foundation of research writing

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How To Write A Journal and Conference Paper?

By

Nur Suhaili RamliAuckland, New Zealand


Topic Outlines:

1. Title2. Author Info3. Abstract4. Introduction5. Literature Review/Related Studies6. Research Questions7. Hypotheses 8. Research Design9. Result10. Discussion11. Conclusion / Further Research12. References13. Appendices


Learning Outcomes:

• To introduce student with research field

•To prepare student to write simple journal and paper conference

•To guide student to familiarize with the format

•To strengthen the understanding of research writing


1) Title

• Less than 8-9 words• The best title normally must be within 8-9 words. •Too simple means too general•Too long will encourage mis understanding

•Reflect the entire contents of the paper

•The title is the main topic all about•It reflect the entire paper from beginning until the end.•Focus and narrow down what you wanted to write


2) Author Info

• Detail about you ( the author)•You must at least telling your reader about your full name, your university / address, date / year, contacts such as email.•Example:

“Globalization creates New Civilization” By Amanda Reyes University of Auckland, December 2011 [email protected]


3) Abstract:

• Introduction/research problem•Briefly introduce your introduction. What your paper is all about. Then, clearly mention your research problem

•Objective/Research goal•You need to write your objective and research goal. Point by point in sentence.

•Research design •Example: where, when, how, what data

•Result • Write it directly

•Conclusion


4) Introduction:

• Advisable to write between 300-500 words (3 to 5 in paragraph),

•Must have Subheading / Paragraph

•Tell big picture.Why it is important/crucial?

•You should write broad information here

•Narrow the background –previous research

•You need to summarize the problem

•Write your research problem in detail – State clear problem statement

•Last paragraph: the structure of paper


5) Literature Review/Related Studies:

•Have topics/subtopics •Differentiate topics and subtopics

•Begin: Introduction and end with summary

•The structure of this chapter

•Begin with available literature/analyze each article/organize the review

•Strength and weakness of previous study

•You need to state both here


6) Research Questions:

•This is important part in writing a research.

•Identify what are the objectives related to the entire research.

•Make sure just write down the big goals – research goals. Strongly related to your research.• •Normally identify 2-5 major Research Questions


7) Hypotheses:

•Hypotheses identified must be related to your research questions and research objectives.

•Research hypothesis – intro is a basis , after state problem, must state hypothesis

•Write your hypotheses accordingly

•Follow from literature review, leads to your finding and answer to experiments


8) Research Design:

•Data collection/ procedure/ methodology

•You need to elaborate those section mentioned above. What and why you choose it in your research

•Define all your term

•Make sure you must define all the jargons use in your research. This is very important.

•Instruction all task accordingly


9) Result:

•Report what data collected• You must write all of your findings with elaborations.•Must be very particular•Accurate

•Tables/figures •Present your data collected in tables or figures to make things easier

•Summary of data •This is important. After good elaborations in each findings, finally you have to summarize it.


10) Discussion

•What do results mean

•What you learned from developing and analyzing your topic• •Research contribution (what was new/ unique/interesting)

•Topic boundaries/limitation/assumptions

•Significance of study hypothesis support

•Key finding

•How this finding relate to previous research finding


11) Conclusion/Further Research:

• Knowledge contribution • What and how your research contribute to the field?

•Summarize•You need to write summary for the entire research.

•Further interesting discussion •You can give an extended question to be explored by future researcher.


12) References:

•This is very important chapter

•You must mention who, where, and how did you complete your research. For example; if you referring to others’ work like journals, books, magazines. You MUST put them in this section.

•Avoid plagiarism

•Almost researcher write reference using the APA style.

•References is different than a bibliography. (Please note this)


13) Appendices:

• This part comes after references

•You can put the evidence of your research such as set of questionnaires, programming codes, letters, or any documentation that has been used

•Attach them accordingly with captions


Hope it helps!

Good luck!

foundation of research writing

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