four mainstream reality capture tools*...12/20/2015 1 four mainstream reality capture tools* •...
TRANSCRIPT
12/20/2015
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Four Mainstream Reality Capture Tools*
• Optical
• GNSS (or more commonly GPS)
• Lidar– Static
– Mobile
– Aerial
• Photogrammetry– UAV Collected
– Ground Collected
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• Consists of three measurement devices– H Angle, V Angle, Distance
• Efficiency gains– Autolock
– Reflectorless
– Robotic
– Imaging
Optical
Comparisons
Optical GNSS Static LiDAR Mobile LiDAR Aerial LiDAR UAV
Capital Cost $‐$$ $‐$$ $$ $$$ $$$$$ $$
Per Point Cost $$$$ $$$ $ $ $$ $
Accuracy AAAA AAA AAAA AA+ A AA+
Efficiency E EE EE EEE EEEE EEE
Site Suitability **** *** **** *** **** *
• GPS, Glonass, Beidou, Galileo, QZSS
• Uses at least 2 receivers (Base/Rover)
• Tree/urban canopy can be problematic
• Efficiency Gains– Cellular corrections
– More signals
– More data
GNSS/ GPS
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Comparisons
Optical GNSS Static LiDAR Mobile LiDAR Aerial LiDAR UAV
Capital Cost $‐$$ $‐$$ $$ $$$ $$$$$ $
Per Point Cost $$$$ $$$ $ $ $$ $
Accuracy AAAA AAA AAAA AA+ A AA+
Efficiency E EE EE EEE EEEE EEE
Site Suitability **** *** **** *** **** *
• 3 Primary Types– Static
– Mobile
– Aerial
Lidar
Static Lidar
• Two 360 degree rotating scanners
• Many points/ sec (million+)
• Add imagery for colorizing pixels
• Creates point clouds
• Moves field processes to office
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Comparisons
Optical GNSS Static LiDAR Mobile LiDAR Aerial LiDAR UAV
Capital Cost $‐$$ $‐$$ $$ $$$ $$$$$ $
Per Point Cost $$$$ $$$ $ $ $$ $
Accuracy AAAA AAA AAAA AA+ A AA+
Efficiency E EE EE EEE EEEE EEE
Site Suitability **** *** **** *** **** *
Heading GNSS
Spherical CameraPositioning
GNSSIMU
Dual LiDARSystem
Mobile Lidar
• One or two rotating lasers
• Many points/ sec
• Add imagery for colorizing pixels
• Utilizes GNSS & IMU for positioning
Comparisons
Optical GNSS Static LiDAR Mobile LiDAR Aerial LiDAR UAV
Capital Cost $‐$$ $‐$$ $$ $$$ $$$$$ $
Per Point Cost $$$$ $$$ $ $ $$ $
Accuracy AAAA AAA AAAA AA+ A AA+
Efficiency E EE EE EEE EEEE EEE
Site Suitability **** *** **** *** **** *
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Aerial Lidar
• Many points/ sec
• Add imagery for colorizing pixels/ orthophotos
• Creates point clouds
• Moves field processes to office
Comparisons
Optical GNSS Static LiDAR Mobile LiDAR Aerial LiDAR UAV
Capital Cost $‐$$ $‐$$ $$ $$$ $$$$$ $
Per Point Cost $$$$ $$$ $ $ $$ $
Accuracy AAAA AAA AAAA AA+ A AA+
Efficiency E EE EE EEE EEEE EEE
Site Suitability **** *** **** *** **** *
UAVs
• Imagery only (typically), rarely LiDAR
• Creates point clouds/ orthophotos
• Moves field processes to office (very automated)
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UAS GNSS Comments
Area 370 acres 370 acres
Ground control setup & measurement
1 ¼ hr --- Ground control not required for all applications
Setup time 15 min 15 min (per day)
Survey time 45 min 30 ½ hr (4 days)
Tear-down time 15 min 15 min (per day)
Data processing time 4 hrs(2.80 GHz Intel Core i7,16 GB RAM)
--- Data can be processed overnight
Total time 6 hr 30 min 32 hr 30 min 5x faster than GNSS
Measurement sampling .12 feet (at 400 feet flight altitude)
50 feet Minimum sampling size is .08 feet
Horizontal accuracy .07 feet .03 feet
Vertical accuracy .13 feet .07 feet
Topographic Survey Example
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Topographic Survey Example
Surface model generated from UAS survey (300,000 measurements)
Surface model generated from GNSS survey (100,000 measurements)
Comparisons
Optical GNSS Static LiDAR Mobile LiDAR Aerial LiDAR UAV
Capital Cost $‐$$ $‐$$ $$ $$$ $$$$$ $$
Per Point Cost $$$$ $$$ $ $ $$ $
Accuracy AAAA AAA AAAA AA+ A AA+
Efficiency E EE EE EEE EEEE EEE
Site Suitability **** *** **** *** **** *
How to fly (legally!)
• UAVs were banned by the FAA in 2007 and they control the national airspace
• Hobby Exclusion– Not for commercial use
• Government COA– Only available to tax funded organizations
• Section 333 Exemption– Only possible option commercial use*
*Manufacturers can obtain SAC
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What are the proposed rules? (highlights)
• Operational– Aircraft less than 55lbs.– Under 500’ AGL (above ground
level)– Max. speed 100 mph– Must maintain visual contact– May not operate within 500’ of non-
participants (structures, people)
• Operator– Operator certification (no pilot
needed)
• Operational
– Under 400’ AGL (above ground level)
– Aircraft <55 lbs, speeds <100 mph
– Must maintain visual contact
– May not operate near people (500’)
– May not fly over “built-up areas”*** • this isn’t showing up any longer
– Must have COA (either blanket or site specific)
• Operator
– Private, Commercial, Recreational, or Sport Pilot’s License Required
What are the typical 333 restrictions? (highlights)
• Blanket COA– Flights under 200’
– Not within 5 NM of towered airport, 2-3NM of non-towered
– Not over major cities
– Must file Notice to Airmen (NoTAM) 24-72 hrs before flight
• Specific COA– Takes 15-60 days to process
– Typically will limit to <400’ AGL, closer to airports with airport approval
– Must file NoTAM 24-72 hrs before flight
Civil COAs (highlights
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Why would someone want to go through the hassle of a 333?
• Offer a service very few can legally provide
• Many companies require this for UAV data
• Efficiency gains are tremendous on site development
• Develop internal knowledge prior to the implementation of official rules
• It is likely to only take a couple months for the initial exemption, then each site should be a quick approval
• Consequences for not– Liability
– Fines ($10k/day)
– Potential disbarment from government funded projects
– FAA proposes $1.8M fine to SkyCap
Why would someone want to go through the hassle of a 333?
Ground Collected Images
• Utilizing cameras
• May require ground control
• Creates point clouds or uses office input to collect individual points
• Moves field processes to office (heavy automation)
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Pointclouds from pictures
Comparisons
Optical GNSS Static LiDAR Mobile LiDAR Aerial LiDAR UAV Ground Photo
Capital Cost $‐$$ $‐$$ $$ $$$ $$$$$ $$ $‐$$
Per Point Cost $$$$ $$$ $ $ $$ $ $
Accuracy AAAA AAA AAAA AA+ A AA+ AA+
Efficiency E EE EE EEE EEEE EEE EEE
Site Suitability **** *** **** *** **** * **
MECHANICAL SPACES
• TIME SPENT SCANNING = 4 – 5 HRS
• SCAN = 1,144,000,000 PTS
• FILE SIZES = o PT.CLOUD.PCG: 13.68GB
POINT CLOUD (LASER SCAN)
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•
MST ROLLA
BIM (REVIT MODEL)
• LINKED FILE SIZES = o PT.CLOUD.RVT: 9.65MB
o ARCH.RVT: 9.85MB
o MEP.RVT: 30.6MB
Constructability Review
Clash detection, dimensional control, quality assurance …
Clash
As-built
Clash Detection
Design
• Video– Point cloud with a GoPro
and QuadCopter
• V10 Data– Collected while surveying
• Hilton Curb– Collected with iPhone
– Surface in Civil 3D
Autodesk Recap Demo
