Foundations

Pile Foundations

A pile is either bored or driven into the ground to load bearing substrata.

A pile can be made from prefabricated or in situ concrete.

Either method can be used depending on the soil

type and load bearing capacity of it.

Pile Foundation

Strip Foundation

Most commonly used type of foundation used for house build and small scale industrial buildings.

It’s the cheapest method of foundation. It can be reinforced to increase its structural

properties. It’s made from concrete.

Strip Foundation

Raft Foundation

Is a system used to support the load of the building over a greater area.

It can be used on poor or unstable soils. It’s an expensive method of forming a

foundation. It takes more concrete and reinforcing to

construct.

Raft Foundation

Pad Foundations

Is an isolated foundation, used to support columns or steel structures e.g. pylon legs.

They are relatively cheap to form.

They bolts embedded into them to connect the steal columns to.

Pad Foundation

Concrete is made from: sand, large aggregate (crushed stone), cement and potable water.

It’s made be mixing 1 part cement to 2 parts sand and 4 parts large aggregate or similar.

If the aggregate and sand are dry 5.5 litres of water are used per 10 kilograms of cement.

However wet aggregate and sand will lead to less water!

Concrete

Sketch a reinforced pile foundation.

Sketch a strip foundation.

Calculate the volume of a strip foundation 24m long by 600mm wide and 150mm deep. (show all working)

Calculate the volume of a pad foundation 1.2m by 1.2m by 600mm deep.

Calculate the volume of a pad foundation 3.3m by 3.3m by 850mm deep.

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