

C. Nanocoating/particle incorporation-applications

Intelligent food packaging: Nanoparticles to change colour when subjected to oxidation/temperature/humidity…. Nanobarcodes. UV-protection. Antimicrobial treatments (TiO2 nanoparticles…)

Hygiene products. Antimicrobial surfaces, drug delivery systems, odor control, fragrance release (e.g cyclodextrins), biosensors…..

2006-04-15

QuickTime och enTIFF (LZW)-dekomprimerare

krävs för att kunna se bilden.

2006-04-15

Major Nanotechnology Domains Identified for the Forest Products Sector. Domains with Advanced Research Activities

Toposelective nano-engineered cellulosic surfaces. Classical papermaking and for cellulosic composites

D. Surface modification of cellulose

2006-04-15

Concept of Grafting of Cell. Derivatives

Chemical additives with two functionalities- One functionality for irreversible

bonding to fibres (literature revealsthat β 1-4 glucans and mannansinteract with cellulose)

- One functionality for aidinteractions

- Toposelectivity can becontrolled by changing theMw of the polymer

- e.g Carboxymethylcellulose

COO- R+

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Influence of CMC-graftingon the Stress-Strain Curve

(Bleached SW Kraft)

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CMC-grafted Fibres

Laine J, LindströmT, Bremberg Ch and Glad-Nordmark G (2003)Nordic Pulp and Paper Res. J. 18: 3, 326-333

2006-04-15

Tensile Strength as a Function of Density for Beaten and CMC-

Treated Pulps

Density [kg/m3]400 450 500 550 600 650

Tensile index [Nm/g]

0

10

20

30

40

50

CMC-treated, Na-form

PFI-beaten, Na-form

Laine J,Lindström T, Glad-Nordmark G and Risinger G (2002)Nordic Pulp and Paper Res. J., 17:1, 50-56.

2006-04-15

Bad Formation (left) vs Good Formation (right) (Betaradiographs)

2006-04-15

Electrostatic Repulsion Lowers Friction between Surfaces

2006-04-15

Effect of CMC-grafting on Fibre Dispersion

Bleached softwood kraft pulpFibre concentration: 5 g/l Flow velocity: 8 m/s

Friction reduction Huawei Yan, Ph.D.thesis, KTH, 2004

2006-04-15

Principles of PEM Treatment

Decher, GScience 277(1997)1235

2006-04-15

Properties of Paper Formed from Treated Fibres

Influence of multilayers on paper strength

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Layer Number

Tens

ile in

dex

(kN

m/k

g)

Dry propertiesWet properties

PAH as outer layer

PAA as outer layer

Without heating no wet strength !!

Courtesy:Wågberg (KTH)

2006-04-15

Nacre (Mother of Pearl) and its equivalent biomimetic structure (left) and anionic montmorillonite layered with a cationic polyelectrolyte (Kotov et al Nature (2003),423 925)

2006-04-15

A Biomimetic Approach to Cellulose Fibre Modification

from Rose & Bennett, Trends in Plant Sci., 1999.

XET

XET

XET

modified XGO

high affinity of XG for celluloseability of XET to modify XG

© 2005 M. Baumann

Courtesy. Baumann and Teeri (KTH)

2006-04-15

Proof-of-principle

XET

bind

XG

XGO-FITC

XG-FITC

• Adsorption of XG-FITC onto paper readily observed

• Incorporation of XGO-FITC into XG easily monitored

Brumer H, Zhou Q, Baumann MJ, Carlsson K, Teeri TT (2004) J Am Chem Soc, 126, 5715-5721. ©20

05 M

. Bau

man

n

Courtesy. Baumann and Teeri (KTH)

2006-04-15

Major Nanotechnology Domains Identified for the Forest Products Sector. Domains with Emerging Research Activities

Electrospinning and biomimetic spinning using liquid crystal cellulosics

E. Cellulosic nanofibres

F. Self-assembly and functionalized cellulosic nanorods (fundamentals)

2006-04-15

Cellulose Micro/Nanofibres through Electrospinning

(NewCell, VinTekes)

2006-04-15

Self-assembly and functionalized cellulosic nanorods

NanoCell,VinTekes

2006-04-15

Major Nanotechnology Domains Identified for the Forest Products Sector. Domains with Advanced Research Activities

Organic thin film field-effect transistors (OTFT´s)

Organic electronic liquid displays (OLED´s)

E-ink, E-paper etc

G. Flexible Electronics on Paper/Interactive Paper

2006-04-15

Consilience of Technologies for the Customer through Paradigm Shifting

Technology

Electronicson the paper

PaperDisplays

Logistics

RFID

ElectronicSensors

Services (e.g. MIT, ACREO, KTH)

Advertisingmarket

2006-04-15

Smart Package Based on RFIDMass check out Track products through their entire lifetime.Postal package trackingSecurity tracking

Courtesy:Li-Rong ZhengKTH, 2004

2006-04-15

Sensing, Memory, Computing, Display, and Communication on Smart Package

Help! I am kidnapped!

I am 50% off

Date: 2004-6-1Temp: 21C Date: 2004-6-5Temp: 39C

Courtesy: Li-Rong Zheng KTH, 2004

2006-04-15

Focus: Technology Fusion and System Integration on Paper and Paper-Based Substrates

Paper & Fiber Production

Organic/Polymer Electronics:

materials and devices

Inkjet printing & laser printing

Communication and Computing Technologies

Interconnections & Packaging,

Manufacturing,Sensors and

Flexible DisplaysTechnology

Fusion & System Integration

(system design and implementation low cost integration and assembly,

design for manufacturability& robustness)

Micro-nanoelectric

Circuits & Systems

Communication Process,media

technology

E-ink, power ink and other chemicals

Bio, micro-nanoelectronics

Processing

Courtesy: Li-Rong Zheng KTH, 2004

2006-04-15

General Observations on Nanotechnology Trends in the Forest

Products Sector in EuropeFunding (at this moment) driven by industrial needs (e.g SustainPack) rather than scientific curiosity

Industry is a very interested observer-renewed interest in long-term paradigm-shifting technologies (?)

EU Commision active in pursuing Nanotechnology not only for high-tech. industry but also for base industries

Biomimetics-a major source for inspiration

Top-down rather than bottom-up approaches sofar

2006-04-15

Thank you for Your attention!

Acknolwledgements to all contributors and financiers and

the EU Commision!