forthtutorial_inwatercad

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Water Water Pipe NetworksPipe Networks

Forth Tutorial in Forth Tutorial in WaterCadWaterCad

Extended Period Simulation (EPS)Extended Period Simulation (EPS) By: Dr. Mohamed By: Dr. Mohamed ElgamalElgamal

Faculty of Engineering, Cairo UniversityFaculty of Engineering, Cairo University

Network via Network via WaterCadWaterCad

Objectives

The purpose of this Tutorial (Tutorial 4) is to train the trainees

how to use WaterCad to carry out an Extended Period

Simulation (EPS) analysis. In the EPS simulation, demands

at junctions are allowed to vary with time and this will allow us

to have a more realistic simulation for the actual pipe network

conditions.

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Tutorial in Tutorial in WaterCadWaterCad

In this lecture, student will learn how to:

Run a hydraulic model using EPS solver;

Estimate the daily cost of power;

Develop a number of scenarios and compare

between the developed scenarios;

Formulating control statements using watercad;

Investigate the hydraulic and economic effect of

introducing a storage facility to the network.

First Part First Part (Tutorial (Tutorial 44)) Problem Statement

The shown network includes a water tower tank T1 and a pump

station that consists of two similar pumps set in parallel.

The total daily average demand is equal 1446 m3/hr and the

discharge at BEP is also chosen equal 1446 m3/hr. .

To carry out this tutorial, you

need to have this file:

Tutorial4(Original)

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(Tutorial (Tutorial 44)) Classwork Objective

You are requested to develop the following two scenarios:

Scenario 1: assumes no water storage facility in the network and

therefore, one pump (i.e. pump -1) should be working as long as

SQdemand 1446 m3/hr and the second pump (pump-2) should be

turned on once SQdemand >1446 m3/hr.

Tank T1 &

Pipe P-53

are Inactive

Add auto control between

these elements

(Tutorial (Tutorial 44)) Scenario 2

Scenario 2: makes use of the water tower storage facility (T-1) to

reduce the frequency of turning on/off the pumps in the pump

station. In order to achieve this objective, pump-1 and pump-2 are

automatically switched on/off according to the temporal water

level in the water tower tank.

Tank T1 &

Pipe P-53

are Active

Add auto control between

these elements

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Tutorial Tutorial 44 Steps

Step #1:Open the project file [Tutorial4(Original)].

Step #2: Go to pump definition.

Step #3:Switch to the pump Efficiency Tap.

Enter the Q@BEP and the pump

efficiencies for the

two pumps


Step #4:Switch to Motor Tap.

Enter the Motor

efficiencies for the

two pumps

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Step #5:Run the file using the steady state solver.

No Warnings are found


Step #6:Plot the Pump Curve and Identify the Operating Point of

Pump-1 (R-Click Pump-1 and select Pump Curve)

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Step #7:Plot a Plan Layout of the Network Annotating Q in Pipes:

R-Click Pipes New Annotation Select Flow

(Tutorial (Tutorial 44)) Steps

Select suitable X & Y Offsets and Height

Multipliers to get a readable layout

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Never Start EPS Analysis Before Clearing out all Errors that Might

Exist in the Steady State Case.

Important Note

EPS StepsEPS Steps 1. Define the demand pattern

Add new pattern Rename it as

diurnal pattern

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EPS StepsEPS Steps 2. Enter the values of the demand pattern multipliers

given in the assignment

Note that: the average of all multipliers should be equal

to 1Why?

EPS StepEPS Step 3. Ensure that the starting multiplier is correctly entered

First Multiplier Should Equal the

Last Multiplier

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EPS StepEPS Step 4. Assign the diurnal pattern to all junctions

EPS StepEPS Step 4. Assign the diurnal pattern to all junctions (Cont.)

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EPS StepEPS Step 5. Assign the Energy Cost Rate: 0.1 USD/kwatt-hr

Click on Energy Pricing

EPS StepEPS Step 5. Assign the Energy Cost Rate: 0.1 USD/kwatt-hr

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5. Save As the project file two times as: - Tutorial4Scenario2.wtg; - Tutorial4Scenario1.wtg

Developing Scenarios 1&2

Developing Scenario 1

6. Open the File Corresponding to Scenario1: -Tutorial4Scenario1.wtg

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Developing Scenario 1 7. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls

Automatic Control

Consists of

Conditions or

Events

Actions or

Decisions

As you see in the Table below, Scenario 1 includes two

controls:

Each control consists of conditions and actions:


The two conditions in scenario 1

are related to the flow in Pipe P-58

The two actions in

scenario 1 are

related to the

operation of Pump-2

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Developing Scenario 1 7. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.)

Components Controls Conditions

Developing Scenario 1 7. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) How to add a simple condition

Click here to specify the

monitored element from

the window.

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7.1 Formulating Condition 1:

if (Qp-58)> 1446 m3/hr


if (Qp-58)

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7.5 Combining Control 1


7.6 Combining Control 2

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Developing Scenario 1 7. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) 7.7 Combining the two Controls Control 1&2 into One Set of Controls

Click to

Select

Developing Scenario 1 7. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) 7.8 Rename the set of controls as:

Scenario 1_Set

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8. Create A Child Alternative for Topology Suiting Scenario -1

8.1 Create a child alternative under the

topology



8.2 Rename the new child

topology alternative as:

Inactive Tank T1 and Pipe P53

Double Click

to Edit the

Topology

8.3 Uncheck Pipe P-53

This will make P-53 inactive in

this topology alternative only

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8.4 Switch to the Tank Tap and Uncheck Tank T1

This will make Tank T-1 inactive in the

recently created topology alternative only



Doing so cause T-1 and P-53 to be inactive (as shown below)

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9. Create A Child Alternative for Operation Suiting Scenario-1

9.1 Create a child alternative under the Operation



9.2 Rename the child alternative

under the Operation as: No Tank

Operation

Double Click

to select the

relevant

control set

9.3 Select the relevant control set

: Scenario 1_Set

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10. Creating a Child Scenario Called: Scenario-1 10.1 Create a new child scenario

and rename it as: Scenario-1

10.2 Double Click Scenario-1 to assign

its main alternatives /features


10. Creating a Child Scenario Called: Scenario-1

10.3 Make the new child scenario (Scenario-1) the current scenario

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11. Selecting Numerical Settings for Scenario-1

11.1 Double Click on the Calculation Options

11.2 Select EPS Solver (Not

Steady State)

11.3 Select Hydraulic Time Step

as 0.1 hrs

Developing Scenario Developing Scenario 11

12. Running Scenario-1

No Warnings are found

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Developing Scenario Developing Scenario 11 13. Calculate Energy Consumption and Cost

13.1 Click the Scenario Energy Cost Icon

13.2 Click the Internal Run Icon

13.3 Write down the Daily Cost of Energy 882.8 USD/day


1. Open the File Corresponding to Scenario1: -Tutorial4Scenario2.wtg

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Automatic Control

Consists of

Conditions or

Events

Actions or

Decisions

As you see in Table below, Scenario 2 includes Four controls:

Each control consists of conditions and actions:

Scenario # Description Control # Condition** Actions

Scenario 2* Tank T1 and Pipe P-53 are ACTIVE

1 T1HGL 54 Pump-1 is OFF


The four conditions in scenario 2 are

related to HGL in Water Tower T-1




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The four actions in

scenario 2 are

related to the

operation of Pump-

1&2





Lets Understand

the Controls

Given for Tank T-1

Pump2 On

Pump1 On

Pump1 Off

Pump2 Off

P2 P1

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Components Controls Conditions

Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) How to add a simple condition?

Click new condition Simple


monitored element from

the window. Select the tower tank T-1 as the

monitored element

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if T1HGL 54

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Up till now we formulated the

four conditions. Lets switch to

the Action Tap to formulate the

corresponding four actions

Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) How to add a simple actions?

Click new action Simple


acting element from the

window. From the Window, select Pump-2 as the

acting element

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2.5 Formulating Action 1:

Pump -2 is ON


Pump -1 is ON



Pump -2 is Off


Pump -1 is Off

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Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) 2.9 Combining Control 1




Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) 2.9 Similarly Combining Control s 2 to 4 (Cont.)




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Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) 2.10 Combining the 4 Controls into One Set of Controls

Switch to Control Set Add a new control set

Click to Select all

controls




Developing Scenario 1 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) 2.11 Rename the set of controls as: Scenario 2_Set




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3.1 Create a child alternative under the Operation



3.2 Rename the child alternative

under the Operation as: With Tank

Operation

Double Click

to select the

relevant

control set

3.3 Select the relevant control set

: Scenario 2_Set

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4. Creating a Child Scenario Called: Scenario-2 4.1 Create a new child scenario

and rename it as: Scenario-2

4.2 Double Click Scenario-2 to assign

its main alternatives /features


4. Creating a Child Scenario Called: Scenario-2

4.3 Make the new child scenario (Scenario-2) the current scenario

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5. Selecting Numerical Settings for Scenario-2

5.1 Double Click on the Calculation Options

5.2 Select EPS Solver (Not

Steady State)

5.3 Select Hydraulic Time Step as

0.1 hrs


6. Running Scenario-2

Note that Some Warnings are found

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7. Post-Processing of Scenario-2 (D= 10 m)

Monitoring Pump-1 & 2 and Tank T1 and Junction 11 While re-Playing the outcomes


8. Calculate Energy Consumption and Cost

8.1 Click the Scenario Energy Cost Icon

8.2 Click the Internal Run Icon

8.3 Write down the Daily Cost of Energy 846.5 USD/day

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8. Comments on Scenario-2 (D= 10 m)

Based on the Hydraulic Analysis of Scenario -2 , We have

noted the following:

8.1 Tank T-1 has experienced a number of full and empty events;

Empty Tank During

These Periods

Full Tank During These Periods

Developing Scenario Developing Scenario 22 8. Comments on Scenario-2 (D= 10 m)



8.2 Pump-1 has experienced a maximum number of pump-motor on/offs

equals 5 times during 5 hrs i.e. one time per hr (this pump-motor cycling rate is

generally accepted however it should be compared with the permissible rates

for this pump make, refer to motor catalogue)

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Developing Scenario Developing Scenario 22 8. Comments on Scenario-2 (D= 10 m)



8.3 Junction -11 has the minimum pressure (0.87 bar)

Developing Scenario 2 8. Comments on Scenario-2 (D= 10 m)

The minimum pressure head (0.87 bar) might

be not sufficient . We have three junctions

where the pressure is less than 1.0 bar and we

need to think for proposals to increase the

pressure for this low pressure area,

Low

Pressure

Area

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9. Proposing Modifications to Scenario-2

Many proposals could be suggested to increase the

pressure including:

-Increasing pipe diameters of those pipes feeding the low

pressure area;

-Increasing the pump head (in general);

-Increasing the static level of the nearby tank;

-Using pressure regulating or sustaining valves

In the coming slides, we will discuss the solution of

the first proposal


9. Proposing Modifications to Scenario-2 9.1 Increasing pipe diameters of those pipes feeding the low

pressure area;

Lets first explore the existing pipe sizes by using annotation

and colour coding:

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pressure area;

- Highlight the pipes that contain the low pressure area junctions

(as shown below) and increase their size to 300 mm:



pressure area;

- A good practice is to create a new alternative where the sizes

of the following pipes will be increased to 300mm: P-8&P-9&P-

35.

Double Click

to Open Flex

Tables to Edit

pipe sizes of

a/m pipes

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pressure area;

- A good practice is to create a new alternative where the sizes

of the following pipes will be increased to 300mm: P-8 to P-12

&P-20&P-35.


9. Proposing Modifications to Scenario-2

The below figure shows the adopted sizes after increasing the

pipes within the low pressure area (shown in dark blue).

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9. Proposing Modifications to Scenario-2 Explore the pressure time series for the three junctions

located within the low pressure area;

It is clear that increasing the a/m pipes solved the problem.

After Increasing the size of three pipes,

the Minimum Pressure is now > 1 bar

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