foundations of the imperial state€¦ · 1. historical and geographic overview 2. 100 schools...
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Foundations of the Imperial State
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1. Historical and geographic overview2. 100 Schools revisited: Legalism3. Emergence of the centralized, bureaucratic state4. New ruler, new rituals5. History in the making
Foundations of the Imperial State
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Classical Periodca. 600-200 BCE
Bronze Ageca. 2000-600 BCE
Early Imperial Periodca. 200 BC-600 CE
Western Zhou 周1045 – 771 BCE
Spring and Autumn period(Chunqiu 春秋), 770-403 BCE
Warring States period(Zhanguo 戰國), 403-221 BCE
Qin dynasty 秦221-206 BCE
Han dynasty 漢206 BCE-220 CE
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Major states of the Warring States Period, ca. 400 BCE
ca. 400 BCE
CHU
QIN
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Wei R. valley
"Region within the passes"guanzhong 關中
Central States
Sichuan basin
Sichuan basin
Qin
Qin conquestcompleted 221 BCE
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Sichuan Basin
Min River
China Proper
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秦Qin Empire221-206 BCE
"All under Heaven"tianxia 天下
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Xiang Yu 項羽232 - 202 BCE
Liu Bang 劉邦d. 195 BCE
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Chinese personal names
family name
Liu Bang
Xiang Yu
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China Proper
Liu Bang 劉邦d. 195 BCE
Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 220 CE
Western Han / Former Han206 BCE - 9 CE
Interregnum of Wang Mang9-25 CE
Eastern Han or Later Han25 - 220 CE
漢
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秦Qin Empire221-206 BCE
Ordos plateau
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漢Han Empire206 BCE-220 CE
Emperor WuHan Wudi 漢武帝r. 140-87 BCE
Xiongnu Empire
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1. Historical and geographic overview2. 100 Schools revisited: Legalism3. Emergence of the centralized, bureaucratic state4. New ruler, new rituals5. History in the making
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The Hundred Schools
ConfucianismDaoismLegalism
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Legalismfajia 法家
Shang Yang (d. 338)商鞅
Han Feizi (d. 233 BCE)韓非子
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fa法
model, standard, law
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1. Historical and geographic overview2. 100 Schools revisited: Legalism3. Emergence of the centralized, bureaucratic state4. New ruler, new rituals5. History in the making
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Shang Yang 商鞅d. 338
The Book of Lord ShangShang jun shu 商君書
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junxian systemdirectly administered geographic units
jun 郡 (prefecture)xian 縣 (county)
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Implementation of legal codes
Fragments of the Qin legal codeDiscovered at Yunmeng, Hubei
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Great Wall of China
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Standardization of Writing SystemQin "small seal" script ca. 220 BCE
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weight standard volume standard
Standardization of Measuring System
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Coins of the various states before Qin’s unification
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Standardization of Currency
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Li Si 李斯 (ca. 280-208 BCE)Chancellor of Qin, ca. 235-208 BCE
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mutual responsibilitycorvée labor
"burning of the books" (213 BCE)burying alive of 460 scholars (212 BCE)
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1. Historical and geographic overview2. 100 Schools revisited: Legalism3. Emergence of the centralized, bureaucratic state4. New ruler, new rituals5. History in the making
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王king (wang)
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King Zheng of QinQin Zheng Wang 秦正王
r. 246-221 BC
The First Emperor of QinQin Shi Huangdi 秦始皇帝
r. 221-210 BC
Huangdi 皇帝=Emperor/Thearch
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Liu Bang 劉邦 Emperor GaoHan Gao di 漢高帝r. 202/206-195 BCE
Yao 堯 (mythical ruler and culture hero)
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imperial progress
sites of sacred mountains during Early Empire
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.
Mt. Tai 泰山Shandong Province
feng and shan sacrificesfeng shan ji 封禪
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Qin stele inscriptionThe August Emperor embodies sagehood,And after having pacified all under HeavenHe has not been remiss in rulership.He rises early, retires late at night;He establishes and sets up enduring benefits,Radiates and glorifies His teachings and instructions.His precepts and principles reach all around,The distant and the near are completely well-orderedAnd all receive His sage will.The noble and the mean are distinguished and made clear,Men and women embody compliance,Cautious and respectful to their professions and duties.
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Xi'an
Xianyang (Qin)咸陽
Chang'an (Han)長安
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Reconstruction of the palace in Xianyang (Qin capital)
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sacrifices to Heaven tian 天
sacrifices to the Five Emperorswu di 五帝
State cults in the Han
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The Funerary Park of the First Emperor (built 246-210 BCE)
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1. Historical and geographic overview2. 100 Schools revisited: Legalism3. Emergence of the centralized, bureaucratic state4. New ruler, new rituals5. History in the making
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Records of the HistorianShiji 史記compiled by Sima Qian 司馬遷 (145-86 BCE)
standard (dynastic) historyzhengshi 正史
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History of the [Former] HanHanshu 漢書submitted to throne in 92 CEcompiled by Ban Gu 班固 (32-92 CE)completed by Ban Zhao 班昭 (?48-?116 CE)
History of the Later HanHou Hanshu 後漢書submitted to throne in 445 CEcompiled by Fan Ye 范曄 (398-445 CE)
Standard Histories of the Han Dynasty