Form-Based Codes

Atul Sharma - Torti Gallas and Partners Washington, DC, USA | Silver Spring, Maryland, USA | Los Angeles, California, USA | Istanbul, Turkey

Outline: • Benefits of Form Based Codes

• Applicability of Form Based Codes

• Structure of Form Based Codes

• Examples of Form Based Codes

• Discussion

Why Form Matters

Why Form Matters

Why Form Matters

Why Form Matters

Why Form Matters

Why Form Matters

Urbanism in the Age of Climate Change by Peter Calthorpe

Why Form Matters

It Is Not Complicated!

Tradition of Form Based Town Planning

Developer as Town Founder

Illegal

Single Family

Detached

Retail Center Employment

Center

Multifamily

Mixed-Use

Compact Building Design

Housing Choices

Walkable

Sense of Place

Open Space

Regional Balance

Transportation Choices

Predictable Development

Decisions

Citizen Participation

Benefits of Form Based Codes vs. Conventional Zoning

Benefits of Form Based Codes vs. Conventional Zoning A Clear Vision Based

on Consensus Separated Uses as The

Organizing Element vs.

Single Family Detached

Retail Center Employment

Center

Multifamily

Benefits of Form Based Codes vs. Conventional Zoning Focus on the Public

Realm Placeless Sprawl

Patterns vs.

Benefits of Form Based Codes vs. Conventional Zoning Predictability of

Outcome Not Much Detail vs.

Benefits of Form Based Codes vs. Conventional Zoning Easy to Understand

Guidelines Over-Technical

Standards vs.

Benefits of Form Based Codes vs. Conventional Zoning A Balanced Approach to

Implementation Over Emphasis on

Density / Use vs.

Applicability of Form Based Codes

Walkable Streets

Vibrant Public Realm

Mix of Uses

Civic Uses

Character Derived from Local Context

Architecture Appropriate to Place

New Communities

Sprawl Repair

Compact Development Patterns

Sprawl Repair Strategies

1. Segregated Land Uses

2. Low Density

3. Auto Dependancy

4. Lack of Connectivity

5. Jobs Housing Mismatch

6. Lack of Housing Choices

7. Loss of Rural or Ag. Lands

8. Lack of Significant Centers

9. Visual Clutter/ Pkng. Dominates

10. Pedestrian Hazardous

1. Mixed-Use Zoning, Interconnected Streets

2. Increase Density, Smaller Setbacks & Yards

3. Mixed-Use, Walk-able Streets, + Density, Bike

4. Require Street Connections

5. Mixed-Use Zoning, Create Centers

6. Permit Mix of House Types, Reduce Unit Sizes

7. TDR, Growth Boundary, + Density

8. Create Mixed-Use Centers

9. Have Form Reqs., Pkng. to Rear of Bldgs,

Shared Pkng., Reduced Pkng. Req.

10. Street Connections, Sidewalks, Pkng. To Rear

Sprawl Characteristics Repair Strategy

Commonly used names •  Parallel Code •  Smart Code •  Developer Code •  Overlay Zone •  Design Guidelines •  Sector Plan/Specific Plan

Structure of Form Based Codes

Understanding the Context Design Coding

A. Allocation of Growth Sectors B. Base Residential Density C. Block Size D. Public Frontages E. Civic Open Space F. Lot Occupation G. Building Setback H. Building Disposition I. Private Frontages J. Building Height K. Building Function

Regulated Aspects

A. Allocation of Growth Sectors B. Base Residential Density

Block Size

Public Frontages

Civic Open Space

Lot Occupation

Building Setback

Building Disposition

Private Frontages

Building Height

Building Function

The Pattern Book Format

1. How To Use Book (Leed, Plan, Transect, Reg. Plan) 2. Styles Set Up as Principle Based

Title Rule of Thumb Why? – “We do this Because…”* Plan Diagrams of T1-T6 Settings What Matters & What Doesn’t Matter Photos: style variations

3. Massing Principles by T-Zone 4. Shelter from Parking – all configurations 5. Details:

Doors and Windows Chimneys Porch Principles Water Collection & Storage Piers Down Spouts Columns Dormers Capitals Roof Slopes Bases Fences Porch Beams Awnings Railings Fountains Roofs Lighting Eaves Signs

*Need to couch in terms of health and wellness (ex. To promote good ventilation, to minimize sick building syndrome)

Principle Based

The Town Architect

Examples of Form Based Codes

Brookview

Vision

Design Coding

Design Coding

Future New Urban Model

Design Coding

Design Coding

Design Coding

Design Coding

Authority

Land Use

Urban

Standards

Thoroughfares

Open Space

Architecture

Definitions

Design Coding

Village Centers

Town of Babylon

Miramar Town Center

Capitalize on a need for a new

City Hall and leverage its value

The City of Miramar had the foresight to recognize, and engage a representative of, one of the key stakeholder groups that

it would take to “make it happen”– The Development Community

Sequence of Open Spaces

www.newyorkcityfocus.com

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Torti Gallas and Partners, Inc. Atul Sharma

SmartCode Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company

Pattern Book

Urban Design Associates

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