foundation science presentation 1
DESCRIPTION
Vector and scalar quantities are discussed, as well as velocity vs speed, and displacement vs distanceTRANSCRIPT
Today’s Objectives-Learn what vector and scalar quantities are
-Be able to distinguish between vector and scalar quantities
-Learn if some common measurements (speed, weight…) are vector or scalar quantities
-Learn the differences between speed and velocity
-Learn the difference between displacement and distance
What is a Scalar Quantity?
Scalar quantities have only magnitude (=how much)
Examples: • 10 meters• 2 liters• 20 kilometers per hour• 30 baht
What is a Scalar Quantity?
Scalar quantities have only magnitude (=how much)
Examples: • 10 meters• 2 liters• 20 kilometers per hour• 30 baht
Scalar10 meters
What is a Vector Quantity?
Vector quantities have magnitude AND direction
Examples: • 10 meters to the northeast (=displacement)• 100 kilometers and hour to the west (=velocity)
What is a Vector Quantity?
Vector quantities have magnitude AND direction
Examples: • 10 meters to the northeast (=displacement)• 100 kilometers and hour to the west (=velocity)
10 meters to the NEVector
Why are Vectors Important?
Can an asteroid’s path be described using vectors?
Yes! Asteroids have speed AND a direction
We know when meteor showers are coming because of our understanding of vectors
Practice
Label each quantity scalar or vector
1. 80GB2. 20 meters per second to the north3. 20 degrees Celsius4. 25 centimeters5. 8 Newton force upward6. 35 seconds7. 1.3 billion people in China8. 80 kilograms
AnswersLabel each quantity scalar or vector
1. 80GB no direction = scalar2. 20 meters per second to the north has a magnitude and
direction = vector 3. 20 degrees Celsius no direction = scalar4. 25 centimeters no direction = scalar5. 8 Newton force upward magnitude and direction = vector6. 35 seconds no direction = scalar 7. 1.3 billion people in China no direction = scalar8. 80 kilograms no direction = scalar
Displacement vs DistanceDistance – how far something moved (meters)
Displacement – how far, AND what direction something moved (meters to the NW)
18 m to the NW
18 kmSCALAR
Displacement Distance
VECTOR
Displacement vs DistanceDistance – how far something moved (meters)
Displacement – how far, AND what direction something moved (meters to the NW)
Is the red or yellow line distance?Red is distance = how far moved
DISPLACEMENT
DISTANCE
Yellow is displacement = how far and what direction
Displacement is always a straight line, and will always be shorter than distance
Start
Finish
Displacement vs DistanceDistance – how far something moved (meters)
Displacement – how far, AND what direction something moved (meters to the NW)
Classwork:1. A man walks around the outside of park and ends up in the same spot he started.
What is his displacement? How much distance did he travel?
1km
PARK1km 1km
1km
Finish
Start
*His displacement is 0 *His distance traveled is 4 km
*Scalar or vector?
SpeedSpeed is how fast an object is traveling
Speed = distance (in meters)
s = d
It takes a swimmer 57.2 seconds to swim a distance of 100 m. What is the swimmer’s average speed?
time (in seconds)
t
SpeedSpeed is how fast an object is traveling
Speed = distance (in meters)
s = d
It takes a swimmer 57.2 seconds to swim a distance of 100 m. What is the swimmer’s average speed?
= 100m = 1.75 m/s
time (in seconds)
t
s = dt 57.2s
SpeedSpeed is how fast an object is traveling
Speed = distance (in meters)
s = d
It takes a swimmer 57.2 seconds to swim a distance of 100 m. What is the swimmer’s average speed?
= 100m = 1.75 m/s
time (in seconds)
t
s = dt 57.2s Scalar or vector??
SpeedSpeed is how fast an object is traveling
Speed = distance (in meters)
s = d
It takes a swimmer 57.2 seconds to swim a distance of 100 m. What is the swimmer’s average speed?
= 100m = 1.75 m/s
time (in seconds)
t
s = dt 57.2s Scalar or vector?? Scalar
No direction
VelocityVelocity is how fast an object is going, AND its direction
Velocity = displacement (in meters) time (in seconds)Remember, displacement is distance AND direction
If you need to go from point A to point B in 10 minutes, what velocity do you need to get there on time?
Velocity = 3.7 km east = 0.37 km east/ minute 10 minutes
3.7 kmA B N
S
W E
Scalar or vector? Vector because has direction
Speed vs VelocitySpeed – how fast something is moving (m/s)
Velocity – direction and speed of an object (displacement/s)
Speed vs VelocitySpeed – how fast something is moving (m/s)
Velocity – direction and speed of an object (displacement/s)
If I say “I’m driving 85 kilometers per hour in Chiang Mai”, is that a vector or scalar measurement??
Speed vs VelocitySpeed – how fast something is moving (m/s)
Velocity – direction and speed of an object (displacement/s)
If I say “I’m driving 85 kilometers per hour in Chiang Mai”, is that a vector or scalar measurement?? Speed has no direction = Scalar
Speed vs VelocitySpeed – how fast something is moving (m/s)
Velocity – direction and speed of an object (displacement/s)
If I say “I’m driving 85 kilometers per hour in Chiang Mai”, is that a vector or scalar measurement?? Speed has no direction = Scalar
If I say “I’m driving 85 kilometers and hour north toward Chiang Mai”, is that a vector or scalar measurement??
Speed vs VelocitySpeed – how fast something is moving (m/s)
Velocity – direction and speed of an object (displacement/s)
If I say “I’m driving 85 kilometers per hour in Chiang Mai”, is that a vector or scalar measurement?? Speed has no direction = Scalar
If I say “I’m driving 85 kilometers and hour north toward Chiang Mai”, is that a vector or scalar measurement?? Velocity has speed and direction = Vector
Speed 20 meters/second Length 12m Displacement 10m to the north Volume 3 Liters Area 23 meters squared Mass 29 grams Velocity 60km/h to the north Force 56 Newtons down
Measurement Example Vector or Scalar
no direction = scalar no direction = scalar
direction = vectorno direction = scalarno direction = scalarno direction = scalar
direction = vectordirection = vector
Some Common Measurements
Decide Scalar or VectorScalar Vector
LengthAreaVolumeSpeedDisplacementVelocityMassForce
Energy
TimeTemperature
Remember…Scalar quantity has no directionVector quantity has directionDisplacement is distance with directionVelocity is speed with direction
Don’t let these words scare you, they sound complicated, but they really aren’t.
Complete Questions in NotebookDirections: Write vector or scalar1. 40 baht ______________2. 20 Joules ______________3. 1.2 billion atoms ______________4. 28 degrees Celsius ______________5. 8 km/hr west ______________6. 25 N down ______________7. 3 Liters ______________8. 23 km/hr in Bangkok______________9. 10 m west ______________10. 79 kg ______________
Directions: fill in11. Velocity is speed with __________.12. Displacement is direction and __________. A mountain bike rider followed the red line13. What was his displacement?14. What was his distance traveled?
53km
Start
Finish
27km NE
Measurement Scalar or Vector
15. Mass
16. Displacement
17. Area
18. Velocity
19. Force
20. Speed
21. Weight
15-21 Complete the table
Write questions and answers in notebook