foundation of islam
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Foundation of Islam. Unit 2: The Post-Classical Age, 600-1450 Part I – End of the Old, Beginning of the New. What do you know about Islam?. Iranian Women. Afghani Women. New York Women. Rural Women. Why Study Islam?. Why is Islam important? How much impact did Islam have on the world? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Foundation of IslamUnit 2: The Post-Classical Age, 600-
1450Part I – End of the Old, Beginning of the New
What do you
know about Islam?
Iranian
Women
Afghani
Women
New York
Women
Rural Wome
n
Why Study Islam?Why is Islam important?
How much impact did Islam have on the world?
What areas were affected by Islam?
Buddhism
HinduismIslam
Christianity
Religions Diffusion
The Origins of Islam
Setting for the ConversionArabian peninsula was mostly desert
Nomadic Bedouin people organized in family and clan groups
Important in long-distance trade networks between China/India and Persia/Byzantium
Religions of Arabia & Middle EastChristianityZorasterismJudaismLocal Pagan Beliefs
Life of MuhammadMuhammad's early life
Muhammad ibn Abdullah born, 570 C.E. Mecca merchant family
Difficult early life, married a wealthy widow, Khadija, in 595
Became a merchant at age 30 exposed to various faiths
Muhammad's spiritual transformation at age 40 There was only one true god, Allah ("the god") Allah would soon bring judgment on the world The archangel Gabriel delivered these revelations to
Muhammad
Muhammad's MigrationConflict at Mecca
His teachings offended the ruling elite of Mecca Attacks on greed offended wealthy merchants Attacks on idolatry threatened shrines
the black rock at Ka'ba
The hijra Under persecution, Muhammad and followers fled
to Medina, 622 C.E. starting point of the Islamic calendar
The umma: cohesive community of Muslims in Medina
Red Sea
Mecca
Medina
Quba’Day 1Day 5Day 26Day 12
Yathrib
Quran & BeliefsThe Quran ("recitation")--holy book of Islam
Followers compiled Muhammad's revelations Work of poetry and definitive authority on Islam Other works: hadith (sayings and deeds of Muhammad)
The "seal of the prophets" Muhammad called himself the "seal of the prophets"—
final prophet of Allah Held Hebrew scripture & New Testament in high
esteem Determined to spread Allah's wish to all humankind
"And in their [the earlier prophets] footsteps We sent Jesus the son of Mary, confirming the law that had come before him. We sent him the Gospel, therein was guidance and light and confirmation of the law that had come before him, a guidance and an admonition to those who fear God."
Chapter 5, Verse 46
"Show forgiveness, speak for justice and avoid the ignorant."
Chapter 7, Verse 199
Establishment of IslamMuhammad's return to Mecca
He and his followers conquered Mecca, 630 Imposed a government dedicated to Allah Destroyed pagan shrines and built mosques
The Ka'ba was not destroyed; it became site of pilgrimage in 632
Islamic law: the sharia, inspired by Quran proper behavior in almost every aspect of life became more than a religion, it became a way
of life
Muslims
What is it to be MuslimHijab: veil worn by women in public
Some nations go to the extreme the burkaWomen
Quran does no more than Bible to restrict women’s rights
Islam & Other ReligionsQuran does not advocate discriminationAdvocates conversion
Internal Discontent
The Median CaliphateThe Problem of Succession
Abu Bakr (leader of prayers- companion and fourth convert) and Companions
Ali (cousin and adopted son of Muhammad, husband of Fatima, second convert) and Abbas (uncle of Ali and the Prophet)
The Median Caliphate (successor/representative) Abu Bakr (r. 632-634) ‘Umar (Omar ibn al-Khattab) (r. 634-644) ‘Uthman (Ummayyad clan) (r. 644-656) Ali (r. 656-661)
The Sunni-Shiite split