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Comparison of the Four Electricities

Description and comparison between:

A. Continuous Electricity.

B. Alternating Electricity invented by Nikola Tesla.

C. Alternating Electricity invented by Juan Ortigosa García.

D. PWM Inverters, Chopped Continuous Electricity.

The electricity is one of the most important energies today used, the electrical energy

consumption per inhabitant is used for knowing the industrial development of the

countries.

The Continuous Electricity is part of the Universe, due to that it is an Universal energy,

however the Alternating Electricity invented by Nikola Tesla and the Alternating

Electricity invented by Juan Ortigosa García are not Universal energies thus they only

exist in the Planets where they have been invented by the most developed intelligent

species.

Descriptions.- Present knowledge of the three types of electricity, above mentioned,

with their corresponding measure units, can be summarized in the following way:

A. Continuous Electricity.- It is defined and measured by:

A force unit known by the word “Volt” (in honor of Volta), represented by the

letter V and defined as the minimum necessary force to produce the movement of a

determined amount of electrons between two bodies united by an electrical conductor,

whose force is produced by a determined amount of free electrons between the two

bodies.

A current intensity unit known by the word “Ampere” (in honor of Ampere),

represented by the letter A and defined by a determined amount of electrons in

movement during a second.

A power unit, known by the word “Watt”, represented by the junction of the

letters “VA” and defined by the result of multiplying a Volt by an Ampere.

VA is a too small unit for the industrial applications and due to that reason it is utilized

a multiple which is one thousand times higher, represented by the letter K placed ahead

the VA, being the multiple represented as KVA, for example 50KVA is 50,000.00 VA.

The representation of the power, agreed to represent the Continuous Electricity, was

also applied to the Alternating Electricity invented by Tesla and it is still applied today

in all generators of Alternating Electricity.

A1. The most important limitations of the continuous electricity are:

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A1.1. The low speed of electrons, 17 centimeters per second as maximum, that

obligates today to utilize the light for being able to reach the speed, in data transmission,

today achieved.

A1.2. Its power cannot be multiplied, because it does not utilize the new dimensions

indispensables to achieve the multiplication.

A1.3. The incompatibility with alternating electricity generates a great risk of

destruction of the electrical distribution lines due to “Inverse Resonance”, uncontrolled

up to present because of the lack of necessary knowledge to avoid it.

B. Alternating Electricity invented by Nikola Tesla.

According to present knowledge, Alternating Electricity invented by Tesla is an

EFFECT, never defined, whose speed is equal to the light speed, that is to say three

hundred thousand kilometers per second, produced by the electrons movement, a fact

that is not comprehensible knowing that the maximum speed of the electrons is 17

centimeters per second and, in the electrical distribution grid, according to the

calculations of several electricity professors, their maximum speed is 1 centimeter per

second.

B1. The electrical power of all Tesla alternating electricity generators is still

measured today in KVA, in the exactly same way than the continuous electricity

generators, a fact that is not comprehensible as we can see below.

B1.1. When Tesla alternating electricity is connected to resistors to produce heat, as in

the case of electrical heating, the results are the ones that can be seen in the following

examples.

Example 1 Connect a 100KVA Tesla alternating electricity generator to an electrical

heating with a power of 100kW. The result is:

R.1) The Tesla alternating generator supplies the 100 kilowatts of power, therefore

the 100 KVA have been converted into 100 kilowatts. In this case 100 KVA = 100

kilowatts.

Example 2 Connect the same 100KVA generator to inductive loads of a power of

100KVA with a power factor equal to 0.5 (kW/KVA = 0.5). The result is:

R.2.) The Tesla alternating generator only can supply 50 kilowatts of power, therefore

the 100 KVA have been converted into 50 kilowatts. In this case there has been a 50%

power loss, a fact that allows us to affirm: The total reactive power, measured in KVAr,

reduces the useful power of the Tesla generator.

Example 2A Connect a generator of Ortigosa Renewable Electricity (ORE) to

inductive loads of a power of 100KVA with a power factor equal to 0.5 (kW/KVA =

0.5). The results are:

R.3.) ORE supplies 100 kilowatts of useful power, therefore the 100 KVA have been

converted into 100 kilowatts. In this case the generator has won 50 kilowatts of useful

power, compared to the Tesla alternating generator.

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R.4) ORE converts the 50 KVAr into 50 kilowatts of useful power that can be used

by the owner of the inductive loads in the more convenient way he may consider. They

are 50 kilowatts of free power, with no cost, that produce 50 kilowatts-hour of free

energy. Therefore the ORE beneficiaries are:

i) The supplier electrical company has increased in 50 kilowatts the useful power

of its generator, resulting a free power gain of 50 kilowatts, or which is the same 50

kilowatt-hour of useful energy that it can sell to other user.

ii) The owner or user of the installation uses the 50 kilowatts of power obtained

from the reactive energy generated by his inductive loads and transformed into kilowatts

by ORE. (We do not have into account in this case the power multiplication).

iii) The power total gain, in this case, is the sum of the 50 kilowatts gained by the

company plus the 50 kilowatts gained by the user, a total of 100 kilowatts of free power,

or what is the same, 100 kilowatts-hour of free energy.

Example 3: We use the same installation described at Example 2, page 2, but in this

example we correct the power factor, with the adequate capacitors, in all the inductive

loads. The result is:

R.5) The 100KVA of the Tesla alternating generator have been reduced to 50KVA

thus the KVA have been also equalled to the kW, but downwards, or what is to say, the

final result is: 50 KVA = 50 kW.

Irrefutable conclusion: The capacitors do not avoid the power reduction of the

alternating generators since the reduction is the same with capacitors or without them.

The only thing that capacitors do is to reduce the losses, by Joule effect, in the electrical

distribution lines due to the reactive current.

Example 4 We add the Electric Power Multiplier (EPM) or Energy Multiplier, to

Example 2A, realized with ORE. The result is:

R.6) With EPM we achieve a maximum multiplication factor of 3 so we multiply the

results of R.4) by a multiplication factor of 3, obtaining a free power of 50x3 = 150

kilowatts or what is the same, 150 kilowatts-hour of free energy.

Therefore the power total gain is the sum of the 50 kilowatts of useful power that has

gained the electrical supplier company generator plus the 150 kilowatts utilized by the

user, a total of 200 kilowatts or what is the same, 200 kilowatts-hour of free energy.

Conclusion: In the case of utilizing ORE adding the Electric Power Multiplier (EPM) it

is obtained a gain of 200 kilowatts regarding to the 50 kilowatts that can be supplied by

the Tesla electric generator, i.e.: 4 times more.

Example 5 We utilize the Ortigosa Renewable Electricity Generator (OREG) in

Example 2A.

R.7) With ORE + OREG and the inductive loads manufactured and used at present,

the power multiplication factor is 5, therefore multiplying the results of R.4) by a

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multiplication factor of 5 we obtain a free power of 50x5 = 250 kilowatts or what is the

same, 250 kilowatts-hour of free energy.

The power total gain is the sum of the 50 kilowatts of useful power that has gained the

electrical supplier company generator plus the 250 kilowatts utilized by the user, a total

of 300 kilowatts or what is the same, 300 kilowatts-hour of free energy.

R.8) With ORE + OREG and the inductive loads manufactured and used at present

it is obtained a gain of 300 kilowatts regarding to the 50 kilowatts that can be supplied

by the Tesla electric generator. The result is: The kilowatts generated by the Tesla

Alternating Electricity generator have been multiplied by 6, with no additional

cost.

Example 6 In Example 5 we substitute the Tesla Alternating Electricity generator

by a photovoltaic generator of the same power, i.e.: 100 kilowatts of Continuous

Electricity.

6.1. As it is well known, all photovoltaic generators are connected at the input of an

ORE+OREG system, or to the input of a PWM Inverter. This reality obligates us to

compare the results obtained in R.8) with the best that can be obtained substituting an

ORE + OREG for a PWM Inverter. The rest of the components of the installation are

the same in both cases. The results are the following:

R.9) All the PWM Inverters are in reality choppers of continuous voltage, i.e.: voltage

square pulses followed of non-voltage square pulses, as it is shown in Figure F1.

Adding the voltage pulses on one hand and the non-voltage pulses on the other hand, we

can see that the time of the non-voltage pulses is higher than the time of the voltage

pulses, therefore during the total time of the non-voltage pulses none power from the

photovoltaic generator is being used, in other words: The PWM inverters use less than

50% of the power generated by the photovoltaic panels, and considering only the 50%

we are in similar conditions than the Tesla Alternating Electricity generators.

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Figure F1.

R.9.1) The efficiency of the PWM Inverters depends a lot on the amount of power

connected at the Inverter output. When the power at its output is equal or lower than

50% of the Inverter maximum output power, the losses are higher than 30%. See Figure

F2.

Figure F2.

R.9.2) The power supplied to the electrical grid by the photovoltaic generators is

controlled by the electrical companies that utilize the power that they need in every

moment.

495.6V

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R.9.2.1.) If the photovoltaic installation is not connected to the electrical grid the

result is worst because the consumption of the users, as houses, commerce, bars,

restaurants, etc… varies so much from a hour to another, therefore the losses in the

PWM Inverters, due to low efficiency, are higher than the installations connected to

electrical grids.

R.9.3) The European efficiency. Due to the high internal consumption of the PWM

Inverters, plus the high losses when they work below its 50%, plus the low power

demanded sometimes by the electrical companies, as for example, the public holidays,

summer holidays and so on, the PWM Inverters manufacturers reached, a time ago, to

the following agreement:

R.9.3.1) When the internal consumption of the PWM Inverters is equal or higher

than the power supplied to the electrical grid, the PWM Inverters automatically are

disconnected and they are connected when the power demanded by the electrical

company is higher than the internal consumption of the PWM Inverters. Conclusion:

The efficiency corresponding to the point of automatic connection is called

European Efficiency. Naturally is a political-commercial efficiency with no relation to

Physics.

R.9.4) As it is well known, the voltage used by the PWM Inverters is 495.6V (495.6 –

312 = 183.6 Volts), much higher than the utilized by the Tesla Alternating Electricity

generators, which is the same that utilized by ORE, EPM and OREG. Due to this fact,

the PWM Inverters connected to the electrical grids are a real danger for the lines which

go to their self-destruction due to Inverse Resonance. This risk is widely explained in

the document named “Incompatibility of PWM Inverters and Alternating Electricity,

with Risk of self-destruction of the Electrical Grids”. (See the following link:

http://www.ortronic.com/ENGLISH/pdf/TOVSTPWM.pdf).

R.9.5) The final conclusion, in this case, is: The efficiency of the photovoltaic

generators, utilized with PWM Inverters, is lower to 10% of their possibilities if

utilizing ORE + EPM + OREG.

R.9.5.1) The best solution to measure the efficiency in the PWM Inverters, taking

under consideration all said in the above paragraphs, is to place a kilowatt-hour meter at

the output of a PWM Inverter for a year, the results are the mentioned in the above

paragraph.

C. Alternating Electricity invented by Juan Ortigosa Garcia.- It is based on

multiple new dimensions never used before, whose advantages and benefits are detailed

in the Ortronic Technology, S.L. website. The Ortronic® systems establish a new

concept of alternating electricity that needs a new Paradigm to be understood and

utilized.

Madrid, November 12th

, 2015.

Signed: Juan Ortigosa García.

Scientific, Inventor and Entrepreneur.

Technical Director of Ortronic Technology, S.L.