FORMAT AND OUTLINE

SCIENCE INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

TITLE

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER 1

1. Introduction and Its Background

2. Statement of the Problem

3. Objectives

4. Formulation of the Hypothesis

5. Significance of the Study

6. Scope and Limitation of the Study

7. Definition of Terms

SAMPLE OUTLINE

TITLECLEARPRECISEHAS AN OBJECTIVEHAS A PURPOSENOT TOO LONG OR TOO SHORT

IN A NUTSHELL

›SHOULD BE ONE OR TWO PARAGRAPHS

›INCLUDES YOUR RESEARCH PROBLEM

›METHOD OR PROCEDURE›FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to identify relationships between the physical and genetic characteristics of bones in mice.  The physical characteristics include size, density, and the force required to break the bone, while the genetic ones are the genes of the marker loci associated with the genes that affect these qualities. This study uses strains of mice with reduced genetic variation.  The two strains of mice that are the most phenotypically extreme, meaning those with the strongest and weakest bones, are crossed.  The F2 generation from that cross is then analyzed. The results of this analysis can be used to find which genotypes correlate with specific bone properties like size, density, and failure load.  The anticipated outcome of this lab is the identification of the genotypes that affect bone strength in mice. The findings may be useful in treating medical conditions that are related to bone strength. 

“The Genetics of Bone Strength in Mice”Jonathan Vu and Robert Blank (Mentor), Endocrinology

CHAPTER 11. Introduction and Its Background2. Statement of the Problem3. Objectives4. Formulation of the Hypothesis5. Significance of the Study6. Scope and Limitation of the Study7. Definition of Terms

• One page only• Background of the study• Rationale • Leads into the Research

Problem

CHAPTER 11. INTRODUCTION AND ITS BACKGROUND

Has 2 categories: general problem and specific problems

CHAPTER 12. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

SPECIFICRELIABLEVALIDMEASURABLEOBJECTIVELY STATED

CHAPTER 13. OBJECTIVES

• 2 TYPES: NULL hypothesis and AFFIRMATIVE hypothesis

• A scientific ____ which intends subject for thorough investigation.

CHAPTER 14. FORMULATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS

HOW DO WE FORMULATE A HYPOTHESIS?

12

Hypotheses are formulated before the study is conducted because they provide direction for the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data

Source: http://up.edu.ps/ocw/repositories/academic/cairo/ms/ms-012008/cairo/cairo2007/nursing_new1/New%20Folder/New%20Folder/%D8%AF.%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%20%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%20%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85/26-3-2007/research%20problem%20&%20hypotheses%2026-3-2007.ppt

http://up.edu.ps/ocw/repositories/academic/cairo/ms/ms-012008/cairo/cairo2007/nursing_new1/New%20Folder/New%20Folder/%D8%AF.%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%20%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%20%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85/26-3-2007/research%20problem%20&%20hypotheses%2026-3-2007.ppt

›If I give my plants fertilizers, then they will grow as big as my neighbor’s plants.

›If I get lucky, then my plants will grow bigger.

›My plants aren’t growing bigger because I don’t water them enough.

Which is a properly worded hypothesis?

CHAPTER II – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Statements from science books, journals, magazines, newspapers

Any document from authorized scientists, science experts or well-known science agencies

These statements can support your study through their concepts, theories, principles and laws

FOOTNOTING IS IMPORTANT

IN THIS CHAPTER.

› Lesson objective: To help students write effective notes from text

NOTE-TAKING

TIPS:

Keep it SHORT.Do NOT copy.Write what is IMPORTANT.

1. SUMMARIZING – Summarize if you want to record only the general idea of large amounts of material

2. PARAPHRASE – if you require detailed notes on specific sentences and passages but do not need the exact wording, you may state it in your OWN words.

3. QUOTATION – use quotation marks “___” if you include a “sentence or a passage in its original wording”

TYPES OF NOTE-TAKING

› A fish breathes by taking in water and passing it through gills to extract oxygen, but a whale must surface to inhale air into its lungs. A whale’s nostril, called a blowhole, is at the top of its head. A whale breathes through its blowhole. Some whales, such as the humpback, have two blowholes. Here they are open, as the humpback whale exhales old air and inhales fresh oxygen-rich air.

--Seymour Simon, Whales, HarperCollins Publishers, 1989.

Whales by Seymour Simon

WRITE “HOW DO WHALES BREATHE”

(bulleted form)

ACTIVITY 1 – PROCESS (10 PTS.)

HOW DO WHALES BREATHE?Fish breathe through gillsWhales breathe through lungsWhales surface to inhaleNostrils are blowholesHumpbacks have two

blowholes

LET’S CHECK

2nd ACTIVITY – Process: 10 pts.The air that whistles in and out of a whale’s blowhole moves at speeds of two or three hundred miles an hour. It enters and leaves the lungs, within the whale’s chest. With each breath, a whale inhales thousands of times more air than you do. The whale closes its blowhole and holds its breath when it dives. Some kinds of whales can dive to depths as great as a mile and hold their breath for more than an hour during a deep dive. When they surface, they blow out a huge breath and then take several smaller breaths before diving again.

IN YOUR OWN WORDS, WRITE

HOW DO WHALES

BREATHE…

ACTIVITY 2 – PROCESS (10 PTS.)

› You may use the back of your activity sheet to write 3 notes about your topic or you may use an extra sheet of paper. – 10 points per source (total: 30 points)

1. Choose 3 different sources from a newspaper, magazine or from the encyclopedia or a book that contains information about your topic.

2. Use the tips/principles you learned from the first two activities. Write your notes in bulleted form or write a summary using your own words.

3. Make sure to write the title, author, name of magazine and newspaper or book/encyclopedia, page number, copyright and place of publication.

LIBRARY ACTIVITY (Individual)