forklift safety
DESCRIPTION
Forklift Safety . Anna Fretheim ENV H 462, Winter 2012 . Presentation overview . Forklift Safety Statistics Forklift Definition and Types How Forklifts Work Forklift Safety Regulations (WAC) . Forklift safety matters . Forklifts are widely used - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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FORKLIFT SAFETY
Anna Fretheim ENV H 462, Winter 2012
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PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
I. Forklift Safety Statistics
II. Forklift Definition and Types
III. How Forklifts Work
IV. Forklift Safety Regulations (WAC)
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FORKLIFT SAFETY MATTERS
• Forklifts are widely used
• Every year in U.S.: 35,000 serious injuries, 62,000 non-serious injuries, 85 fatalities
• OSHA estimate: 11% of all forklifts are involved in accidents every year
• 90% of forklifts will be involved in some type of accident during their career
Fatal Accident Type %
Crushed by vehicle tipping over 42%
Crushed between vehicle and a surface 25%
Crushed between two vehicles 11%
Struck or run over by a forklift 10%
Struck by falling material 8%
Fall from platform on the forks 4%
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FORKLIFT SAFETY MATTERS
2007-2009 5 most common citations by L & I safety inspectors involving forklifts:
1. Lack of training 2. No seatbelt or not using seatbelt 3. No inspection of the forklift for defects4. Modification of forklift without manufacturer’s approval5. No nameplate or unreadable nameplate
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WHAT IS A FORKLIFT?
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WHAT IS A FORKLIFT?
• Forklifts fall under the definition of Powered Industrial Trucks (PITs)
• PIT: Mobile, power-driven vehicle used to carry, push, pull, lift, stack, or tier material
• Powered industrial trucks include:
• Platform lift trucks
• Motorized hand trucks
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WHAT ISN’T A PIT?
Farm Vehicles Earth Moving Vehicles
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TYPES OF FORKLIFTS
• Diesel powered
• Electrically powered
• Gasoline powered
• Liquid Petroleum powered (most common)
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TYPES OF FORKLIFTS
• Can have additional safeguards to the exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems
• Prevent emission of hazardous sparks
• Limit surface temperatures
• Allow them to be used in hazardous conditions (i.e. flammable dusts/vapors)
• Consider location’s hazard level to decide which to use
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HOW DO FORKLIFTS WORK?
• Forks in front of trucks lift loads
• Triangle of stability
• Formed by front wheels and rear axel
• As long as the center of gravity remains within the stability triangle, the truck will not tip over
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HOW DO FORKLIFTS WORK?
• Balances its load with counterweight
• Front wheels act as fulcrum
• When forklift lifts load, center of gravity shifts forward and moves upward
• If it shifts outside of the triangle, the forklift will fall
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FORKLIFT SAFETY
Codes: WAC 296-863
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WHAT CAN MAKE A FORKLIFT DANGEROUS?
• Steers from the rear, making it swing wide
• Carries heavy loads
• Can have reduced visibility
• Masts and loads
• Can have a high center of gravity (turning over)
• Very heavy
• Complicated controls
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863-200: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT
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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
• If you own a forklift, it must meet ANSI design and construction requirements
• If you want to modify the forklift, get written approval from manufacturer
• Forklift must be labeled clearly to indicate type, weight, load capacity, modifications, and if it’s approved for hazardous conditions
863-200: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT
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OVERHEAD GUARD
• Must have overhead guards
• It isn’t intended to withstand the impact of the forklift’s maximum capacity load though
863-200: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT
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863-300: INSPECTION, REPAIR, MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING
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SAFE WORKING CONDITION
• Must be kept in safe working condition
• Do not use forklifts with following conditions
• Leak in fuel system
• Exhaust system emitting sparks/flames
• Abnormally hot part
• Keep them
• Clean
• Free of excess lint, oil, and grease
863-300: INSPECTION, REPAIR, MAINTENANCE, SERVICING
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DAILY INSPECTIONS
• Inspect the forklift daily or after each shift if used continuously
• Fluid levels
• Defects
• Tire pressure & quality
• Forks condition
• Nameplates in place and legible
• Safety devices working properly
• Report and correct any deficiencies noticed
• Repairs must be made by authorized persons
863-300: INSPECTION, REPAIR, MAINTENANCE, SERVICING
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FUELING
• Turn off engine
• Avoid spilling fuel
• No open flames!
863-300: INSPECTION, REPAIR, MAINTENANCE, SERVICING
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BATTERY CHARGING
• Specific areas for battery charging installations (NO SMOKING)
• There must be facilities for : • Water for flushing and neutralizing spilled
electrolyte from area and from eyes (eyewash) • Fire protection • Adequate ventilation (for hydrogen gas)
• Dangers: burns from battery acid, fire from hydrogen gas
• If handling battery acid, wear PPE
863-300: INSPECTION, REPAIR, MAINTENANCE, SERVICING
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863-400: OPERATIONS
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18+ TO OPERATE
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SAFE DRIVING
• Use seatbelts
• Never let people pass under raised forks
• No unauthorized persons can ride
• No stunt driving or horseplay
• Don’t drive the truck up to anyone in front of a fixed object!
• Make sure there’s enough room to operate forklift
863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS
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SAFE DRIVING
• Obey all traffic regulations
• Keep a distance of 3 truck lengths from truck ahead
• Keep a safe distance from the edge of ramps, platforms, and docks
• Drive slowly on wet floors
• Slow turning speed
• Watch for pedestrians!
863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS
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HANDLE LOADS SAFELY
• Make sure loads are within rated capacity
• Put forks under load as far as possible
• Tilt forks forwards to pick up or put down load
• When carrying load, tilt forks backwards
• If the load obstructs your view, travel backwards and with a spotter
863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS
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HANDLE LOADS SAFELY
• Do not travel with a raised load
863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS
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SLOPES
• When on a slope (>10%), the load always faces upwards (so you drive backwards going down)
• If no load, forks face downwards
863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS
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UNATTENDED
• Unattended = 25 or more feet away (or when not in view)
• Unattended trucks:
• Fork lowered
• Controls neutralized
• Power off
• Brakes set
863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS
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ELEVATORS
• If using an elevator:
• Approach it slowly
• Enter it squarely
• Turn off power
• Neutralize controls
• Set the brakes
863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS
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DOCKBOARDS
• Do not overload them (check their capacity)
• Secure them first
• Drive over them very slowly
863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS
http://medlinramps.com/equipment-products/dockboards/
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LOADING TRUCK TRAILERS AND RAILROAD CARS
• Make sure flooring can handle load, check for weaknesses
• Set breaks, use wheel stops
• Use horn or warning lights when entering or exiting
863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS
OSHA
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CARBON MONOXIDE
• Propane, gasoline, and diesel powered forklifts produce carbon monoxide
• Without enough fresh air ventilation, CO poisoning can occur
• Vey common
• Severe nausea, headache
• If forklifts are used indoors, they must be tested for CO emission periodically and get tune-ups
863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS
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TIPPING
• How can a forklift tip over?
• Load’s too heavy
• Driving too fast around a corner
• Driving off edge of platform/ramp
• Driving indoor forklift outdoors
• Driving on an incline
863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS
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WHAT TO DO IF FORKLIFT TIPS
• If forklift tips over
• Keep arms and legs inside
• Hold on to steering wheel
• Lean away from direction of fall
• Don’t jump!
863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS
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LIFTING PEOPLE
• Lifting people
• Only lift workers if you have the proper installations to do so
• Must have guardrails & toeboards
• Do not move with workers on platform
863-400: TRUCK OPERATIONS
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REMEMBER: BE SAFE
OR PAY THE CONSEQUENCES
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THANK YOU!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SScjyNBZ8vw