four corners unit 4 second half grammar only
TRANSCRIPT
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Functions
Completed actions in the past
but not important when we did it
1. We use the present perfect tense to talk
about experiences
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Form
I have been to France twice.
Ruby has never broken a leg.
Have you ever eaten sushi?
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ExamplesI have been to France twice.
Ruby has never broken a leg.
Have you ever eaten sushi?
We often use never and ever with the
present perfect tense to talk about
experience.
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Have been
have have beenHave eaten
have have hadHave lost
haven’t have lostHas called
hasn’t have done
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2. To talk about a past action that affect
the present
Function 2
”I have lost my wallet!” (I need it but don't have it now.)
“Eric has gone to Mexico.” (He isn't here now.)
We often use just, already and yet.
”Have you done your homework yet?”
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Function 33. To talk about an action which started
in the past and continues up to now
We often use since and for to say
how long the action has lasted.
a point of time in the past (“for”)
a period of time in the past (“since”)
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I have been a teacher for more than ten years.
We haven’t seen Louis since Friday.
How long have you been studying at Apollo?
Form
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Simple Past vs. Present
PerfectWhen do we use
each tense in English?
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Use the sim-ple past for action that happened in the past and is:
over, done, finished!
Use the present per-fect for ac-tion that started in the past (when?), or . . .is still true today.
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Compare the meaning of these two sentences:
1. Sara lived in Boston for 5 years.
2. Sara has lived in Boston for 5 years.
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Simple past
*For finished actions, no connection with the present
NowPast
xNo
connection
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I knew Julia for ten years (but then shemoved away and we lost touch).
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Examples:
A traffic accident happened last night.It was Valentine’s Day yesterday.WW1 happened in 1914.The exam started at 10:00. (Now it is 14:00.)A kid was kidnapped one week ago.In 1990? I was at university then.When I arrived, there was blood everywhere.
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Sara has lived in Boston for 5 years.
Meaning: by using the present perfect tense, we mean that Sara began living in Boston 5 years ago . . .
AND . . . she still lives there.
Remember, present perfect:connects the past with the
present.
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Present Perfect Tense
*For a finished action has someconnection with the present
xThere is a connection NowPast
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I've known Julie for ten years (and I stillknow her).
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Examples:Have you seen Mr. Jones today? (He is still not here.)I’ve been out three evenings this week.Have you ever seen a fox? No, I’ve never seen a fox.Have you read it before?Has it stopped raining yet? (usually in negatives &questions)I’ve already mailed the letter.I’ve seen many movies recently.I’ve been working here for ten months.I’ve been working here since September.
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Have seen
haven’t have wanted
Did dodid went
Have eatenhave went
have triedhave not tried
went/has beendid do
went