Founding of the

Southern Colonies

(1607-1732)

MarylandVirginiaNorth CarolinaSouth Carolina(Carolinas were

divided in 1712)Georgia

Ethnic Origins of Colonists

How did the Southern ColoniesDiffer from the New England

and Middle Colonies?

• Culture and the economy focused on agriculture.

• Slave labor became essential to the Southern economy.

• Towns were fewer and smaller.

The Southern Colonies averaged

89% of the slave populationin Colonial America

Slave Populati

on in Southern Colonies

MIDDLE COLONIES

Virginia The Land of Cavaliers

• 1st settled at Jamestown

• Williamsburg became capital in 1699

• Large tobacco Plantations were established along the James, Rappahannock, York, and Potomac rivers by individuals known as Cavaliers.

• The largest and wealthiest of all the English Colonies

William Byrd II

George Washington’s Mount Vernon Virginia Plantation Typical of Southern

Colonies Plantations

Maryland• In 1632 King Charles I granted • Cecil Calvert-Lord

Baltimore a charter (permission) to found a colony for English Catholics. It was named for the queen Henrietta Maria.

• Maryland was a proprietary colony, this meant that “proprietors”, or owners controlled the government.

• In the 1640’s Protestants also begin moving into Maryland. This caused tension and led to Maryland’s Assembly passing the Toleration Act of 1649 that made it a crime to restrict any form of Christian worship

Lord Baltimore

King Charles I

Maryland’s FlagThe Calvert Family Crest

Maryland

Carolina “Land of Charles”• In 1663 Charles II gave land between

Virginia and Spanish Florida his father Charles I had tried to settle to supporters known as the “Eight Lords Proprietors” who had helped restore his family to power following the English Civil War in the 1640’s

• The Albemarle Sound settlements in the north were widely separated by those in the south such as Charleston founded in 1670.

• In 1712 the colony was divided• In 1729 the King bought the

Carolinas from the proprietors and North and South Carolina became “Royal Colonies”.

KING CHARLES II

Birth of Carolina 1663

Carolina Charter of 1663“Birth Certificate of the

Carolinas”

This Paper Told What the Proprietors Owned and What They Could Do With Carolina

Eight Lords Proprietors of Carolina

Lord Ashley Anthony Cooper

George Monk

Duke of Albemarle

William Berkley

Lord Granville

George Carteret

Charleston Founded in 1670

• Charleston became the center for rice and indigo production.

• Indigo was used as a purple dye.

Plantations in the Southern Colonies

Charleston, South Carolina

Piracy Plagues Carolina Coast

Ockacroke Island

Queen Anne’s

Revenge

“BLACKBEARD”

Edward Teach

Bath, North Carolina’ Oldest Town

Saint Thomas Episcopal

Oldest Church in NC

Palmer-Marsh House

1705

Bath: NC’s Oldest Incorporated Town -1705

Georgia In 1732 King George II granted a charter to James Oglethorpe to start a colony for “Poor English Citizens.Oglethorpe founded the city of Savannah.Oglethorpe outlawed slavery and the use of alcohol.Swiss, German, and Welsh Protestants were early settlers to Georgia. Jewish settlers moved to Savannah.The King took control of Georgia in 1752 and made slavery legal. Coastal Georgia became filled with rice plantations worked by thousands of slaves.

James Oglethorpe

Colonial Savannah

Georgia Founded By James Oglethorpe in 1732