Forms of Forms of GovernmentGovernment

Forms of Forms of GovernmentGovernment

There is a disparity between developed and There is a disparity between developed and developing countries…why?developing countries…why?

1)1) Environment Environment 2)2) Politics & governmentPolitics & government3)3) ______________________________________4)4) ______________________________________5)5) ______________________________________

Forms of Forms of GovernmentGovernment

Government = institutions and processes Government = institutions and processes that societies create & use to organize that societies create & use to organize

affairsaffairs

Who holds power?

Who holds power? What roles do the people have?

What roles do the people have? How are people in power chosen?How are people in power chosen?

How are decisions and laws carried out? How are decisions and laws carried out?

How much power is given to those who govern?How much power is given to those who govern?

CENTRALIZED• Decisions made by

central authority

Autocracy ultimate power in hands of one person

DECENTRALIZED• Power divided between

central authority & smaller political units

Federal structures = smaller pol. units have powers over own affairs (but within larger gov’t)

Forms of Forms of GovernmentGovernment

MONARCHYOne person rules

Can be autocratic

King, Queen, Prince, Emir, Sultan, Emperor, Tzar, Shah, Pharaoh

Forms of Government Forms of Government REPUBLIC

No monarch

Ranges from democracies to oligarchies to dictatorships (from decentralized to centralized/autocratic)

ABSOLUTEMonarch has all power

(unlimited)People have no/little

power

MONARCHIESMONARCHIES

CONSTITUTIONALMonarch’s powers are

written in a constitutionPeople have some

involvement

LIMITEDMonarch’s powers limited to

only ceremonial functionsPeople have more involvement

DEMOCRACYPower rests w/peopleSystem where majority

rules

REPUBLICS (non-REPUBLICS (non-monarchies)monarchies)

OLIGARCHYRule by the fewSome people have power

(others have little/no power)

Junta, theocratic oligarchy, aristocracy

DICTATORSHIPAbsolute power rests w/person

(who is not monarch)People have little/no power

Direct DemocracyDirect Democracy

All citizens participateAll citizens participate No representatives: citizens vote on everything!No representatives: citizens vote on everything!

Representative Representative DemocracyDemocracy

All citizens participate BUT…All citizens participate BUT…People elect representatives who vote on laws People elect representatives who vote on laws

for the citizensfor the citizensRepresentatives answer to the people (elections)Representatives answer to the people (elections)Can have ConstitutionCan have Constitution

Federal RepublicFederal Republic

Division of powers among national & local gov’tDivision of powers among national & local gov’tLocal gov’ts have some autonomyLocal gov’ts have some autonomy

Power rests w/voters who elect representativePower rests w/voters who elect representative Central gov’t restrictedCentral gov’t restricted

• Rule by few• Can be a….

OLIGARCHYOLIGARCHY

JUNTAJUNTASmall group of military Small group of military

officers has powerofficers has power

DictatorshipDictatorshipOne person has powerOne person has power

By FORCE, not inheritedBy FORCE, not inherited

Dictators have absolute control over lives of their Dictators have absolute control over lives of their citizenscitizens

People have little to no voicePeople have little to no voiceNorth Korea’s leader Kim Jong Il is considered a North Korea’s leader Kim Jong Il is considered a

dictatordictator Totalitarian, authoritarian, despotism, military Totalitarian, authoritarian, despotism, military

dictatorship, Fascism, Communism, etc.dictatorship, Fascism, Communism, etc.

TheocracyTheocracy

““Theo” means “god” in GreekTheo” means “god” in GreekTHEO-cratic = ruled by god or higher powerTHEO-cratic = ruled by god or higher power

Leaders (Leaders (autocraticautocratic or or oligarchicoligarchic) are usually ) are usually religious leaders and society uses religious law to religious leaders and society uses religious law to settle its disputessettle its disputes

Example: The Islamic Republic of Iran is a modern Example: The Islamic Republic of Iran is a modern theocracy that uses Muslim religious beliefs as a theocracy that uses Muslim religious beliefs as a guide.guide.

AnarchyAnarchy

No government at all… No government at all…

What is Political Culture?What is Political Culture?

• Political Culture is the combination of culture and government.

• Societies have specific cultural beliefs which affect the way they structure their governments and laws.

Governments, Politics, & Culture

• What is a “state”?

Government, Politics, & CultureGovernment, Politics, & Culture

What is a state?• Ppl living in defined territory, organized

politically, highest authority (sovereignty)

Government, Politics, & CultureGovernment, Politics, & Culture

1. Population: must have people

2. Territory: Must have land with recognized boundaries

3. Sovereignty: Has supreme and absolute power within its own territory

4. Government: Every state has a Government

5. Recognition by other states

Characteristics of a State

Government, Politics, & Culture

• Why isn’t Illinois actually a state? Refer to the characteristics of a State. Can you think of a better term for Illinois?

Government, Politics, & Culture

• What is a Nation?– Body of people unified

by culture (language, religion, history)

– No political org., sovereignty, formal territorial boundaries

• Examples of Nations– Palestinians– Cherokee– Tibetans– Chinese– Kurds

Government, Politics, & Culture

• Nationalism:the belief that a people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history.

Membership in a Nation is based on a feeling of belonging.

This feeling often leads to Nationalism.

Government, Politics, & Culture

Not all Nations have states.• When a Nation does have a state, it is known as a

Nation-StateHomogenous Nation States- Mainly One Nation in the

State.Heterogeneous Nation State- Contains Significant

Numbers of other Nations

Source

http://www.icivics.org/teachers/lesson-plans/who-rules