FOUNDATION IN INFORMATION FOUNDATION IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

(CS-T-101)(CS-T-101)

TOPIC : INFORMATION SYSTEM –

SOFTWARE

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

A Computer consists of 2 basic parts:

Hardware Software

HardwareHardware

Physical components of a system

SoftwareSoftware

Computer instructions or data

Classification of SoftwareClassification of Software

System softwareSystem softwareApplication softwareApplication software

System SoftwareSystem Software

System software are designed to make the

computer easier to use.

Example: Operating System

Application SoftwareApplication Software

Application Software is written to enable

the computer to solve a specific data

processing task.

Example: Payroll processing

UtilitiesUtilities

Utility programs are those which are very

often requested by many application

programs.

Example: SORT/MERGE

Categories of software packagesCategories of software packages

Database management softwareSpreadsheet softwareWord Processing softwareGraphics softwareData Communication softwareStatistical and Operational Research

software

Categories of LanguagesCategories of Languages

Machine languageAssembly languageHigh level language

Machine LanguageMachine Language

Sequence of instructions written in the form of binary numbers consisting of 1’s and 0’sfor which the computer responds directly.Advantage:It is faster in execution.Disadvantage:It is difficult to understand and develop programs

Assembly LanguageAssembly Language

Employing symbols for the operation part, the

address part and other parts of the instruction

code.

Advantage:

It gives more readability than machine

Language.

Disadvantage:

Program is specific to particular machine

architecture.

Low Level LanguagesLow Level Languages

Machine and Assembly languages are

referred to as Low Level Languages.

High Level LanguageHigh Level Language

These enables the programmer’s to write

programs that are more or less

independent of a particular type of a

computer.

Advantage:

Easier to write, read and maintain the

programs

Examples: COBOL, BASIC, FORTRAN

CompilerCompiler

A program that takes the entire source

code as input and produces as output the

object code

compilerSource code

Object code

InterpreterInterpreter

A program that translates the source

code to the object code line by line.

Elements of a programming languageElements of a programming language

Variables, Constants, Array and Expressions

Input and Output statements

Conditional and Looping statements

Subroutine and Functions