formation maria vs. highlands maria is latin for “seas”. these areas appear dark and have smooth...
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Formation
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Maria vs. HighlandsMaria is Latin for “seas”.These areas appear darkand have smooth relativelycrater free surfaces. Theyrepresent the low lyingareas that have been filledin with lava (basalt).
Highlands are literally higherthan the surrounding maria.They lighter in color (andesite)and completely covered by craters.
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Maria vs. HighlandsMare Imbrium - Sea of RainMare Serentatis – Sea of Serenity
Mare Crisium- Sea of CrisisMare Tranquilatatis – Sea of
TranquilityMare Fecundatatis – Sea of Fertility
Mare Nectaris – Sea of Nectars
Oceanus Procellarum – Ocean ofStorms
Sinus IridiuimBay of Rainbows
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Far Side vs Near Side
The far side lacks Maria
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Maria
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Highlands
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Highlands
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Rays• Rays are streaks of dust
and debris from the impact of large meteoroids
• They radiate from the impact crater that created them
• They cover great distances because the Moon lack an atmosphere to restrain them
• They disappear over time so they represent recent impacts
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Rays• Rays are streaks of
dust and debris from the impact of large meteoroids
• They disappear over time so they represent recent impacts
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Scarps
Scarps are faults.These areas show movementOf the crust.
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Rilles• Rilles are collapsed
lava tubes• These are
underground rivers of magma that burn melt through the underground rocks.
• They exist on all terrestrial planets
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Rilles
• Lava Tube• on Earth
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The Moon has it all
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Rebound mountains• These are much like
the drop of water that jumps up after an object has pushed through the surface
• Notice the rays and how the walls of the crater have collapsed due to steepness
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Tycho Crater
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Tycho Crater
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Tycho Crater
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Lava flows
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Lunar Cycle• A few terms…..
– Waxing = the amount visible is increasing– Waning = the amount visible is decreasing– Crescent = less than 50% visible. ½ of the cycle– Gibbous = more than 50% visible. ½ of the cycle– New Moon = Beginning of cycle (0% visible)– 1st Quarter Moon = ¼ of the way though the cycle
(50% visible)– Full Moon = ½ way through cycle (100% visible)– 3rd Quarter Moon = ¾ of the way through cycle
(50% visible)
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Lunar Cycle
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Eclipses• The orbit of the Moon
is tilted to the ecliptic.• This creates two
points where the orbits cross called nodes
• Each node represents an eclipse season where there can be a solar or lunar eclipse
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Lunar Eclipses• Lunar eclipse always happen at the time of the Full
Moon• The shadow of the Earth consists of two parts
– Umbra = completely in the shadow.
– Penumbra = partially in the shadow
• Lunar eclipses last hours
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Lunar Eclipses
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Lunar Eclipses
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Lunar Eclipses• Lunar eclipses
provide evidence to the ancients that the Earth was round
• The shadow that the Earth casts on the moon is round
• The reddish brown color is due to light refracted through the Earth’s atmosphere
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Lunar Eclipses
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Lunar Eclipses
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Solar Eclipse
• Solar Eclipses always occur at New Moon
• The Moon shadow does not completely cover the Earth so only a small percent of people on Earth get to see the solar eclipses
• The shadow is only about 80 miles wide
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Solar Eclipse
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Solar Eclipse
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Solar Eclipse
• Totality only lasts less than 6 minutes
• During totality we can see the atmosphere of the Sun called the Corona
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Solar Eclipse
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Solar Eclipse
• Annular eclipses occur when the moon is near apogee at the time of the eclipse
• The last eclipse in Chicago was in 1994 and it was an annular eclipse