H A Y W A R D B A K E R I N C .

LIQUID STORAGE TANKSFoundation Services for New Construction and Remediation

ayward Baker (HB), North America’s leader in specialty tank foundation construction, provides a complete

range of geotechnical construction design-build services for planned or existing tanks. If the existing ground conditions at your tank site require more than a grade-supported tank, we have options to efficiently match the geotechnical construction technology with the soils to provide the long-term foundation performance required by API.

HB has completed hun-dreds of design-build above ground storage tank (AST) foundation projects in the United States, Canada, the Caribbean, and Central America, enabling the storage of more than 200,000,000 barrels.

Large area loads imposed by tanks can affect soils to depths greater than the tank dia-meter. When constructed over compressible

soils, unacceptable settlements can result, threatening the tank’s structural integrity and creating long-term maintenance prob-lems for the terminal operator. HB is ex-perienced with the design and construction of the full range of ground improvement

technologies for tank support. We have improved soils ranging from organic clays and peats to fat clays and sands. Methods can be used to create reinforced plat-forms and to resist seismic load-ing or underpin existing tanks to stop settlement. Whether before construction of a tank or after the tank is in place, HB designs and constructs the foundation

solution best suited to your soil conditions.

We are committed to providing the most economical solution that produces the needed long-term support of your tank. Our nationwide network of offices and full- service equipment yards means fast mobili-zation and reduced start-up costs.

TANK SERVICES DIVISION

Hayward Baker has supported tanks on improved ground and repaired tanks built on unsuitable ground conditions for decades. Whether the challenge at a site is soft clay resulting in unacceptable settlement, clay or mixed soils with insufficient bearing capacity, liquefiable soils requiring improvement, or settlement issues with an existing tank, Hayward Baker provides on-time design-build foundation solutions that meet the American Petroleum Institute (API) performance criteria and supply long-term performance of any demanding tank project.

H

u Tank-ready Foundation Support

u Settlement Controlu Liquefaction Mitigationu Foundation Rehabilitationu Re-levelling

Our involvement does not stop at the completion of our

work but follows the construction up to the

final acceptance of the tank’s foundation during the hydrotest.

Sample stress increase model for a 300-foot-diameter, 60-foot-high tank illustrates the depth affected by a tank.

6,000,000 Barrels, Greater Houston AreaThe soil con-ditions in the greater Hous-ton area pro-vide site-spe-cific challenges that require the use of various techniques to ensure tank s e t t l e m e n t s

are within specified ranges. HB has enabled construction in this area of over 6,000,000 barrels of liquid tank storage us-ing vibro replacement stone columns, Vibro Piers™/aggregate piers, and soil mixing. Tanks up to 225 feet in diameter and 60 feet high have been constructed on soils ranging from uncon-trolled fills to soft clays.

3,600,000 Barrels, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaThe site of a planned tank farm expansion was un-derlain by variable upper layers of fill, organics, and clays, and a deeper glacial till layer of sand, clay shale, gravel, and silt. Hayward Baker Canada, Ltd. de-signed and con-structed soil mix columns overlain with load transfer platforms to increase bearing capacity, control settlement, and provide uniform tank support. The 10 planned tanks were 70 feet high and 150 to 200 feet in diameter.

880,000 Barrels, Southern California Twelve 80,000 bbl, 110-foot-d i a m e t e r tanks and one 30,000 bbl, 75-foot-diameter fuel storage tank were planned over soft soils at a terminal of a major U.S. fuel exploration and storage provider. HB con-structed soil mix and jet grout columns to control settlement and mitigate liquefaction for the tanks and pipelines as well as to stabilize adjacent fill slopes built on top of soft slough. Jet grout columns were utilized where subsurface obstructions precluded the use of soil mixing.

1,500,000 Barrels, Southern Florida Eleven 120,000 bbl, 125-foot-diameter tanks, and two 77,000 bbl, 100-foot-diameter fuel storage tanks were planned for construction on a former coastal marsh area reclaimed for in-dustrial development. HB designed and constructed an inno-vative mass stabilization program that strengthened the soft soils in place to uniformly sup-port the new tanks. The pro-gram economi-cally controlled the settlement, compared to other options of excavate-and-replace, or deep foundations.

Pre-Construction Ground Improvement

Ground improvement economically turns unsuitable ground into engineered ground

and allows for higher tank capacity.

Building tanks on unsuitable groundFaster and lower-cost ground improvement techniques are often an option to higher-cost deep foundations. Whether you are dealing with highly compressible soils that will produce unacceptable settlement, soils that can liquefy during a seismic event, or slowly consolidating soils that will delay your construction schedule, just ask HB. Chances are we have designed and constructed a pad-ready ground improvement system in similar soils for an AST project similar to yours. Examples are presented below.

Repairing existing tanks experiencing unacceptable settlementsSettlement of existing tanks can be remediated economically with specialty grouting and piling techniques that offer limited access constructability, pinpoint treatment, void filling and floor lifting, and re-leveling. HB understands that empty tanks represent lost revenue. Our experienced crews can mobilize fast and work quickly and safely, helping to minimize the owner’s losses.

Post-Construction Foundation Remediation

Compaction Grouting for Tank Stabilization and Re-LevellingHB has designed and con-structed compaction grouting treatment programs to re-level and stabilize small- to large-diameter ASTs at mul-tiple facilities. When faced with difficult access or out-of-plane settlement, compaction grouting offers an economical solution to allow your tank to store product again.

Jet Grouting for AST Perimeter StabilizationHB has designed and constructed jet grouting perimeter treatment programs for multiple clients to sta-bilize settling large-diameter ASTs against shear failure. The programs successfully underpinned the tanks to stop settlement. In some cases, HB also designed and constructed

an injection program to re-level tank floors, reinstating the tanks to operating condition.

Micropiles for Foundation RetrofitHB designed and constructed micropile foun-dation retrofit programs to support distressed tanks at petroleum storage and industrial facilities. Our compact equipment permits construction at limited access sites. Besides soft soil sites, micropiles are also effective for tanks constructed over karst (sinkhole) sites. The piles can be drilled to bear into underly-ing stable rock to provide a solid foundation.

L I Q U I D S T O R A G E T A N K S

During ConstructionHB’s data acquisition (DAQ) systems enable optimal management of quality control during ground improvement projects. We have developed the most advanced DAQ systems to support our technologies, thus providing our clients with the most reliable foundation sys-tems in the industry. Our proprietary hardware and software records and controls the construction process in real time, helping to ensure that your tank foundation system is exactly as it needs to be.

During any operations involving grout-ing, samples are routinely tested by in-dependent laboratories to verify that the designed grout properties are achieved.

Post-ConstructionLoad TestingLoad carrying elements such as vibro replacement stone columns, aggre-gate piers, soil mix columns, jet grout columns, and micropiles are load tested to industry standards to verify their capacity.

Hydrotesting HB completes the tank foundation installation with monitoring of the hydrotest to ensure compliance with design standards.

Quality ControlTANK SERVICES DIVISION

Design-Build Services for the Complete Range of Geotechnical Technologies

GroutingCement Grouting (High Mobility Grouting)Chemical GroutingCompaction Grouting (Low Mobility Grouting)Fracture GroutingJet GroutingPolyurethane Grouting

Ground ImprovementDry Soil MixingDynamic CompactionInjection Systems for Expansive SoilsRapid Impact CompactionRigid InclusionsVibro CompactionVibro Concrete ColumnsVibro Piers™ (Aggregate Piers)Vibro Replacement (Stone Columns)Wet Soil Mixing

Structural SupportAugercast PilesDrilled ShaftsDriven PilesFranki Piles (PIFs)Helical PilesJacked PiersMacropiles™MicropilesPit Underpinning

Earth RetentionAnchorsAnchor Block Slope StabilizationGabion SystemsMicropile Slide Stabilization System (MS³)Sheet PilesSoil NailingSoldier Piles & Lagging

Additional ServicesEarthquake Drains Slab JackingSlurry WallsTRD - Soil Mix WallsWick Drains

Website www.HaywardBaker.comEmail info@HaywardBaker.com

Hayward Baker Inc.A member of the Keller Worldwide Group of Companies

© Hayward Baker Inc. 2013 H1-MAR-30005-J Aug 2013

For a complete list of our offices, visit: www.HaywardBaker.com

Wet soil mix column installation log from a tank support project in Louisiana.

Edge settlement monitoring during hydrotesting of a tank founda-tion that was constructed on very soft organic soils strengthened by HB’s mass mixing design-build program.

Tank Storage Magazine:

u Tank Installation in Challenging Environments – August 2008 (Wet Soil Mixing)

u Pad-ready Foundation Support – September 2009 (Vibro Piers™/Aggregate Piers)

u Tank Site Remediation – September 2010 (Stone Columns & Wick Drains)

u Opening Up New Options – September 2011 (Pre-construction Improvement & Post-construction Remediation)

u Don’t Let the Ground Dictate Tank Capacity – September 2012 (Wick Drains, Earthquake Drains, Stone Columns, Aggregate Piers, Rigid Inclusions, Soil Mixing – Columns & Mass Stabilization)

Storage Terminals Magazine:

u Tank Capacity Should Not be Governed by Ground Conditions – Summer 2013 (Compaction Grouting, Jet Grouting, Wick Drains, Stone Columns, Soil Mix-ing, Mass Stabilization)

Sample Tank Articles and Peer-Reviewed Papers by HB Technical Papers:u Boehm, Templeton, & Filz. Wet Soil Mixing to Construct

Soilcrete Columns for the Transfer of Large Oil Tank Loads through Highly Compressible Deltaic Deposits. Proceedings of Deep Mixing 2005. Stockholm, Sweden. May 23-25, 2005.

u Franz & Sehn. Ethanol Plant Supported on Aggregate Pier Foundation System. Proceedings of Ohio River Valley Soils Seminar XL. Lexington, Kentucky, USA. November 13, 2009.

u Harris & Cleveland. Utilization of Compaction Grouting in Cohesive Soils to Stabilize and Re-level Distressed Tanks and Bins. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Grouting and Deep Mixing. New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. February 15-18, 2012.

u Shao, Taylor, & Keuscher. Soil Mixing and Jet Grouting Ground Improvement under Tanks. Proceedings of Deep Foundations Institute 35 Annual Conference on Deep Founda-tions. Hollywood, California, USA. October 13-15, 2010

u Shao & Ivanetich. Heavy Structures Supported by Soil-Cement Columns. Proceedings of GeoShanghai International Conference. Shanghai, China. June 3-5, 2010.