formal and informal english

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Formal and Informal English

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Formal and Informal English. What is rhetoric?. The art or science of using language in prose or poetry, including figurative language. I would write: Rhetoric : the art of using language. Style. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Formal and Informal English

Formal and Informal English

Page 2: Formal and Informal English

What is rhetoric?The art or science of using language in prose

or poetry, including figurative language.I would write: Rhetoric: the art of using

language

Page 3: Formal and Informal English

StyleStyle is the author’s unique way of expressing his/her ideas.

Style is affected by word choice, voice, sentence structure, and the use of conventions.

Two authors’ styles can be as different as their speaking voices or signatures.Writers may change his/her style for different types of writing and for different audiences

Page 4: Formal and Informal English

DictionDiction is a writer’s word

choice Why does word choice matter? All words have 2 meanings: Denotation verses ConnotationDenotation is a word’s dictionary definitionConnotation is a words emotional

overtones. Aggressive and Assertive have different connotations. One is positive and the other is negative.

Page 5: Formal and Informal English

Denotation vs ConnotationThink of the following terms from The Giver

and how their denotations and connotations compared.

The denotation was the same but the words from the book lacked emotional connection.

The Giver Commonly used word

Dwelling House/ homeNewchild BabyLearning community

School

Page 6: Formal and Informal English

Formal EnglishContains carefully written, complete

sentencesAvoids contractions (no contractions)Follows grammar rules (correct grammar)Uses sophisticated vocabulary (big words)*Tone may vary (tone varies)

Page 7: Formal and Informal English

Informal EnglishUses everyday speechUses popular expressionsUses contractionsUses some sentence fragmentsTone may vary (tone varies)

Page 8: Formal and Informal English

Formal or Informal?Using a t-chart, list the following types of writing as formal

or informal:1. Written report2. Essay3. Conversations with friends4. Interview5. Debate6. Oral report7. Personal letter8. Class notes9. Journal entries10. Text messaging

Page 9: Formal and Informal English

Where should is it okay to use text abbreviations?

The InternetEmailText messagingBlogs and blogging (web+ log= blog)

ENGLISH Language…My how you’ve changed…

Page 10: Formal and Informal English

How Well Do You Know Texting?You might know quite a few text abbreviations, but c if u no the

less common ones 2.Common:1. brb2. idk3. cya4. lol5. sup6. afk7. rofl8. tyvm9. ur10. asap

1. Be right back.2. I don’t know.3. See you.4. Laughing out loud.5. What’s up?6. Away from keyboard.7. Rolling on the floor laughing.8. Thank you very much.9. You’re…10. As soon as possible.

Page 11: Formal and Informal English

How Well Do You Know Texting?Less common:1. ucmu2. ttfn3. aota4. imho5. aytmtb6. crbt7. tbd8. wysiwyg9. fomcl10. wdalyic

Page 12: Formal and Informal English

SolutionsLess common:1. ucmu You crack me up.2. ttfn Ta ta for now.3. aota All of the above.4. imho In my humble opinion.5. aytmtb And you’re telling me this because…6. crbt Crying really big tears.7. tbd To be decided.8. wysiwyg What you see is what you get.9. fomcl Falling off my chair laughing. 10. wdalyic Who died and left you in charge?

Page 13: Formal and Informal English

DialectsEveryone speaks with a dialect of some sort. A dialect is the accent and vocabulary of a particular region. If our parents are from a different region than where we’re raised, we might speak a combination of dialects.

Page 14: Formal and Informal English

Say what?What do you call the following

things?

• Syrup

• Caramel apples

Page 15: Formal and Informal English

Possible answers:1. Frosting/icing2. Sneakers/running shoes/sneaks/tennis shoes3. Faucet/spigot/tap4. Grocery store/supermarket/food store5. Soda/pop/coke6. Pizza/pie7. The beach/ the shore/ down the shore8. Lollipop/ sucker/taffy9. Hoagie/sub10. Syrup/(pronounced ser-up or seer-up)11. Caramel (pronounced car’-muhl or ca’ra-mell)

Page 16: Formal and Informal English

Dialectal Regions of the U.S.1. North 2. Northeast 3. West 4. Midwest

5. South

NORTHNORTHEAS

T

WES

T

MIDWEST

SOUTH

Dialect website for audio

Page 17: Formal and Informal English

What influences my dialect/speech? Where you grew upPeople around you

ParentsSiblingsFriendsTeachers

TV/ InternetLiteratureMusic

Page 18: Formal and Informal English

SlangSlang is invented words or existing words given a new

meaning. You know lots of slang for your generation, but do you know these older slang expressions?

1. Can you dig it?2. That is so far out!3. I’ll catch ya on the flip-side.4. Keep on truckin’!5. Wow, that is really heavy news, man.6. Can you loan me some bread?7. He’s totally bugged out.8. Gimme some skin.9. She is hip to the groove.10. Man, I dig your new threads.

Page 19: Formal and Informal English

Slang Solutions (60’s to 70’s)1. Can you dig it? Do you understand?2. That is so far out! That is amazing!3. I’ll catch you on the flip side. I’ll see you later.4. Keep on truckin! Good luck! 5. That is really heavy news, man. That is depressing news.6. Can you loan me some bread? Can I borrow some money?7. He is totally bugged out. He’s not feeling well.8. Gimme some skin. Hit my hand with your hand so that we

may bond.9. She is hip to the groove. She understands.10. Man, I dig your new threads. I really like your new

clothes.

Page 20: Formal and Informal English

Digital SlangSee if you know what these digital-age slang

terms mean:1. Mistext2. Autoincorrect3. Phone tag4. Spam5. Dead text6. Snope7. Google dance8. Serp

Page 21: Formal and Informal English

Solutions1. Mistext: text sent in error2. Autoincorrect: when text is incorrectly fixed3. Phone tag: calling back and forth with no answer4. Spam: unwanted messages5. Dead text: text that does not need a

response/irrelevant6. Snope: to inform someone that an email is

spam/fake. Refers to the website snopes.com.7. Google dance: When google changes the SERP.8. SERP: Search Engine Result Page

Page 22: Formal and Informal English

Understanding Colloquialisms and IdiomsA colloquialism is a word or phrase used in

everyday conversation. Colloquialisms are generally informal and can include dialect and slang.

Idioms are common expressions with a meaning that varies from what the individual words mean. Many idioms are metaphors. Idioms are also an important part of dialects and are often considered part of colloquial speech.

Page 23: Formal and Informal English

IdiomsWhat do these phrases mean?1. Back seat driver2. Cash on the barrelhead3. Dead as a doornail4. Face the music5. Have an axe to grind6. Head over heels in love7. Kick the bucket8. Make a bee-line for something9. Saved by the bell10. Set your teeth on edge

Page 24: Formal and Informal English

Idiom Solutions1. Back seat driver: someone who tells the driver what to

do2. Cash on the barrelhead: cash up front3. Dead as a doornail: no chance of being alive4. Face the music: accept the consequences5. Have an axe to grind: hold a grudge6. Head over heels in love: completely in love7. Kick the bucket: to die8. Make a bee-line for something: to hurry9. Saved by the bell: saved at the last moment10. Set your teeth on edge: to make you anxious or worried

Page 25: Formal and Informal English

See What You’ve LearnedOpen your language book to page 10 and

complete exercise 1. Then, turn to page 23 and do exercise 1.