four areas of development: infancy to toddler · title: abc's of infant development author:...

Four Areas of Development:

Infancy to Toddler

Copyright 2

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. These Materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of the Texas Education Agency (TEA) and may not be reproduced without the express written permission of TEA, except under the following conditions: 1) Texas public school districts, charter schools, and Education Service Centers may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for the districts’ and schools’ educational use without obtaining permission from TEA. 2) Residents of the state of Texas may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for individual personal use only, without obtaining written permission of TEA. 3) Any portion reproduced must be reproduced in its entirety and remain unedited, unaltered and unchanged in any way. 4) No monetary charge can be made for the reproduced materials or any document containing them; however, a reasonable charge to cover only the cost of reproduction and distribution may be charged. Private entities or persons located in Texas that are not Texas public school districts, Texas Education Service Centers, or Texas charter schools or any entity, whether public or private, educational or non-educational, located outside the state of Texas MUST obtain written approval from TEA and will be required to enter into a license agreement that may involve the payment of a licensing fee or a royalty. For information contact: Office of Copyrights, Trademarks, License Agreements, and Royalties, Texas Education Agency, 1701 N. Congress Ave., Austin, TX 78701-1494; phone 512-463-7004; email: [email protected].

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First Years of Life

3

Children need:

• Love

• Nutrition

• Health

• Social and emotional

security

• Stimulation


Why Family Support is Vital 4

There is a strong

connection between

the development a

child undergoes early

in life and the level of

success that the child

will experience later in

life.


Developmental Milestones 5

Developmental

milestones are things

most children can do

by a certain age


Physical Development of an Infant 6

Meals and snacks

should be provided to

meet the caloric and

nutritional needs that

include the

appropriate portions

of protein, lipids, and

carbohydrates.


Two Months Four Months

Can hold head up and

begins to push up when lying

on tummy

Makes smoother movements

with arms and legs

Holds head steady, unsupported

Pushes down on legs when feet are on a hard surface

May be able to roll over from tummy to back

Can hold a toy and shake it and swing at dangling toys

Brings hands to mouth

When lying on stomach, pushes up to elbows

7

Physical Development at Two to Four Months


Six Months Nine Months

Rolls over in both directions

Begins to sit without support

When standing, supports weight on legs and might bounce

Rocks back and forth, sometimes crawling backward before moving forward

Stands, holding on

Can get into sitting position

Sits without support

Pulls to stand

Crawls

8

Physical Development at Six to Nine Months


Physical Development at Twelve Months 9

Gets to a sitting

position without help

Pulls up to stand, walks

holding on to furniture

(“cruising”)

May take a few steps

without holding on

May stand alone

Twelve Months


Baby Cruising

(click on link)

http://www.babycenter.com/2_baby-on-the-move-cruising_1487416.bc





Begins to smile at

people if your child:

Can briefly calm

himself (may bring

hands to mouth and

suck on hand)

Tries to look at parent

Smiles spontaneously, especially at people

Likes to play with people and might cry when playing stops

Copies some movements and facial expressions, like smiling or frowning

10

Social/ Emotional Development Two to Four

Months



Knows familiar faces and begins to know if someone is a stranger

Likes to play with others, especially parents

Responds to other people’s emotions and often seems happy

Likes to look at self in a mirror

May be afraid of

strangers

May be clingy with

familiar adults

Has favorite toys

11

Social/ Emotional Development Six to Nine

Months


Social/ Emotional Development Twelve

Months 12

Is shy or nervous with strangers

Cries when mom or dad leaves

Has favorite things and people

Shows fear in some situations

Hands you a book when he wants to hear a story

Repeats sounds or actions to get attention

Puts out arm or leg to help with dressing

Plays games such as “peek-a-boo” and “pat-a-cake”

Twelve Months



Pays attention to faces

Begins to follow things with

eyes and recognize people at

a distance

Begins to act bored (cries,

fussy) if activity doesn’t

change

Lets you know if she is happy or sad

Responds to affection

Reaches for toy with one hand

Uses hands and eyes together, such as seeing a toy and reaching for it

Follows moving things with eyes from side to side

Watches faces closely

Recognizes familiar people and things at a distance

13

Intellectual Development Two to Four Months



Looks around at things

nearby

Brings things to mouth

Shows curiosity about things

and tries to get things that

are out of reach

Begins to pass things from

one hand to the other

Watches the path of something as it falls

Looks for things he sees you hide

Plays peek-a-boo

Puts things in her mouth

Moves things smoothly from one hand to the other

Picks up things like cereal o’s between thumb and index finger

14

Intellectual Development Six to Nine Months


Intellectual Development Twelve Months 15

Explores things in different ways, like shaking, banging, throwing

Finds hidden things easily

Looks at the right picture or thing when it’s named

Copies gestures

Starts to use things correctly; for example, drinks from a cup, brushes hair

Bangs two things together

Puts things in a container, takes things out of a container

Lets things go without help

Pokes with index (pointer) finger

Follows simple directions like “pick up the toy”

Twelve Months


Baby Steps: Learn the Signs. Act Early 16

Developmental

Milestones


http://www.cdc.gov/CDCtv/BabySteps/


Developmental Monitoring and Screening 17

At each well-child

visit the doctor looks

for developmental

delays or problems

and talks with you

about any concerns

you might have.


Developmental Screening 18

Developmental

screening is a short

test to tell if a child is

learning basic skills

when he or she

should, or if there are

delays.


Act Early

19

Act early by talking to the

child’s doctor if a child:

doesn’t crawl

can’t stand when supported

doesn’t search for things that

she sees you hide

doesn’t say single words like

“mama” or “dada”

doesn’t learn gestures like

waving or shaking head

doesn’t point to things

loses skills he once had


Early Intervention Services

20

Research shows that

early intervention

treatment services

can greatly improve a

child’s development


Toddler Development

21

Toddlers will show:

•greater independence

•begin to show defiant behavior

• recognize themselves in pictures or a mirror

• imitate the behavior of others


Positive Parenting Tips for Toddlers

22

• Read to the toddler daily.

• Ask her to find objects for you or name body parts and objects.

• Play matching games

• Encourage him to explore and try new things.

• Help to develop the toddler’s language by talking with her and adding to words she starts.


Play, Literacy, and Development

23

Provide activities

which include:

• Math

• Science

• Physical movement

• Outdoor play

• Art

• Music


Toddler Growth and Development

24

• The toddler phase is

a very active time in

a child’s life.

• They become very

mobile and physical


Toddler Growth and Development

25

• Their language is

developing

• Cognitive and

language

development

advances rapidly


Nutrition for Toddlers

26

• Nutrition needs of a

toddler are based

on their height,

activity level and

how their bodies

burn calories.


Nutritional Guidelines for Toddlers

27

Nutritional Guidelines


http://kidshealth.org/parent/nutrition_center/healthy_eating/toddler_food.html

References and Resources 28

Microsoft Clip Art: Used with permission from Microsoft

Publication:

Helping Your Preschool Child

U.S. Department of Education

Office of Communications and Outreach

Helping Your Preschool Child

Washington, D.C., 2005

Textbook:

Decker, C., & Ryder, V. (2010). Parents and their children. (7th ed., pp. 298-335). Tinley Park: The Goodheart-Willcox Publishing Company.

Websites:

Activities for Infants

Source: National Network for Child Care

Teaching through care giving and learning through exploration

http://www.nncc.org/Child.Dev/dc24_activities.infant.html

Ages and Stages –Infants

Source: University of Illinois Extension

Development of infants from ages birth to twelve months

http://urbanext.illinois.edu/babysitting/age-infant.html

Baby on the Move: Cruising

What cruising looks like, when to expect it, and why it's an important milestone on the way to walking. Plus, tips for keeping it safe and fun.


Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Early recognition of developmental disabilities such as autism is key for parents and providers. CDC realized the impact on families and invested in a campaign to help

parents measure their children's progress by monitoring how they play, learn, speak and act.









References and Resources 29

First Year Development: Infant Development

Source: American Pregnancy Association

Explains the categories of infant development and baby’s development month by month.

http://www.americanpregnancy.org/firstyearoflife/firstyeardevelopment.html

Infant and Newborn Development

Source: Medline Plus

Explains areas of growth in an infant

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/infantandnewborndevelopment.html

KidsHealth

Nutrition through variety, how much food do they need, milk matters, and meeting iron needs.


Understanding Growth and Development Patterns of Infants

Source: Virginia Cooperative Extension

Understanding a child’s growth and development

http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/350/350-055/350-055.html

YouTube™

Baby and Toddler Milestones

In this public service video for parents, Lisa Shulman, M.D., uses video of babies and toddlers to show the communication milestones expected in typically developing

children.

http://youtu.be/pZSjm0drIGM












http://youtu.be/pZSjm0drIGM

four areas of development: infancy to toddler · title: abc's of infant development author:...

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