Formation of SolutionsBy Adam Krull and Trevor

Edinger

How does a solution form? If a solution is to form, a substance must

dissolve into another.

A solute is what is being dissolved.

A solvent is what is doing the dissolving.

Types of SolutionsAir(oxygen, carbon dioxide in nitrogen)Water in air.Sugar water(water in sugar)Pop(carbon dioxide in water)

Conductivity –The amount of electricity that can flow through the solution.

Freezing Point-The temperature at which the solution will freeze.

Boiling Point-The temperature that the solution boils.

Three Properties of Liquid Solutions

How does Sodium Chloride Dissolve in water?Sodium Chloride is an Ionic Compound.It is the Solute.

Water is the Solvent.

Sodium Chloride dissolves by dissociation.

This is how an Ionic Compound separates into ions.

Heat of a solution When a solution is formed, heat is

released or cold is released. When sodium hydroxide dissolved in

water, it becomes warmer. Opposite this, if Ammonium Nitrate is

dissolved in water, the solution becomes colder.

How does Sugar Dissolve in Water?• Sugar dissolves by a process called

dispersion.

• Dispersion is breaking into small pieces.

• The sugar is broken down into smaller pieces and spread throughout the water.

Why is Salt Used for De-Icing Roads?• Salt is commonly used to keep ice from freezing

on roads.• When salt and some water is added to ice, it

lowers the freezing point of water.• More and more particles of salt are added, and the

freezing point is made lower and lower.• Salt can melt ice down to 15 degrees Fahrenheit.

(-9 degrees Celsius)

What is Ionization?

• Ionization is the process where neutral molecules gain or lose electrons.

• Unlike dispersion or dissociation, ionization is a chemical change.

FACTORS CAN AFFECT THE RATE OF DISSOLVINGThings such as heat or cold can affect the

rate of dissolving. The hotter something is, the faster it will

dissolve. The colder the solution is, the slower it

will dissolve.

FACTORS CAN AFFECT THE RATE OF DISSOLVING (CONT.)Surface area can also affect the

rate of dissolving. The smaller the surface area, the

faster that something will dissolve.

If the surface area is smaller, the solution will dissolve slower.

Why Does Hard Candy Dissolve in your mouth?• Remember the candy is the solute.

• And the saliva is the solvent.• The water in your saliva helps to

dissolve the sugar in the candy by dispersion.

• Eventually the candy is completely dissolved.

Quiz• 1.What is Ionization?•  • 2.What is Dissociation?•  • 3.Name 1 type of solution.•  • 4.Name 1 factor that can affect dissolving.•  • 5.What is a solute?•  • 6.What is a solvent?•  • 7.Is candy the solvent of saliva? True or False?•  • 8.Salt can melt down ice to what degree Fahrenheit?•  • 9.A small surface area means faster or slower dissolving?•  • 10.Is Ionization a physical or chemical change?