Bruno Ahrends Bruno Ahrends was born in Berlin in 1878. He ran his own business in Berlin, but in 1936 he had to flee, initially to Italy, then to England in 1939. Without a source of income, he and his wife barely survived and in 1948 decided to join their two sons in South Africa. Bruno Ahrends died near Capetown that same year.

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Alfons Anker Alfons Anker was born in Berlin in 1872. He practiced architecture in Berlin, first on his own, then in partnership with the Luckhardt brothers. This successful partnership came to an abrupt end in 1933 when his partners joined the National Socialist Party. In 1939 he managed to flee to Sweden, but never succeeded in re-establishing his career as an architect. Anker died in Stockholm in 1958.

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Alexander Beer Alexander Beer, born in Hammerstein (today Czarne in Poland) in 1873, lived and worked in Berlin. In 1943 Beer was deported to Theresienstadt concentration camp, where he died in 1944.!!

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Ella Briggs Ella Briggs was born in Vienna in 1880. She lived and worked in New York and Vienna before moving to Berlin. In 1936 she applied for a British work permit, which was declined. Briggs fled back to Vienna and finally moved to England in 1939. She died in London in 1977.!

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Georg Falck Georg Falck, born in Landeck (today Ledyczek, Poland) in 1878, studied architecture in Berlin, but from 1907 lived and worked in Cologne where he realised some 200 architectural projects. In 1933 he and his family fled to Holland. In Amsterdam they survived in hiding until the end of the war. Falck died in a New York Hospital in May 1947, just six weeks after he and his family had emigrated to the USA.

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Fred Forbat Fred Forbat was born in Pécs, Hungary, in 1897 and lived and worked in Berlin until 1933 when he returned to Pécs. In 1938 he had to flee again, this time to Lund, Sweden, where he became a successful city planner of international acclaim. He died in Sweden in 1972.

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Rudolf Fränkel Rudolf Fränkel was born in Neisse (today Nysa, Poland) in 1901. He established a successful architectural practice in Berlin. In 1933 he fled to Bucharest, where he began a new career. In 1937 he relocated to London, where he managed to continue practicing. Eventually he moved to the USA, where he was appointed Professor for Architecture at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. He died in Ohio in 1974.

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Ernst Ludwig Freud Ernst Ludwig Freud, the son of Sigmund Freud, was born in Vienna in 1892. He studied architecture in Vienna, but settled in Berlin in 1919 where he began his career as an architect. In 1933 he managed to flee to London, where he continued working until he retired in 1966. Freud died in London in 1970. !

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Marie Frommer Marie Frommer was born in Warsaw in 1890. She lived and worked in Berlin and fled to London in 1936. In 1940 she emigrated to New York, where she continued working as an interior architect. She died in New York in 1976.

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Alfred Gellhorn Alfred Gellhorn, born in 1885 in Ohlau (today Olawa, Poland) first lived and worked in Halle, then from 1926 in Berlin. In 1933 he fled to Spain, two years later to London, then to Latin America. He was appointed consultant to the Colombian government in Bogotá, but later moved to Argentina. He finally returned to Berlin in the 50s, where he was involved in architectural projects. Gellhorn died in London in 1972.

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Erwin Anton Gutkind Erwin Anton Gutkind was born in Berlin in 1886. He realised various housing estates in Berlin before he fled to Paris in 1931. Two years later, he moved to London where he worked as an architectural consultant and writer. In 1956 he emigrated to Philadelphia, USA, to take-up a teaching position. He died in Philadelphia in 1968.

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Wilhelm Haller Wilhelm Haller was born in Gleiwitz (today Gliwice in Poland) in 1884 and worked as an architect in Leipzig. In 1933 he fled to Tel Aviv, Palestine, where he died in 1956.

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Franz Hillinger Franz Hillinger was born in Oradea, Romania, in 1895. He later ran a successful architectural business with Bruno Taut. He fled to Turkey in 1937, where he rekindled his partnership with Taut. In 1951 he moved to the USA to join his family, but was ultimately denied immigration rights. Two years later he returned to Turkey, but in 1956 finally settled in New York, where he died in 1973.

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Hans Sigmund Jaretzki Hans Sigmund Jaretzki was born in Berlin in 1890. There he lived and worked before emigrating to England via Holland and France. Once settled in London, he built villas, factories, and synagogues. He died in London in 1956.

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Alexander Klein Alexander Klein, born in Odessa in 1879, lived and worked as an architect and city planner in St. Petersburg and later in Berlin. He fled Germany in 1934 and emigrated to Palestine where he became an important urban planner. In 1960 Klein and his family emigrated again, this time to New York, where he died the same year. !

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Arthur Korn Arthur Korn was born in Breslau (today Wroclaw, Poland) in 1891. He and his partner Siegfried Weitzmann practiced architecture in Berlin. Korn managed to emigrate to London where he later taught architecture and headed the MARS Group. In 1966 he moved to Austria, where he died in 1978. !

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Ferdinand Kramer Ferdinand Kramer was born in Frankfurt am Main in 1898. The Westhausen Estate was one of his first major architecture projects. Kramer wasnʼt Jewish, but was a partner in a mixed marriage, forcing him and his wife to emigrate to the USA in 1938. There he managed to re-establish his career, but in 1952 was invited back to Frankfurt. He died in his hometown in 1985. !

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Walter Kretschmer Walter Kretschmer lived and worked in Berlin where he shared a practice with Arthur-Abraham Schragenheim. His family background and fate are unknown.

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Fritz Landauer Fritz Landauer, born in Augsburg in 1883, lived and worked in Munich. In 1937 he and his wife fled to London, where they joined their children. However, Landauer never managed to re-establish his architectural career and survived by designing and selling tombstones. He died in 1968.

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Siegfried Latté Siegfried Latté was born in Thorn in 1884. After studying architecture in Berlin, he worked as an architect and interior designer. In 1938 Latté died of cancer in Berlin.

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Moritz Ernst Lesser Moritz Ernst Lesser was born in Berlin in 1882 where he later lived and worked as an architect. He fled to Lisbon in 1934, where he continued to practice, albeit without having been granted a work permit. Lesser died in Lisbon in 1958.

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Leopold Lustig Leopold Lustig, born in Kattowitz (today Katowice, Poland) in 1889, lived and worked as an architect in Dresden. He fled to Tel Aviv, Palestine, in 1934 where he resumed his career. He died in Tel Aviv in 1980.

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Fritz Marcus Fritz Marcus was born in Dessau in 1888. He was working as an architect in Berlin when he and his wife had to flee first to Paris, then to Spain. In Barcelona they ran a bar in order to keep solvent, but when they were accused by the Spanish authorities of being Gestapo spies, they fled back to France where they survived as gardeners and housekeepers near Nice. In 1939 they managed to escape to London, where in 1946 Fritz (Frederick Lucas) became Head of Furniture and Interior Design at the Central School of Art and Craft. He died in London in 1975.

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Emanuel Josef Margold Emanuel Josef Margold was born in Vienna in 1889 and later lived and worked in Berlin. In 1938 he fled to Bratislava, where he died in 1962.!

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Leo Nachtlicht Leo Nachtlicht, born in Bielitz (today Bielsko-Biala, Poland) in 1872, lived and worked in Berlin. In 1938, he unsuccessfully applied for a work permit in London. He died in Berlin in 1942.

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Gustav Oelsner Gustav Oelsner, born 1879 in Posen (today Poznan, Poland), was responsible for urban planning in Hamburg, but was fired in 1933 for being Jewish. In 1937 he fled to the USA, but was advised to emigrate to Turkey shortly before the outbreak of WWII. There he worked as an architectural consultant to the Turkish government. After the war in 1948, he was invited to return to Germany by the municipality of Hamburg to help rebuild the city. Oelsner died in Hamburg in 1956.

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Martin Albrecht Punitzer Born in 1889, Martin Albrecht Punitzer lived and worked in Berlin until he was deported to Oranienburg concentration camp in 1938. He was released after three weeks and managed to flee to Santiago de Chile where he died ten years later.

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